Ciencias de la Salud
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Item CISTITIS INTERSTICIAL/SÍNDROME DE VEJIGA DOLOROSA: DIAGNÓSTICO Y TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLÓGICO Y NO FARMACOLÓGICO(2025-06-13) Armijo Soria, Lisbeth Mariela; Parra Rosero, Andrea Catalina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: Interstitial cystitis (CI/BPS) is a chronic nonbacterial inflammatory disease that causes persistent pain and chronic urinary symptoms, significantly affecting quality of life. The disease has an important psychological component, with high rates of depression and anxiety, which underscores the need to better understand its pathogenic mechanisms and diagnostic methods. Methodology: An updated literature review (2020-2024) was carried out on interstitial cystitis and its diagnosis and treatment. We consulted 35 sources, including metaanalyses, systematic reviews, and clinical trials. The databases used were Google Scholar, PubMed, The New England, ELSEVIER, Wiley Online Library and Dialnet, using key terms in English. Studies prior to 2020, duplicate information or information not relevant to the objectives were excluded. Results: Urinary biomarkers are emerging as promising diagnostic tools, although they still need clinical validation. Cystoscopy remains a key tool for the identification of specific lesions, such as Hunner's ulcers, but its sensitivity is limited. In terms of treatment, pharmacological therapies (pentosan polysulfate sodium and amitriptyline) stand out, which have shown mixed results and side effects. Intravesical treatments, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycosaminoglycan therapy, have also shown limited efficacy. Discussion: Interstitial cystitis remains a complex disease, and its management is challenging due to the lack of definitive treatments and the side effects of current therapies. Pharmacological options are not always effective, and intravesical treatments require invasive procedures. Conclusions: The diagnosis of HF/BPS remains complicated due to the lack of specific markers. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as diet modification and stress management, are essential and can complement pharmacological treatments, improving patients' quality of life.Item EFECTO DEL USO DE ÁCIDO TRANEXÁMICO EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE MELASMA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Tituaña Ortega, Grace Anabel; Castro Batista, ZeniaThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the treatment of melasma, a skin condition that poses challenges due to its chronic nature and variable response to conventional therapies. Methodology: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the treatment of melasma. The literature search covered studies from 2019 to October 2023 in various electronic databases. Studies that met strict inclusion criteria were selected, prioritizing controlled and randomized clinical trials. The safety and efficacy of TXA in various formulations and routes of administration, such as oral, transepidermal, and intradermal, were evaluated. Results: The findings demonstrated that TXA, in its different forms of administration, led to a reduction in the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores, indicating improvements in skin pigmentation and dermal microcirculation. Reductions in epidermal melanin density and the number of pendulous melanocytes were observed. Additionally, the efficacy of TXA combined with other therapeutic agents, such as ascorbic acid or platelet-rich plasma, to improve melasma was highlighted. Conclusion: TXA emerges as an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of melasma. Its ability to improve MASI scores suggests a positive effect on skin pigmentation and dermal microcirculation. However, challenges such as treatment tolerability and recurrence rates persist.Item MANEJO DE LA DEGENERACIÓN MACULAR HÚMEDA RELACIONADA CON LA EDAD: REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Morales Alarcón, Daysi Camila; Mendoza Rodríguez, Saimara MaríaIntroduction: Age-related wet macular degeneration (AMD) is a central retinal pathology that significantly impacts visual acuity. The aim of this research is to explore the management of wet AMD, covering its clinical manifestations and risk factors to current diagnostic modalities and therapeutic strategies. The methodology employed in this literature review involved searching for relevant articles in medical databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic alternatives for wet AMD were selected. The results indicate that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy remains the mainstay treatment for wet AMD but may have side effects, such as the need for frequent injections and the risk of ocular complications. New treatment options, such as antiinflammatory therapy and the combined use of anti-VEGF and photodynamic therapy (PDT), have been shown to be effective in minimizing macular edema and improving visual acuity. In conclusion, it is a multifactorial eye disease that requires an individualized treatment approach. Anti-VEGF therapy remains the mainstay treatment, but new treatment options are being investigated that may be effective in reducing macular edema and improving visual acuity. Furthermore, nutrition can play a key role in the prevention and management of wet AMDItem USO DEL CANNABIS MEDICINAL EN ELALIVIO DEL DOLOR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-28) Cunalata Castro, Stefania Aracely; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy CristinaIntroduction: The use of cannabis has been a rather controversial issue, starting from its legalization in some countries, the way in which it is consumed either for the benefit of health or recreationally, currently its medicinal use is on the rise due to the fact that analgesic drugs are unfavorable in patients suffering from chronic pain, which has made cannabis an alternative means of pain relief. Methodology: Obtaining the information was based on the PRISMA diagram for the initial search of scientific articles in databases such as: Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar, using the search equation "medicinal cannabis AND pain". The selection of scientific documents was made using the following inclusion criteria: Articles that were original or systematic review, that the title of the document contains the terms cannabis, pain, health, alternative treatment, pain relief, free access articles in English and Spanish, published between 2018 and 2023. Incomplete documents or whose methodology was not consistent with the subject of the study were excluded. Results: 54 articles were found which allowed to know the benefits that the use of cannabis represents in pain relief.