Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.BAGAZO DE CAÑA

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    Desarrollo del proceso de fabricación para la obtención de sorbetes biodegradables.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Manjarrez Ocaña, Edwin Andrés; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    The growing concern about environmental pollution caused by single-use plastics has driven the search for biodegradable alternatives. This project addresses this issue by developing a process to manufacture biodegradable straws that reduce environmental impact. The use of materials such as sugarcane bagasse was prioritized due to its availability, low cost, and biodegradable properties, along with its versatility and low carbon footprint, aligning with global sustainability trends and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The development process included an exhaustive review of the scientific and technical literature to identify suitable materials and evaluate the most efficient manufacturing methods. The extrusion method was selected as the main technique, given its ability to process the chosen materials and its adaptability in the industry. As part of the project, a single-screw extruder machine was designed, optimized to produce up to 2 kg/hour of biodegradable straws. The design focused on the efficiency of the process and the proper configuration of the extrusion system, ensuring continuous and uniform production with low resource consumption. The results of the study showed that the combination of sugarcane bagasse and cassava starch allows obtaining biodegradable straws with characteristics suitable for use in the food industry. The designed machine meets the requirements of sustainable production, ensuring economic viability, industrial scalability, and reduction of plastic waste. In addition to promoting technological innovation and supporting the transition towards a circular economy.
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    Obtención de un material biodegradable impermeable para su utilización en vajilla desechable
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Hurtado Salazar, Nelson Enrique; Molina Guerrero, Javier Alexander; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    In recent years, industrialized nations have seen a significant increase in the production of household waste, likewise, the growing environmental awareness and the demand for sustainable alternatives have generated the need to develop biodegradable and waterproof materials that allow for environmentally friendly elements. A waterproof biodegradable material was obtained for use in disposable tableware, under an experimental methodology and a series of tests were carried out; hardness, flexure and impact, and waterproof and degradability testing, comprehensively addressing the challenges associated with obtaining this material; using the necessary international and national standards to ensure that the result is a valid option, which meets the requirements and parameters necessary to ensure people's food safety. In addition, a simulation of the behavior of the plate was carried out in a specific software, determining its maximum deformation, placing the maximum force obtained from the tests and indicating the fixed clamping conditions so that the plate does not present any displacement and achieve optimal results. The results allow us to assert that sugarcane bagasse has a lower resistance; These values were similar for the bending, impact and hardness test without the application of a waterproof film. Last but not least, for the issue of impermeability, the food grade film was applied where it yielded similar results for the final product, with rice husk being the best biodegradable and waterproof material.
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    Comportamiento a flexión del hormigón tradicional frente a un hormigón en base a PET reciclado y fibras de bagazo de caña de azúcar
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Villacrés Yépez, Jhojaan Alexander; Castro Solorzano, Fidel Alberto
    In this experimental work the reuse of materials as they are proposed; recycled PET plastic and cane bagasse fibers, which replace a percentage of the total weight corresponding to coarse aggregate, in the dosage and elaboration of traditional concrete beams. The technical, economic and environmental behavior of the proposal was analyzed through controlled bending laboratory tests and its cost comparison of these alternative materials compared to traditional ones in the local market. Technically, it was found that the traditional concrete specimens reinforced with 5 and 7 percent recycled PET plastic have mechanical properties according to the NTE-INEN standard for non-structural elements. The cane bagasse fibers did not meet the standards, with a maximum of 1.5 percent fiber addition being the best result. The economic analysis showed that concrete with PET reinforcements is competitive with traditional concrete.