Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.CONSTRUCCIÓN

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    Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de pino (Pinus Patula Schltdl. & Cham), provenientes de la provincia de Cotopaxi y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Toaquiza Chiguano, Patricio Orlando; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza Elizabeth
    This study analyzes the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham) from the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, evaluating its viability as a structural material according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). In addition to providing technical data, the aim is to promote the use of sustainable local materials in construction, so that pine wood from this region can be used as a structural material in light and sustainable constructions, standing out as an economical and ecological alternative to traditional materials. The methodology was structured in four clearly defined phases. Initially, the extraction of samples from the mentioned area was carried out. Subsequently, specimens were prepared strictly following the guidelines of ASTM D 143-94, which guaranteed the standardization of the tests. Finally, mechanical tests (tensile, compression and flexural) were carried out in specialized laboratories in order to obtain accurate and reproducible data. Additionally, the results were compared with the minimum requirements demanded by the NEC 2015, ensuring a comprehensive and rigorous approach in the evaluation. Thus, the results classify pine wood as low-strength structural. The basic and dry densities of air were 0.44 g/cm3 and 0.57 g/cm3, respectively. Thus, in tension, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) reached 12845.72 MPa, and the allowable stress 11.9 MPa. In compression, the MOE was 1834.8 MPa and the allowable stress was 13.7 MPa. In flexure, the MOE was 5519.60 MPa and the allowable stress was 11.81 MPa. For this reason, these values place it in groups “B” and “C” according to the NEC 2015, highlighting its potential for specific applications within the construction field.
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    Estudio comparativo de costos, sostenibilidad y eficiencia del sistema de construcción tradicional vs el Steel Frame
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Aguilar Paredes, Cynthia Lissette; Viscaino Cuzco, Mayra Alexandra
    The construction sector in Ecuador, crucial for the economy and employment, was severely affected by the pandemic, highlighting the need for sustainable and efficient solutions. Latin America and the Caribbean face significant challenges such as demographic growth and housing deficit; In Quito, less than 5 percent of urban households and 10 percent of rural households lack housing and basic services, according to ECLAC, highlighting the urgency of developing sustainable alternatives In this research, the Steel frame was compared with reinforced concrete in terms of costs, efficiency and sustainability; It stood out for being more economical, efficient and sustainable in the use of materials, allowing resources to be optimized due to its low level of waste; To carry out this project, the process was divided into three phases: the first bibliographic research, the second the experimental design and the third evaluation of costs, sustainability and efficiency; To complete them, architectural and structural plans, construction budgets were prepared for the two construction systems, work schedules were also made to know the construction time of each system, lastly a conformity evaluation matrix to determine what the more sustainable method. As a result, this system can improve housing rates in Ecuador and contribute to regional economic and environmental development. It offers significant advantages in sustainability and lower environmental impact, thanks to its efficiency in manufacturing, assembly and waste management, and its ability to reduce emissions and energy consumption.
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    Diseño y construcción de una máquina bordonadora de tanques de acero inoxidable con un sistema hidráulico para incrementar su resistencia en la empresa INOX TEC
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Aviles Brito, Carlos Kevin; López Villacis, Gonzalo Eduardo
    The metalworking company INOX TEC located in Cunchibamba, in the province of Tungurahua, requires a beading machine for stainless steel sheets and tanks, to improve the properties of said material. It was proposed to design and build a hydraulic beading machine that can perform beading with thicknesses of up to 4 mm in AISI 304 stainless steel. The study was based on bibliographic sources and field studies, the feasibility of implementing the equipment was demonstrated. An efficient mechanical system was selected, appropriate to the productive capacity of the company to guarantee its economic viability, in the same way a hydraulic system was used to facilitate its use. Calculations, designs and machining processes were carried out, plans and computer simulations were prepared. Likewise, studies were carried out after the beading process where AISI 304 stainless steel significantly improves its properties, as well as its hardness and resistance. The hydraulic beading machine offers an ideal and fast solution through the use of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder that allows quick and efficient actuation at the time of beading, as well as a control center through which the process can be managed in a simple way. The materials used and the design of the equipment guarantee its longterm durability and efficiency. This project contributes to the well-being of the company and has the potential to be applied in other similar contexts if required.
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    Diseño y construcción del asiento abatible del paramédico para ambulancias según la norma técnica ecuatoriana NTE INEN 2 512:2009
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Valencia Castillo, Rafael Alejandro; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
    The issue addressed in this research stemmed from the lack of a proper design for the paramedic's seat, which hinders compliance with regulatory requirements and the assurance of service quality. The objective is to design and construct a seat that complies with the NTE INEN 2 512:2009 standard. The gathered information revealed deficiencies in the seat concerning the NTE INEN 2 512:2009 standard. For this reason, efforts were made to design a seat that meets the NTE INEN 2 512:2009 standard, and a dynamic test based on CEPE R80 was implemented to assess the seat's strength under the conditions specified by the standard. The seat was simulated using specialized software, which provided data close to reality, and these results were compared with the aforementioned standards. Regarding the manufacturing process, CNC cutting and CN folding technologies were employed, along with hydraulic bending, to enhance the seat assembly precision. As a result, a seat design was obtained that met multiple aspects of these standards. Its construction is feasible using readily available materials in the market, which would facilitate large-scale production and distribution. This advancement in the design of sturdy seats that comply with regulations represents a significant step forward in the industry, ensuring comfort and, most importantly, the safety of paramedics.
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    Programación y procesamiento de datos en lenguaje de Python para la determinación de análisis de precios unitarios y presupuesto, para construcción de obras civiles
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Montalván Castillo, Janina De Los Ángeles; Bonilla Freire, Lenin Fernando; Portilla Yandún, Favio Paúl
    In this technical project, a program was developed to calculate unit prices for construction, through the Python programming language, and the use of various databases referring to the different items and materials of civil works. The designed program was named APEC, which focuses specifically on the calculation and presentation of the budget, unit prices analysis (UPA), cost lists of equipment, materials and hand of work, construction schedule of values, cash flow and coefficients of the polynomial formula for the price adjustment. In addition, the program allows generating all the reports of the created products in pdf format, as well as in xlsx format, in case the user needs a modifiable file. All the obtained results with the use of the program were correct, considering that the program performs several simultaneous operations with the entered data and the calculated parameters, for which this tool is more efficient compared to the traditional use of spreadsheets for the realization of construction budgets.