Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis estructural dinámico comparativo de un edificio irregular de 5 pisos entre la NEC-15 y ASCE 7-16(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Pinos Cevallos, Ariana Belén; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonAs technology advances, developed countries conduct research based on the lessons learned from each earthquake. This research leads to updates in building codes, aiming to create safer structures that respond appropriately to seismic activity. The goal is not only to protect human lives but also to safeguard the economy by preventing structural collapses. This experimental study presents a comparative dynamic structural analysis based on the parameters of the NEC and ASCE 7-16 standards. The study evaluates the NEC’s capacity to ensure structural safety and efficient planning. To achieve this, a five-story irregular structure was designed using ETABS software, where structural models were developed: one following the NEC to calculate static and dynamic base shear, and another based on ASCE 7-16 to determine horizontal forces. The results obtained from both standards were compared in the dynamic analysis context. The findings reveal significant differences that must be carefully considered in structural design. According to NEC 15, the base shear values are below 1 percent, whereas when using ASCE 7-16, the calculation of base shear—considering both static and dynamic forces-exceeds 2 percent. Although this increase may seem minor, it can have a substantial impact on the design and safety of the structure, particularly in critical buildings or areas with high seismic activity. Therefore, the NEC should reconsider its safety standards to enhance disaster resilience, ultimately protecting both the well-being and economic stability of the Ecuadorian population.Item Análisis comparativo del comportamiento estructural de un edificio de hormigón armado convencional y con el uso de disipadores de energía SHEAR-LINK BOZZO (SLB)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Chifla Ruiz, Alexis Vidal; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe present experimental work seeks to have a new design alternative to improve the structural response, due to the fact that our area, being located in the fire belt, is prone to suffer damages considered by seismic action. The linear analysis of a conventional reinforced concrete structure was carried out taking into account the requirements for a seismic-resistant structure provided by the NEC-SE-DS standard and the ACI318. In addition, a nonlinear dynamic analysis (time-history) was performed including SLB energy dissipators taking the various parameters provided by the designers. Through this, the following structural responses were compared: drifts, shears, displacements and accelerations between the conventional structure and the structure with the incorporation of SLB dissipators. Also, it should be noted that the first structure was carried out with the design spectrum with reduction factor R=6, while in the structure with the inclusion of dissipaters, 3 pairs of seismic records were used, which were scaled for the same earthquake without the reduction factor. Subsequently, the budget of the conventional structure and the structure with SLB dissipators was obtained taking into account some items used in the construction, which allowed us to make an economic comparison and through this to know the percentage of increase in the cost between the two models proposed. Finally, it is concluded that the SLB energy dissipaters provide a better structural behavior when subjected to a seismic event, decreasing both the drifts and the displacements of the structure; furthermore, these devices dissipate a great amount of energy from the total of the structure, that said, all the damage is received by the dissipaters.Item Análisis y diseño estructural del edificio Mushuc Runa de diez pisos en estructura metálica, mediante comparación del análisis estático lineal, modal, estático no lineal (Pushover), dinámico no-lineal (historia de respuesta), y diseño estructural en concordancia con el AISC 341-16, AISC 358-16, e incidencia en las condiciones actuales de la edificación(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Argüello Freire, César Hipólito; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge PatricioThe degree work in question consists of analyzing, through non-linear mathematical models, the seismic vulnerability of a building built in 2018 with structural steel (A572 GR 50) and a height of 9 floors with respect to the road. Likewise, the structural design carried out in 2017 (prior to construction), and compared with international standards, specifically those described in ANSI - AISC 341-16, 358s-16, 360-16, ASCE 41-13, FEMA 440, FEMA 273. The company AyF, Consultoría y Construcción provided all the necessary documents to carry out a correct seismic performance analysis; among the most important: mathematical model of analysis and structural design prepared in 2017, as-built plans prepared at the end of the work in 2018, ultrasound tests on welds, material quality certificates, architectural plans, among others. In this way and with all the documentation available, the expected results were obtained through nonlinear analysis (NSP) and (NDP), comparing maximum displacements, floor drifts, shear forces, formation of plastic hinges, failure, hysteresis diagrams and amount of energy dissipation; in this way, the level of seismic performance and the seismic vulnerabilityxviii of the structure were obtained for a design earthquake of 475 years of return period (earthquake considered due to the type of building) and it is expected that the civil works in question resist the design earthquake and is between the Operational – Functional states. Within the resilience rating with respect to FEMA P-58-1, the category that corresponds to the current system is "GOLD", where 10 percent damage and 4 weeks of occupation time are expected. Likewise, a comparison was made of the design carried out prior to construction (2017), with respect to the analysis carried out in this document; therefore, the dimensioning of cross sections used in the different structural members is justified. It should be noted that practical results have been obtained for the structural analysis specifically to the value related to the coefficient R (coefficient of seismic reduction) and that they can be extrapolated to different scenarios.Item Análisis estático no lineal (Push Over) de los talleres de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica y de la Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial, con aisladores sísmicos, ubicadas en el campus Huachi de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) López Sánchez, Byron Leonardo; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThis research work presents a comparative analysis of the structural behavior of a conventional structure and another with the implementation of seismic isolators, which are devices that allow the building to deform elastically and dissipate energy during the occurrence of earthquakes of considerable magnitude. The structures analyzed were the workshops of the faculties of: Civil and Mechanical Engineering and Systems, Electronics and Industrial Engineering and they are classified as special according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), and present a structural system of special earthquake resistant gantries made of hot rolled steel with stiffening diagonals, they are also used as laboratories for the production area and as a higher education center.xxiii As a first study, a linear analysis of the structures was performed to verify their current state by analyzing their vibration period, displacements and permissible drifts, then a non-linear static analysis was performed to determine their seismic performance, and then the isolation system was pre-dimensioned. It was designed taking as a priority the ASCE/SEI 7-10 standard, the dead loads of the building plus 30 percent of the live load above the isolation system and based on the information provided by the manufacturer. It should be taken into account that there are a large number of options of anti-seismic devices to improve the performance and behavior of a structure; in this case study, the lead core elastomeric isolator (LRB) was chosen. Subsequently, all the established limits such as drifts, shear and displacements were verified, taking into account the provisions of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. For the workshop of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering with isolated base, the floor drifts were reduced by 64 percent compared to the structure without isolation, for the basal shear and horizontal displacements a reduction of 73 and 51 percent respectively, likewise for the workshop of the Faculty of Systems, Electronics and Industrial Engineering the floor drifts, shear and displacement were reduced by 69, 74 and 63 percent respectively.Item Análisis del efecto hidrodinámico de líquidos en movimiento aplicado a edificios con piscinas en azoteas sometidos a sismos intensos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-01) Rumipamba Pullugando, Viviana Elizabeth; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoIn the present research work three-dimensional mathematical models based on finite elements of a regular 12 level arched building in reinforced concrete were constructed, considering the hydrodynamic effects and not including them, for comparative purposes. The hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads were established according to the ACI 350.3-06 Standard based on the model developed by Newmark - Rosenblueth. In defining the seismic demand, the design spectrum of the NEC-SE-DS 2015 and 3 pairs of accelerograms duly selected, scaled and adjusted to the design spectrum were used. The comparative study is carried out by applying linear elastic analysis of equivalent lateral force (FLE) and modal-spectral, as well as the dynamic response of the models is evaluated by applying Nonlinear Response History Analysis (NLRHA). The results obtained show that when incorporating the hydrodynamic effect in the models, considerable variations are observed in the modal parameters such as periods. Additionally, there is an increase in forces, displacements, velocity and accelerations; as well as a greater degree of damage and the number of structural elements that enter inelastically.Item Evaluación del desempeño sísmico del edificio de la Oscus mediante comparación del análisis estático no lineal (Pushover), análisis estático modal (Pushover Multimodal) y dinámico no-lineal (Historia de Respuesta).(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Galarza Altamirano, Daniela Alexandra; Medina Robalino, Christian DavidFor this investigation, in first instance the structural plans of the building "Oscus" were obtained, in addition the resistance to compression of concrete was obtained by means of sclerometric tests, the current regulations in the year of construction was the Ecuadorian Code of Construction (CEC-77 in base of ACI 318-71). Based on this information, the building was modeled in three dimensions in Etabs 2016 software, considering non-linearity parameters. For the definition of the demand, the response spectrum and appropriately selected accelerograms were used, adjusted and scaled according to the NEC-SE-DS for an earthquake with probability of exceeding 50 years of 10% . Necessary information was gathered from publications such as: FEMA-440, FEMA- 356 and ATC-40 in addition to scientific articles. Non-linear seismic analysis procedures were performed, such as: Time History (NL-RHA), Pushover (NSP) and Multimodal Pushover (MPA), by defining their respective modal cases, once the analysis was finished, the results were processed. , which were compared in terms of displacements, drifts, capacity and level of damage, where it was possible to detect some deficiencies, limitations, advantages and disadvantages of the analyzes. Of the alternative seismic analysis methodologies studied, the one that produces the smallest errors is the MPA analysis, for this reason, it is concluded that it is the most appropriate. The three analyzes determined that the structure reaches its maximum displacement before fulfilling its objective displacement which means a great inconsistency in its seismic performance demonstrating its high vulnerability and risk of possible collapse.