Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación del funcionamiento de la planta de Tratamiento de aguas residuales del sector valle Mulinliví de la parroquia la victoria, perteneciente al Cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Veintimilla Herrera, Marcos Adán; Cañizares Proaño, Byron GenaroThe present experimental work is focused on the evaluation of the correct operation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), located in the parish of La Victoria; for which the national and international regulations in force were used, since the treated water flows into a dry creek located in an area that is undergoing population and commercial growth. First, a general information survey was carried out: location, on-site visits, etc. In addition to the aforementioned, flow measurements were taken in the influent and effluent for 30 consecutive days, using the concepts and techniques recommended by Metcalf & Eddy. It was also necessary to collect composite samples in the inflow and outflow using the standards and techniques established in the Standard Methods for the Analysis of Drinking and Waste Water (SMWW); to transport the samples to a laboratory using the NTE INEN 2 169:1998 standard. With the results obtained in the laboratory, which gives us to know the physical, chemical and biological properties of the water under study, we proceeded to compare with the limits allowed by the TULSMA to discharge treated water into a body of fresh water, complemented with a technical analysis of the dimensions of the existing treatment units, with the minimum design parameters recommended by CONAGUA and PAHO, viable alternatives are proposed, which generate a solution to the treatment system, such as implementing: A split tank with bypass, a FAFA and a sludge drying bed.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del sector Santa Teresita de la parroquia Ciudad Nueva perteneciente al cantón Santiago de Píllaro, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Rosero Carrillo, Marlon Washington; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the current operation of the wastewater treatment plant in the community of Santa Teresita, in the canton of Píllaro, province of Tungurahua, thus improving the quality of life of the inhabitants of the area. The first step was to collect information on the operation of the treatment plant, then the flow rates of the influent and effluent were measured using the volumetric method for thirty consecutive days to reduce the existing error according to the statistical analysis established for the representative sample of the sector, which allowed the maximum hourly flow rate to be determined for the diagnosis of the WWTP. Once the day with the highest flow rate was determined, samples of the influent and effluent wastewater were taken to carry out the pollutant load analysis at the UNACH Laboratory, whose results for COD is 137 mg/l and BOD5 is 70 mg/l, which showed that the WWTP units: desander, upflow anaerobic reactor, upflow anaerobic filter and sludge drying bed comply with the maximum parameters established in the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of Environment (TULSMA, Book VI, Annex 1 - Table 9). Once the current operation of the WWTP was evaluated, an operation and management plan for the units of the WWTP was made, establishing measures that will improve and increase its useful life, providing plans and budget for its execution.Item Rediseño de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad Chiquicha centro perteneciente al cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Fabián Rodrigo, 2022-09) Morales Medina, Sofía Daniela; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe purpose of this research was the redesign of the Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Chiquicha Centro community in Pelileo, Tungurahua province, which has been in operation since 2012 and has had a poor performance in its residual treatment water, evidenced by the turbidity of the effluent, structural deterioration in each decontaminating unit and vegetation presence. This methodology has integrated documentary investigation such as direct observation and interviews to collect information regarding the study area. In the same way, through fieldwork, the inlet and outlet flow of the plant was measured, and with the experimental method, a sampling of the residual liquid was carried out, which was subjected to a physical-chemical analysis so determined that most of the Polluting parameters exceeded the permissible limit for discharge as stipulated in the current environmental regulations of the country. Using the descriptive method, the operation of the purification station was diagnosed according to design guidelines of the World Health Organization, the National Water Commission and the Water Secretariat, demonstrating that this plant does not operate efficiently. For this reason, a new purification scheme has been proposed with a pretreatment design that includes screening, sand trap, and grease tank; It continues to a septic tank, two up-flow anaerobic filters, and a redesigned sludge drying bed. The results ensured the full implementation of the proposal, an optimal process for removing contaminants and improving the living conditions of the communityItem Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales Mollepamba de la parroquia Picaihua, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-07) Llamuca Galeas, Christian Daniel; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present work was conducted to establish if the wastewater treatment plant “Mollepamba” is performing the task for which it was designed and built. The evaluation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) began with the collection of information regarding its current units (Sandblaster, Primary Sedimentation Tank and Anaerobic Up flow filter). The maximum, average and minimum flows of entry to the plant were also determined and the collection of samples of the wastewater form both the affluent and the effluent were conducted for subsequent laboratory analysis. Once the results of the analysis were obtained, the incorrect functioning of the WWTP could be observed, since the values of the effluent parameters exceeded the maximum permissible stipulated in the TULSMA 2015 for the discharge of wastewater into freshwater bodies, in addition, in many cases, the pollutant load of the effluent was also greater than that of the affluent. On the other hand, after verifying the sizing of the current units of the WWTP, it was determined that these do not fulfill the minimum conditions and requirements stipulated in current regulations and design manuals. With the aim of improving the performance of the “Mollepamba” WWTP, a resizing of its units and the incorporation of other elements such as an input grid is proposed, a Parshall canal and a sludge drying bed, which will help reduce the pollutant load that reaches the receiving body (Pachanlica River).Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad Hualcanga San Luis, cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-06) Benalcázar Aguas, Emilio Andrés; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe purpose of the present work was to evaluate the current operation of the wastewater treatment plant in the community of Hualcanga San Luis, Quero canton, Tungurahua’s province. For this purpose, an inspection of the facilities was made, and then the inlet and outlet flow rates were measured using the volumetric method for seven consecutive days. This made it possible to determine the maximum and minimum flows with which the WWTP works. Once these flows were measured, wastewater samples were taken. These samples were sent to the Environmental Services Laboratory of the UNACH´s University for analysis of the pollutant load. The results showed that the current processes: distribution tank, septic tank, sludge drying bed and ascending biological filter do not meet the maximum removal parameters established in the TULSMA 2015 standard. Once the current operation of the WWTP was evaluated, a redesign of the current stages and the design of new stages were carried out, which are: desander and an oil and grease trap. These improvements together with the redesigned stages will allow the plant to operate correctly, respecting the values allowed by the regulations, because at present the discharge of these waters is a source of pollution for the environment. Finally, a maintenance and operation plan was proposed to ensure that the WWTP functions optimally.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la parroquia San Andrés, cantón Píllaro provincia Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Tamay Chiluiza, Karina Belén; Núñez Aldás, Galo WilfridoIn the present experimental work, the evaluation was carried out in order to determine if the treated water that is discharged into the river complies with the TULSMA 2015 standard, which is why it began with the gathering of the information of the entire sector where the PTAR; Data collection on the effluent and effluent flows was carried out, the residual water was sampled at the entry and exit points to the PTAR for the analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics that were processed in a laboratory. Subsequently, a comparison was made with the water discharge parameters established by TULSMA 2015 where it was possible to verify that the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO) do not comply with the provisions of current regulations, for so it was decided to look for a proposal that would allow to improve the mentioned parameters. With the results obtained, an analysis was carried out according to the degree of actual removal to perform a recalculation of its geometric properties in order to give a definitive diagnosis of the current state of the PTAR and it was found that they allow to improve the BOD and COD of the water treated before final discharge, which includes: screening, sand trap, inhoff tank, trickling filter, fafa, sludge drying bed and a disinfection plant. Additionally, an operation and maintenance plan was implemented that efficiently fulfills the purpose for which said PTAR was designed.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la parroquia el Corazón, cantón Pangue, provincia Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Pillapa Ponluisa, Jorge Daniel; Maldonado Narváez, Lenin RafaelIn the present experimental work, the evaluation was carried out in order to determine if the treated water that is discharged into the river complies with the TULSMA 2015 standard, which is why it began with the gathering of the information of the entire sector where the WWTP; Data collection on the effluent and effluent flows was carried out, the residual water was sampled at the entry and exit points to the WWTP for the analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics that were processed in a laboratory. Subsequently, a comparison was made with the water discharge parameters established by TULSMA 2015 where it was possible to verify that the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO) do not comply with the provisions of current regulations, for so it was decided to look for a proposal that would allow to improve the mentioned parameters. With the results obtained, an analysis was carried out according to the degree of actual removal to perform a recalculation of its geometric properties in order to give a definitive diagnosis of the current state of the WWTP and it was found that they allow to improve the BOD and COD of the water treated before final discharge, which includes: screening, sand trap, inhoff tank, trickling filter, fafa, sludge drying bed and a disinfection plant. Additionally, an operation and maintenance plan was implemented that efficiently fulfills the purpose for which said WWTP was designed.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la parroquia Poatug, cantón Patate, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020) Izurieta Pazmiño, Víctor Hugo; Maldonado Narvaez, Lenin RafaelIn the present experimental project, the Evaluation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in Poatug Parish of the Patate City in Tungurahua province was carried out with the objective of verify whether it is fulfilling the purpose for which it was built properly. The evaluation of the WWTP of the Poatug Parish began with a research of information of the WWTP of this current state. The flow of residual water is determined both at the entrance and at the exit of the WWTP and the important hours in which greater and lesser amount of residual water enters the WWTP during the day. In addition, a sample of the wastewater from the WWTP was conducted, which was analyzed in a certify laboratory in order to determine the contaminant load that is treated in the plant and compare with the parameters for wastewater discharges in rivers established in the TULSMA 2015. The current treatment process was evaluated (primary sedimentation, septic tank, Anaerobic Upstream Flow Filter and sludge drying bed) used to remove contaminants present in the incoming wastewater and it is found that it only removes approximately 40% of contaminants, which indicated that the WWTP is not working properly. On the other hand, it was found that several of its hydraulic structures are not maintained with the parameters established in the design manuals of the treatment plants. Finally, it is proposed to incorporate a new treatment process (inlet box, screening, sand trap, Anaerobic Upstream Flow Filter and sludge drying bed) so that the wastewater treated in the WWTP theoretically removes about 90% of the contaminants in an efficient way. On the other hand, an Operation and Maintenance Plan proposed so that the WWTP will have a proper functioning.Item Diseño de un sistema de riego por aspersión, incorporando estructuras de tratamiento preventivo, con un manual de operación y mantenimiento, en la comunidad “El Galpón”, cantón Salcedo, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Caiza Changoluisa, Alex Mauricio; Paredes Beltrán, Bolívar Eduardo