Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de la fibra de coco como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la curtiembre Moyolsa, ubicada en la parroquia Pishilata de la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Yanza Guanina, Jimena del Pilar; Acosta Lozada, Rodrigo IvánIn the present experimental project, the efficiency of the coconut fiber used as packaging material in biofiltration processes was determined. For which it was necessary to analyze the physical-chemical parameters of the wastewater such as: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Hexavalent Chromium Cr + 6 present both in the unfiltered water and in the water filtered by the proposed method. A cavity was used in the biofilter to contain the coconut fiber obtained in an artisanal way, said cavity is in the lower part of a metal structure and is supplied with residual water by a tank placed in the same structure in the upper part of the structure. The implantation of the biofilter was carried out within the industry and its operation was controlled during a period of 82 days, in which seven samples were taken, six of these samples correspond to filtered water and one sample to the unfiltered water. , which were analyzed in a specialized laboratory and the concentration values obtained from each parameter served to know the useful life of the coconut fiber as well as to determine the efficiency of the biofiltration process. The values obtained were compared with the discharge limits to a sewerage system and with the discharge limits to a freshwater channel, established by the Unified Legislation of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment (TULSMA). Going to determine that the use of coconut fiber in biofiltration processes contributes to the reduction of BOD5 and COD concentration although these do not comply with the discharge limits established by the TULSMA.Item Análisis de la fibra de coco como material filtrante en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la lavadora y lubricadora de autos “Izurieta” ubicada en el cantón Cevallos provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Navas Franco, Alex Neptali; Maldonado Narvaez, Lenin RafaelThe pilot project was carried out several chemical physical analysis of residual water from the Lubricator and washing of cars "Izurieta" Located in the canton Cevallos Province of Tungurahua, was carried out before and after filtration process. "The parameters considered in the analysis are DBO5, DQO, oils and greases. For the development of the experiment, was the filter from the organic material obtained from coconut fiber, which was carved, cut into small parts of 1 - 2 cm, and was later dried for 3 weeks. The filter has been running for 90 days, sampling was carried out every 10 days, which were analyzed in a specialized laboratory and with the standard technique Ecuadorian INEN. In the first week a full analysis was performed before and after the process of filtration and later 8 later analysis. The efficiency of the filter will be reflected in the results of analyses performed before the filtration process, compared with the first analysis and the latter performed at 90 days of operation of the filter check that the useful life of the filter is more durable. As a final conclusion I can indicate that "coconut fiber" experimental filter decreases values of DBO5, DQO, oils and gauzes checking that the value is within the limits of download to the public sewerage system.Item Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster con fibra de coco para la determinación de propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Mazón Ortiz, Gabriel Eduardo; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThe present experimental project is based on the determination of mechanical properties of a composite material based on polyester resin reinforced with coconut fiber, in various configurations, fiber volumetric fraction and stratification, in order to establish the ideal combination that provides the best Mechanical properties of the composite for the most suitable application in the industry. Flexural, tensile and impact tests were developed under ASTM-3039, ASTM-7264 and ASTM-5628 standards. The specimens were made in a welded steel matrix, with dimensions specified in standards, with a surface finish suitable for the perfect development of the test specimens, the resin was prepared in conjunction with MECK at 2% of its volume, And the fiber was manually extracted from dried coconuts with a cleaning treatment with Sodium Hydroxide. The data were tabulated and their selection of the best combination of the samples made being the best combination of short fiber at 30% in volumetric fraction, in random orientation and manual stratification, presenting good mechanical properties, an acceptable energy absorption in the tests and good distribution of stress throughout the material The industrial applications found for our material were seen in the realm of the construction industry, the furniture industry and the automotive industry.Item Adición de la fibra de coco en el hormigón y su incidencia en la resistencia a compresión(2015-12) Rojas Torres, Ángel Modesto; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethEl hormigón elaborado a base de la fibra de coco con una dosificación de 210 kg/cm2 dio aproximadamente el 92 % de su resistencia requerida, es por eso que además de su buena resistencia se lo considera un hormigón liviano debido a su baja densidad obtenida. El reforzamiento del concreto mediante fibras, mejora la tenacidad de la matriz, evitando las fisuras en el concreto. Para conseguir la fibra de coco es muy fácil ya que la mayoría de fábricas e industrias se encuentra ubicadas en la zona costa del Ecuador. En la ciudad de Ambato de igual forma existen varios comerciantes de productos de coco donde se puede obtener la fibra. Para esto se recicla la fibra de coco desechados por pequeños comerciantes, la cual se recolectó un aproximado de 350 kg de fibra por persona en el día, una vez recolectada la fibra se procede a curar con cal, se coloca 10 gr de cal por cada litro de agua, luego se coloca la fibra seca al barril con la lechada de cal dejando allí durante 48 horas y finalmente se enjagua y se procede a secar en ambiente. Se calculó la dosificación para un hormigón de 210 kg/cm2, añadiendo el porcentaje de fibra y quitando el mismo porcentaje del agregado fino. Para realizar los cilindros de hormigón con fibra de coco, se procede a pesar los materiales y se va mezclando hasta que el hormigón cumpla con la medida de la consistencia con el cono de abrams: INEN 1578 – ASTM C 143. Se ensayó los cilindros que permanecieron en la cámara de curado durante 7 días, 14 días, 21 días, 28 días, en lo cual cumpliendo los 28 días de edad del hormigón, dio como resultado una resistencia de 205.73 kg/cm2 y una densidad de 1770.96 kg/ en conclusión este tipo de hormigón liviano y resistente se lo puede utilizar para la elaboración de aceras y bordillos.