Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Incidencia y eficiencia del uso de conexiones no precalificadas, ni ensayadas experimentalmente, en el desempeño de estructuras metálicas en el Ecuador; tipos y pseudo - criterios
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Toapanta Molina, Álvaro Santiago; López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo
    Structural engineering has undergone major changes as a result of the need to innovate and create new building methods, likewise, changing from conventional materials to materials with better structural behavior in the face of seismic events as a starting point, which several professionals prioritize in their designs. So, currently Home Boulding, buildings, bridges and others are built with structural steel elements, a material that has been very popular in the industry in recent years. However, several of the systems used lack design criteria or do not obey the demands for load request and seismic effects, which are established in international and national standards (AISC, FEMA and NEC). This research work analyzes the use of A36 steel in Beam-column Connection for buildings, made of tubular sections, with dimensions taken from a real structural system (SMF). The type of connection is also evaluated, using for this a welding cord with E6011 electrodes, which does not meet design criteria for qualified connections, since the filler material and type of welding are not those recommended by the reference standards in this research. Connections that are very often used in steel structures in our environment. The connection proposed in this work is then prioritized to determine if it meets the requirements of the AISC 341-16 and AISC 358-16 standard, for prequalified connections, by analyzing the behavior of 5 full-scale connection prototypes subjected to load cycles. By controlling the drift angle produced between the beam and the column, as recommended by FEMA 350 for loading protocols. One of the prototypes or specimens is used to determine the ultimate strength before connection failure occurs, what is known as a monotonic laterally loaded testing. The hysteresis curves of the prototypes tested relative to the moment vs the angle of drift or rotation (0.04 rad) defined in the loading protocol should be at least 80% of the probable moment, calculated according to the mechanical properties of the material of the elements. With the data obtained experimentally and verifying compliance with the prequalification parameters of the beam-column connection, the comparative analysis of results is carried out, with a mathematical model that uses finite elements for its development (ANSYS), likewise the unitary deformations reached are shown., by means of the software mentioned and the data thrown by the strain gauges, located near the welding cord in the connection. Conclusions, this type of connections in Ecuador have not been tested and are not prequalified either, leaving a precedent on their efficiency and impact on construction, for those professionals who use them.
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    Análisis de la geometría y del rendimiento de una turbina de flujo radial para el estudio de fluidos de trabajo en un ciclo orgánico Rankine usando distintos recursos renovables de baja entalpía (Solar-Biomasa-Geotérmica)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Almache Jiménez, Alex Andrés; Moya Pinta, Diego Armando
    The present experimental project is focused on studying the renewable resources available in the province of Tungurahua (solar-biomass-geothermal). The project is based on determining the characteristics of each renewable resource for using within a Rankine Organic Cycle. In order to take advantage of its energy potential for micro generation, by using a radial flow turbine. And the use of computer tools, such as the ANSYS Software Academic and the EES Software Academic, with the purpose of simplifying the analysis and obtaining reliable results. First, the Rankine Organic Cycle analysis was performed using different configurations in the cycle. For instance, the use of a single renewable resource, such as heat source inside of evaporator. In addition to this, it was carried out the hybridization of renewable resources, by using one and two heat sources to preheat the working fluid before arriving to the evaporator in order to increase the thermal performance of the cycle and its power. The thermal power for being used as a heat source was determined by taking advantage of the daily global irradiation on the surface of the Tungurahua province for the solar resource. In the case of the biomass resource, the quantity of biomass resource transformed to biogas was determined, through the treatment of sludge available in the wastewater treatment plant of Ambato city, located in the Las Viñas place. Finally, for the geothermal resource the use of geothermal water available in the thermal sources of the "Virgin" in Baños de Agua Santa city was determined. In the thermodynamic study of the cycle, three different working fluids, determined by the temperature of the renewable resource were used. Likewise, the mass flow of these was calculated for each configuration of the cycle in order to obtain data such as pressures, enthalpies and temperatures at each point of the cycle. It is worth mentioning that the EES software Academic was used for this analysis, since it has a large base of thermo-physical properties of different working fluids. Moreover, different geometries of radial turbines were analyzed. These geometries were sized and designed using tools available in the ANSYS software Academic. Also, this software allowed us to perform the analysis of different working fluids in each geometry by simulating them. Obtaining results such as the power of the turbine; pressures, temperatures and kinetic energy of turbulence in the blade of the turbine.
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    Diseño por elementos finitos de una roto bomba accionada con una turbina Pelton para riego de cultivos en los sectores vulnerables
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017-10) Valencia Chávez, Cristian Javier; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    The present work of investigation is about the design of a Pelton turbine that works with conditions of net jump of 45 m and flow of 0.05 m3 / s, was realized with the module CFD to determine the conditions of operation like pressure, speed, turbulence. In the design of the turbine consists of the geometry of the spoons, the dimensions of the impeller, injector, injector needle and mechanical dimensioning of the turbine shaft. The CFD analysis was performed taking into account the considerations that the turbine works with biphasic flow, ie there is presence of water and air, was used rotating mesh to rotate the impeller, stationary mesh for injectors and part of the Case. A study was carried out on the convergence of the mesh and its influence on the results, as well as the different models of turbulence available. These results were validated by calculating the efficiency of the turbine and the triangle of velocities at the exit of the turbine spoons, obtaining errors of 12.19% and 8.43%, respectively.
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    Estudio del comportamiento mecánico de una sección de la superestructura del autobús interprovincial marca Miral Infiniti en chasis Hino Ak sometida a volcadura, mediante los programas Ansys Ls-Dyna y su incidencia en el espacio de supervivencia
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2013) Arroba Arroba, César Hernán; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    La investigación de basa en la simulación del ensayo de vuelco en una sección de la superestructura del Autobús de servicio interprovincial fabricado por Miral Autobuses mediante los software, Ansys y Ls-Dyna para determinar si la configuración de la superestructura garantiza que el espacio de supervivencia determinado por el Reglamento CEPE/ONU 66 no es invadido al finalizar el ensayo. Para realizar el ensayo de vuelco primero se caracterizó el material que utiliza Miral Autobuses en la fabricación de la superestructura del autobús determinando propiedades mecánicas que son necesarios para el software Ls-Dyna. Se realiza una validación de resultados emitidos por Ls-Dyna simulando los ensayos de tracción, flexión, y flexión de una sección del pórtico y comparando con los resultados de ensayos físicos realizados en la maquina universal. Se efectúa la simulación de la sección de la superestructura del autobús para determinar si el espacio de supervivencia es invadido, encontrando oportunidades de mejora, realizando un rediseño de la superestructura que cumpla con la normativa NTE INEN 1323 y Reglamento_n°_66_(CEPE/ONU).