Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/898
Browse
12 results
Search Results
Item Desarrollo del proceso de fabricación para la obtención de sorbetes biodegradables.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Manjarrez Ocaña, Edwin Andrés; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe growing concern about environmental pollution caused by single-use plastics has driven the search for biodegradable alternatives. This project addresses this issue by developing a process to manufacture biodegradable straws that reduce environmental impact. The use of materials such as sugarcane bagasse was prioritized due to its availability, low cost, and biodegradable properties, along with its versatility and low carbon footprint, aligning with global sustainability trends and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The development process included an exhaustive review of the scientific and technical literature to identify suitable materials and evaluate the most efficient manufacturing methods. The extrusion method was selected as the main technique, given its ability to process the chosen materials and its adaptability in the industry. As part of the project, a single-screw extruder machine was designed, optimized to produce up to 2 kg/hour of biodegradable straws. The design focused on the efficiency of the process and the proper configuration of the extrusion system, ensuring continuous and uniform production with low resource consumption. The results of the study showed that the combination of sugarcane bagasse and cassava starch allows obtaining biodegradable straws with characteristics suitable for use in the food industry. The designed machine meets the requirements of sustainable production, ensuring economic viability, industrial scalability, and reduction of plastic waste. In addition to promoting technological innovation and supporting the transition towards a circular economy.Item Obtención de un material biodegradable impermeable para su utilización en vajilla desechable(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Hurtado Salazar, Nelson Enrique; Molina Guerrero, Javier Alexander; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueIn recent years, industrialized nations have seen a significant increase in the production of household waste, likewise, the growing environmental awareness and the demand for sustainable alternatives have generated the need to develop biodegradable and waterproof materials that allow for environmentally friendly elements. A waterproof biodegradable material was obtained for use in disposable tableware, under an experimental methodology and a series of tests were carried out; hardness, flexure and impact, and waterproof and degradability testing, comprehensively addressing the challenges associated with obtaining this material; using the necessary international and national standards to ensure that the result is a valid option, which meets the requirements and parameters necessary to ensure people's food safety. In addition, a simulation of the behavior of the plate was carried out in a specific software, determining its maximum deformation, placing the maximum force obtained from the tests and indicating the fixed clamping conditions so that the plate does not present any displacement and achieve optimal results. The results allow us to assert that sugarcane bagasse has a lower resistance; These values were similar for the bending, impact and hardness test without the application of a waterproof film. Last but not least, for the issue of impermeability, the food grade film was applied where it yielded similar results for the final product, with rice husk being the best biodegradable and waterproof material.Item Comportamiento a flexión del hormigón tradicional frente a un hormigón en base a PET reciclado y fibras de bagazo de caña de azúcar(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Villacrés Yépez, Jhojaan Alexander; Castro Solorzano, Fidel AlbertoIn this experimental work the reuse of materials as they are proposed; recycled PET plastic and cane bagasse fibers, which replace a percentage of the total weight corresponding to coarse aggregate, in the dosage and elaboration of traditional concrete beams. The technical, economic and environmental behavior of the proposal was analyzed through controlled bending laboratory tests and its cost comparison of these alternative materials compared to traditional ones in the local market. Technically, it was found that the traditional concrete specimens reinforced with 5 and 7 percent recycled PET plastic have mechanical properties according to the NTE-INEN standard for non-structural elements. The cane bagasse fibers did not meet the standards, with a maximum of 1.5 percent fiber addition being the best result. The economic analysis showed that concrete with PET reinforcements is competitive with traditional concrete.Item Análisis del bagazo de la caña de azúcar como filtro en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales provenientes de la lavadora de jeans “Lavaclassic”, ubicada en la ciudad de Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Quilligana Chifla, Luis Rogelio; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánThe objective of this experimental project is to evaluate the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse as a filtering material in the pretreatment of wastewater from a jeans washing machine, in a monitoring period of 90 days, during which time it is sought to reduce the levels of pollution levels of the BOD5, COD and color parameters. For this it was necessary to know and analyze the infrastructure and operation of the industry, as well as it was necessary to determine the flow of consumption and output. To determine the efficiency of the material, the collection and analysis of samples of raw wastewater filtered and filtered every 10 days randomly. The results of the raw wastewater analysis were; BOD5 (217mg / l), COD (620mg / l) and color (3860Uptco) while the lowest results of the filtered residual water were BOD5 (28mg / l), COD (66mg / l) and color (598Upt- co), comparing these values, a considerable decrease in the levels of contamination of the three parameters is observed. During the entire filtering process, a material change was made, since the results of the filtered water analysis approached the maximum values allowed by the TULSMA standard. With the results obtained, the efficiency of the material was calculated, obtaining the highest values on day 20 after having made the material change, where the efficiency was 87.10% in the removal of BOD5, 89.35% in the COD removal and 84% removal of color. In addition, the material was characterized using the scanning electron microscope TESCAN VEGA3, with which it was observed that this material has good adsorbent properties. Although the efficiency of the material did not remain high throughout the filtration process, it concludes that sugarcane bagasse is a material that can be used as a filter for the pretreatment of the effluents coming from the jeans washing machines, duringa 30 days’ time period.Item Análisis del bagazo de la caña de azúcar como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la industria de lácteos “Lácteos Valenzuela Divino Niño” de la provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón Saquisilí(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Toapanta Molina, Álvaro Santiago; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoIn the present work try to evaluate the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse in the pre-treatment of a residual milk effluent; for the development of the work was taken a period of 90 days, which estimated a residual flow of (0.13ltrs / sec) and a final volume = 4680ltrs / Labor day, corresponding a volume of milk waste = 360ltrs / Labor day; the following initial concentrations of Oils and Fats (1324mg / l), BOD5 (2631mg / l) and COD (5560mg / l) are present. The purifying capacity of the filter material is determined by a sampling of filtered water for analysis every 10 days, and by means of the results obtained, establish the time to be replaced, also by through of a microscopic sweep observe the degenerative process of the material. The maximum efficiencies achieved are around: 30.55% (Oils and Fats), 81.07% (BOD5) and 79.78% (COD), during the first 60 days, from there it is necessary to have more accurate and realistic results due to the inconsistent dispersion that can result in the sampling when the industrial production varies in working day and final byproduct, so in the last 30 days of treatment only the BOD5 (relevant parameter) of the waste water treated is analyzed and without treatment from the same collection and generative process of the day defined for sampling, with a filter riverbed change every 10 days. Getting a real average efficiency of 55.97%, and a microscopic sweep revealing a morphological structure dominated by surface wear, pores totally sealed by solid milk residues at micrometric level, separated near-smooth fibers creating gaps between them and even the presence of microorganisms . That said, it establishes a functional useful life of the filter media very short (30 days) and a greater efficiency during the initial 10 days of continuous filtration, in addition it emphasizes the relation cost / benefit being the material suitable for a pre-treatment or tertiary treatment although the adsorbate and adsorbent are of the same type (organic) giving way to a rapid degradationItem Análisis del bagazo de caña como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes del Camal Municipal de la ciudad del Puyo, provincia de Pastaza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Curipallo Quispe, María Belén; Guevara Robalino, Jorge JavierFor the development of the project, as a place of study was chosen a slaughterhouse, where was obtained the wastewater necessary for the verification of the efficiency of the filter during operation. With regard to the experimental design, it has been made a wooden structure of 2m of height, which served as a support for a tank of 208.20 lt where was placed the effluent collected, which through a line of 1 m came to the filter, the filter material was sugar cane bagasse previously washed and dried in the sun. To ensure the continuing operation of the filter flow rate used was of 0,105 lt/min. During the 91 days of the filtration process, were obtained 9 samples of filtered water and 1 sample of unfiltered water. For later analyze parameters of great importance such as: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO) and total suspended solids (SST), to each of the samples. In order to guarantee the reliability of the results, the analyzes were carried out in an accredited laboratory. Once they are obtained and analyzed the results, proceeded to compare them with the values of permissible limits specified in the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment (TULSMA). According to the permissible limits only the concentration of SST achieved a decrease below the limit of 130 mg/lt that specified by the standard, while the parameters of DBO5 and DQO in spite of not getting concentrations lower than those specified, 100 mg/l and 200 mg/lt respectively, obtained significant decreases in comparison with the wastewater sample without filter. Based on the results, of the filter recorded greater efficiency to 95% for DBO5 and DQO, and more than 65% for SST. So check the effectiveness of the material to decrease the levels of contamination present in the waste water from a slaughterhouse.Item Análisis del bagazo de caña de azúcar como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la curtiembre Los Tres Juanes, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Ger Zuleta, Jessica Estefanía; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present work was performed a biofiltration system with bagasse of sugar cane, in the treatment of effluents from a tannery, for the evaluation of the same was proceeded to characterize the biodegradability of the initial and final wastewater of the filtra t ion process, considering various types of chemical physical analysis such as: Biochemica l Oxygen Demand (DBO5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO), and Hexavale nt Chromium. The monitoring of the filter was developed in a time of 90 days, the sampling was performed once every ten days approximately, completing 10 samples, one before and nine after the filtration process, which were analyzed in the laboratories of Lacquaanálisis S.A. The results of the analyzes will determine the efficiency of the filter, comparing with the first unfiltered analysis, will also be verified if they comply with the permiss ible limits stipulated in the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment (TULSMA). After analyzing the results, it was determined that sugar cane bagasse as a filter material contributed to a small percentage of the removal of the parameters mentioned above.Item Determinación de la influencia del bagazo de caña de azúcar como agregado orgánico en la resistencia a la compresión de bloques para mampostería liviana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Narváez Guevara, Jairo Alberto; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe purpose of using cane bagasse fibers as an organic aggregate in the manufacture of light masonry, responds to the need toencourage the use of alternative materials, as well as improving the physical and mechanical characteristics of traditional blocks. For this experimental work, a blend of bagasse fibers and an elaborate dosage for light masonry blocks were prepared that meet the requirements established in 316 [1], 639 [2] and 643 [3]: Type E Blocks Nominal dimensions 40cm x 20cm x 15cm. The fibers were treated by continuous water flow for the removal of the cane's sugars, then they were cut to obtain fibers with 1 "and 2" length, which were homogeneously distributed within the blend in percentages between 0.5 % and 2.0% depending on the weight of the cement. Regarding the properties of fresh concrete with added fibers, relatively low variations were observed in relation to those presented by the concrete used for the control samples. Both workability and consistency were significantly affected by the addition of maximum fiber percentages, especially in those with longer fibers. A clear decrease in weight was found as the percentage of bagasse in the blocks increased. The water absorption capacity showed a clear increase in relation to the addition of the fibers. The results of the compressive strength tests showed that the 1 "bagasse fibers in concentrations of 0.5% to 0.75% are suitable for use as an organic aggregate for lightened blocksItem Evaluación de un filtro artesanal del efluente de una lavadora de autos a base de bagazo de caña de maíz, aserrín, ceniza de carbón vegetal y grava(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2016) Jiménez Navas, Maricela Nataly; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoItem Evaluación del nivel de eficiencia de un tratamiento primario con un filtro artesanal elaborado con bagazo de caña de azúcar, arena, ladrillo triturado y piedra pómez, para el tratamiento del efluente producido por una lavadora de autos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2016) Pazmiño Barrera, Lady Marianela; Morales Fiallos, Fabián Rodrigo