Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Determinación de las características físicas de sustancias reactivas: carbón activado, piedra caliza, turba, de origen ecuatoriano para el tratamiento de agua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-04) Cabezas Tobar, Daniel Eduardo; Mayacela Rojas, Celia MargaritaThe present technical work has the purpose of provide information on the physical and chemical properties of substances of Ecuadorian origin for water treatment and the presentation of plans for a permeability measurement system. In the first place, a bibliographic research of the properties of actived carbon, limestone and peat because of these substances have been used for the water treatmet by filtration thanks their efficiency and lower cost in relation to conventional treatment systems such as screening and sedimentation. Laboratory tests were carried out following their respective regulations, which helped us to determine the granulometry, maximum nominal size of particles, coefficient of uniformity, coefficient of curvature, coefficient of compactness, porosity, sphericity and permeability. For the preparation of the permeameter plans, the AASHTO T 215 – 70 standard was followed, wich refers to permeability of granular soils, and the Autocad 2019 program was used both for presentation of plans and 3D modeling.Item Diseño y construcción de un filtro separador de grasas y eliminador de impurezas para la lavadora comercial de Autos Lubricar con una capacidad máxima de 15 metros cúbicos mensuales en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Ambato en el período 2018-2019(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Galarza Pérez, Alberto Javier; Escobar Luna, Luis EduardoThe present technical project is based on the calculation of the dimensions of the grease trap according to the water consumption registered by the Lubricar car washer meter, establishing the dimensioning of the inlet pipes to the trap and the outlet, for ensure a constant flow avoiding overflows and ensuring the proper functioning of the filter. The volume of consumption of the washing machine was determined by the exclusive water meter that has only to wash vehicles, with a monthly consumption of 15 cubic meters, because they have pumps that minimize the consumption of water to wash vehicles. For the sizing of the grease trap the formulas of the Standard are used: OPS / CEPIS. 2003 and Norma RAS., 2000. Title E.4.3., Pág. 28, where these base the measurements of length, width and height depending on your registered consumption. The dimensions of the containers for the filtering materials were based on the hydraulic delay necessary for each material to act. Peat, volcanic stone and activated carbon were chosen as filter elements, using the width of the grease trap the length of the container was calculated. The pipes used in the grease trap are drain pipes, since there is no pressure inside them. Therefore, only the gravity and height difference between the water inlet and outlet pipes are used, in order to circulate, filter and discharge to the sewer system.Item Análisis del carbón activado como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la empresa “Curtiembre Quisapincha” del cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Mera Parra, Christian Paúl; Acosta Lozada, Rodrigo IvánThe tanning industry produces important quantities of wastewater with high pollutant load, as a result of the application of a wide range of toxic and non-toxic compounds. Therefore, this study aims to analyze activated carbon as a filter for the pretreatment of wastewater produced by the company "Curtiembre Quisapincha". The filter was placed in the facilities of the company "Curtiembre Quisapincha", with the intention of providing a degree of safety to the physical integrity of the same, the effluent was induced at a rate of 0.105 lt/min, the filtering material was granular activated carbon obtained from coconut shell, it was activated by steam. The filter was in operation for 90 days, and every 10 the filtered residual water was sampled. A record was made of the evolution of the parameters related to biodegradability, COD and BOD5, as well as a parameter linked to water quality, Cr + 6. There are three crude samples, one for each type of discharge. The effluents are tanning, unhairing and dyeing. The concentrations of these parameters were quantified by the Lacquanálisis S.A. and the LIAA-GADMA Environmental Research and Analysis Laboratory, both of which have the accreditation of the Test Laboratory granted by the Ecuadorian Accreditation Service. For the COD, a removal efficiency of 42.86% was recorded in the first 10 days of operation in sample 1 of tanning, with a final concentration of 1161 mg / l; A removal of 51.33% was also recorded after 90 days of operation in the dyeing sample 9, with a final concentration of 3694 mg / l; the rest of values indicate a null removal. For BOD5 the most favorable removal was recorded at 50 days in sample 5 of unhairing with a value of 84.03%, with a final concentration of 2478.72 mg / l; for the rest of the days, similar values were recorded and some were removed. The concentration of Cr + 6 was removed in the processed samples corresponding to tanning and dyeing, being the most favorable record the day 30 of sample 3 with a removal efficiency of 98.21%, for the tanning effluent with a concentration of 0.02 mg / lt.Item Análisis del carbón activado como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de un camal ubicado en el barrio El Porvenir del cantón Tisaleo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Escobar Peñafiel, Fernanda Lizbeth; Maldonado Narvaez, Lenin RafaelThe main objective of this work is to design a prototype filter with activated carbon to show the results obtained from a filtering process during the time of 90 days with weekly sampling, as a sample we have the sample at the beginning to the residual water as it exits the process of raw water and then compare it with the treated water through the filtration, these results will be compared every week and also compare with the permissible limits for the evacuation to the public sewer of the Book VI Annex 1: Environmental Quality Standard and effluent discharge resource: Water from the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation, Environment. The parameters that were analyzed were Oils and Fats, Biochemical Oxygen Demand in 5 days (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in a specialized laboratory, and once the results were obtained, the efficiency of the filter was verified using The percentage of removal that the water presents as time passes and it was concluded that the filter significantly decreases the parameters of BOD5 and COD and in a lower percentage the parameter oils and fats. Further research may be recommended to be used as a final process, not with the water that comes out directly after the slaughter process is completed, but rather after having undergone a conventional treatment such as for example only eliminating odors and clarifying it in this way can give better results.Item Análisis de carbón activado como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la lavadora y lubricadora de autos “Heredia” de la ciudad de Riobamba(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Avalos Rodríguez, Katherine Daniela; Paredes Beltrán, Bolívar EduardoThe purpose of this research project was to analyze activated carbon as a filter in the pre-treatment of wastewater from washer and lubricators of cars. The project had a development time of 90 days in which the industry and its infrastructure were known, the operation of the filter was monitored daily, in which a flow rate of 0.105 lt/min was applied, which would pass through 35 lt of filter material; besides, inlet and outlet flows were determined, thus having consume flow rate of 0.474 m3/vehicle. Initial tests were performed on the raw wastewater; that is, without any type of treatment, having the following concentrations: Oils and fats = 232 mg/lt, COD = 808 mg/lt and BOD5 = 348 mg/lt; Once the filter was applied, the purification capacity of the material was evaluated every 10 days with laboratory tests, showing decreases from the beginning of its application until reaching the following concentrations in the last analysis: Oils and fats = 0.35 mg/lt, COD = 3 mg/lt and BOD5 = 1.2 mg/lt that showed decreases up to the permissible TULSMA limits. When evaluating the activated carbon efficiency, the following results were obtained: Oils and fats = 99.85%, COD = 99.63% and BOD5 = 99.66%; suggesting that the material is suitable to reduce levels of contamination in these parameters.Item Análisis del carbón activado como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la industria de lavado de jeans “Tintex River” situado en el barrio El Tambo Central del cantón Pelileo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Galarza Villalba, Carlos Alberto; Paredes Cabezas, Geovanny AnibalThe textile industry is one of the main causes of water pollution due to its large amount of use for the completion of clothing, using a lot of chemicals and dyes. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the activated carbon as a material used in a filter for the wastewater treatment from the "TINTEX RIVER" jeans washing industry. The filter was scale built and was operating for 90 days with a caudal rate of 0.105 l/min to monitor the biodegradability characteristics such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand in Five Days (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Color for which water samples were taken from the filtration process, to be able to compare the values of the physical-chemical analyzes considered in the present study, which were analyzed in a specialized laboratory (Lacquanálisis S.A) and compared with the permissible limits for discharge to a sewage system established in the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation from the Environment Ministry (TULSMA). The obtained results with the activated carbon filter show an efficiency of about 54%, 66% and 31% for the parameters BOD5, COD and Color respectively, indicating that the activated coal helps to the water decontamination coming from the jeans washing industry, since the total volume of residual water of 18,76 m3 which was filtered in the operating time of the filter, it reduces an average of 51% of the parameters in this work. Therefore is recommendable to use activated carbon in the jeans washing industry "TINTEX RIVER".Item Análisis del carbón activado como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la industria láctea “Monteverde” en el barrio Rocafuerte cantón de Píllaro provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Falcón Pazmiño, Galo Vladimir; Paredes Cabezas, Geovanny AnibalThe present work was realized in the milk industry “MONTEVERDE“ with the intention of analyzing the activated coal as I filter in the wastes water treatment for the decrease of the parameters of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO) and Oils and Fats. Each one carried out investigation of field and laboratory in 90 days with 3600 gallons of waste water with 10 samples of 55 gallons of waste water, the first in normal conditions, and nine remaining ones were submitted to the filtration process across the coal activated by means of the regulation 2169 and 2176 INEN, the environmental quality Norm and of discharge of effluent. In a metallic structure there was placed the waste water in order to which the system works for gravity, later it happens for a pipe PVC of ½ “, towards an iron that distributes it for the whole packing that contains the material filtrante (44 lb of activated coal) using a continuous wealth of 0,105 l/min where it was received to realize the analyses of results of decontamination. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the coal activated in relation to the DQO that had an efficiency of 94,55 % that is to say the filter it has a high capacity of removal of organic matter I concern with oils and fats also there was a high efficiency of 72,02 % what means that this one filter has a high capacity for removal of the same ones; on the other hand in the DBO5 the efficiency level was-10,66 %, what means that top values of contamination existed in relation to that of raw water, it is necessary to take into consideration that this is not an integral method of removal organic matter and that to increase the efficiency it is possible to mix the coal activated with another material that it helps to the pollutants' decrease of this parameter.