Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Determinación de los parámetros de corte láser por CO2 en el acero ASTM A500 y la aleación HSLA ASTM a1011 grado 50 y su incidencia en la rugosidad superficial, dureza del material y efecto térmico para aplicaciones en la industria metalmecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Toapanta Cunalata, Oscar Gabriel; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
    The industry in the country has a great growth so that one of the main problem is the continuous improvement of the processes, including cutting, it must be more precise and with a better quality. Therefore, the objective of the investigation is to analyze the laser cutting and how it influences the surface quality and the thermal effect on ASTM A500 and HSLA A1011 Gr 50 steels that are used in the metalworking industry. An experimental analysis was developed based on a factorial design, together with the characterization and the tests it was established that the most influential parameter in the investigation is the type of cutting and the material, so it has an adequate surface roughness value is 1.96µm in HSLA Steel that is in agreedment with the standard ISO 1302: 2002 quality for frequent applications, the temperature during the process is 275.6 grades C causing an increasement in hardness of 48.4HV which is than A500 Steel. In addition, quality of the cutting was established qualitatively by determining the surface topography using the scanning electron microscope SEM, as well as the simulation of the thermal effect on the material during the process, in this way corroborating the experimentation. Through the investigation, the appropriate laser cutting parameters were determined, which are a Power of 650W and a Speed of 3.0m/min.
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    Estudio del proceso de corte láser de CO2 del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con fibra de abacá
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Riera Riera, Marilyn Johaira; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    In the present experimental work the process of Laser Cutting by CO2 was carried out, in which two sheets of composite materials were made as: (polyester resin combined with abaca fiber) and (epoxy resin combined with abaca fiber), which they were subjected to cuts; therefore, an analysis process based on the surface response method was proposed, in which the cutting parameters intervened, such as: power, speed and resin with their different levels; generating a total of 26 combinations with their replicas and obtaining a total of 52. Once the cuts were made, the surface quality of the material was evaluated by means of the surface roughness (Ra), for which a Mitutoyo SJ-210 rugosimeter was used, achieving thus to determine the minimum surface roughness of the material of 3.4833 μm, fulfilling like this with the established in ISO Standard 1302; the critical temperature (T) of the cut was also determined through calculations and temperature measurements of the surface were taken while it was cutting with the pyrometer, and getting a lower critical temperature which undoubtedly decreases the amount of material burned. A complementary test was carried out in which the flammability index of the composite materials was obtained, the process to perform these essays is detailed in the ISO 3795 standard; the combustion index was calculated obtaining 15.9 and 19.9 mm / min respectively, fulfilling like this with the requirements of the standards, since they do not exceed the maximum combustion index of 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min established in the standards NTE INEN 1668 and NTE INEN 1323 respectively.
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    Diseño y construcción de una perforadora de paneles de PVC utilizados como muros en casas prefabricadas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Pérez Martínez, Christian Andrés; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    This technical project focuses on the design, construction and operation tests of a PVC panel drilling machine, of different widths. To perform the drilling, the drilling process was chosen and the HSS hole saws were selected as the type of tool to be used. The distance between perforations was established, also the maximum size of the panels, with this data the main structure was designed, in addition a sliding table, as well as the axes in which the tooling, the displacement system and other necessary parts are coupled , subsequently selected: toothed belts, motors, gearmotors, toothed pulleys, pneumatic cylinders, electrovalves and sensors, to ensure the proper functioning of the machine, the components were connected to a PLC and a man-machine interface was developed, which facilitates the Operative the use of the machine and avoids damage in the process. Finally, the machine was built and tests were carried out, obtaining the expected results that meet the requirements of the company Holviplas S.A.
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    Estudio del proceso de corte láser de CO2 del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con cascarilla de arroz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Tonato Tonato, Juan Carlos; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    The CO2 laser cutting process, being widely used in the industrial field due to its excellent precision, accuracy and rapid processing to make the cut, was investigated in two polymeric compounds based on natural fibers (polyester matrix and epoxy matrix reinforced with rice husk), in order to evaluate the influence of the independent input variables (power and cutting speed) on the quality of laser cutting and additionally flammability tests were carried out for possible applications. The characteristics of the surface finish evaluated were the roughness of the cut surface and the thermal effect (surface temperature of the edge adjacent to the cut) that were made in the process. Twenty-six series of experimental tests were executed for each composite material, based on the central design composed by the response surface methodology (MSR). First-order response models were presented for surface temperatures and a second-order model for the roughness (Ra) of the surface manufactured by laser, and the adequacy of the models was verified through the analysis of variances (ANOVA). From the analysis, it was determined that in the polyester matrix composite material, better surface quality (lower roughness) and lower surface temperatures are presented in comparison with the epoxy matrix compound. Regarding the combustion rates that result from the flammability tests of both the polyester matrix compound (8.27 mm / min) and epoxy matrix (15.85 mm / min) it was determined that they are within the acceptable permissible range ( ≤100 mm / min and ≤250 mm / min) that must comply with the flammability of the materials inside the road vehicles.