Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de parámetros termodinámicos para determinar niveles de eficiencia en miniturborreactores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Paucar Rojana, Christian Javier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThis project focuses on acquiring in-depth knowledge about miniturbojets within the field of combustion engines, since, to date, there is not enough research on the subject. An evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters that influence their operation was carried out, using specialized software. In this program, a miniturbojet model was selected and, based on it, calculations were made to optimize its efficiency and performance. For the initial development, key aspects such as the temperature and inlet and outlet pressures in the compressor, combustion chamber and nozzle were analyzed. In addition, additional variables such as fuel type and compression ratios were considered. These factors were determined by thermal efficiency calculations, considering the heat input in the miniturbojet compressor. From these parameters, an exhaustive analysis was carried out, allowing the identification of different variables that influence the performance of the system. In particular, a detailed study of the TJ1 turbomachine was carried out, in which its thermal and propulsive efficiency were determined, showing how the energy contained in the gas flow is transformed into useful thrust. In addition, it was identified that various sections of the miniturbojet operate under a Brayton cycle, which allowed its isentropic performance to be evaluated under the temperature and pressure conditions reached during the operation of the system, also considering possible energy losses and their impact on efficiency.Item Análisis experimental y computacional de la eficiencia del motor Stirling M16-v4-d para el Laboratorio de Física de la Carrera de Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Barroso García, Jorge Sebastián; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThis work addresses an important issue that limited research possibilities in the Physics Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department: the absence of a Stirling engine. This deficiency restricts the execution of experiments and studies related to advanced thermal machines. To solve this problem, a comprehensive experimental analysis of the M16-V4-D Stirling engine was carried out, with the aim of evaluating its output power and thermal efficiency under different conditions. The results obtained from the experiments provided valuable insight into understanding the behavior and actual performance of the engine. However, to obtain a more complete view, computational simulations were also employed to model the engine's operation under various situations and conditions. The findings from the experimental analysis and computational simulations demonstrated that the M16-V4-D Stirling engine was a promising choice for the Physics Laboratory. Its efficiency and ability to operate with external heat sources made it ideal for implementation in the said laboratory. By addressing the initial issue, this engine became a valuable educational and research tool for students and professors. Thanks to the incorporation of the Stirling engine, academic projects and practices in the field of thermodynamics and thermal machines have significantly enriched. Students will now have the opportunity to work with advanced technology that will allow them to conduct more complex research and delve deeper into the study of thermal machines, thus opening up new possibilities for innovation and development in this field.Item Análisis de parámetros de combustión en prototipo de quemador radiante de GLP experimental sin recuperación y su influencia sobre el aprovechamiento energético(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Llamuca Paguay, Jonathan Alexis; Velastegui Quisimalin, Lizbeth Carolina; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThis project proposes the variation of combustion parameters as fuel pressure and injector design in an experimental LPG radiant burner prototype without recovery, to determine its influence on: energy using, flame parameters and temperature distribution in the radiant tube. The methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, using this measurement instruments: thermographic camera and gas analyzer. The characteristics prototype are 1.79kW power, length 1.1m, tube diameter 0.10m and injector diameter 0.5mm. The energy using includes: heat transfer 0.59 kW by natural convection and 1.05kW by radiation, losses 0.98 kW by combustion gases, 0.0918 kW by convection in walls and 0.037 kW in unburned solids, this represents a thermal efficiency between 43 and 62 percent. A real combustion reaction with 127 percent of theoretical air is proposed, which allowed identifying a radiant medium zone with thermal stability of 0.45 m length and maximum temperatures between 320 to 460 Celsius degrees reached in 660 seconds (11 min) approximately. An analysis with a bidimensional model for the internal gas flow was applied to simulate the behavior of temperature, density, velocity, and particle trajectory.Item Análisis térmico para el proceso de secado de fideo tipo Regin en la empresa Industrias Catedral S.A, para determinar su eficiencia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Goyes Guerrero, David Nicolás; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThe experimental work begins due to the need to have an updated energy study regarding the evaluation of thermal efficiency levels in the noodle drying process of tunnel 1 in the company Industrias Catedral S.A; based on the need to quantify the heat used in a typical drying chamber, as well as the most representative energy losses generated in the production of noodles. In the experimental process of calculating the thermal efficiency, it began with the identification of the thermophysical parameters of the raw material, as well as the evaluation of the standard noodle production. The data collection and measurements of normal operating temperatures of the radiator, temperature in the trays, air speed at the outlet of the fans, speed in air outlets, heat used for the drying of noodles, fundamental factors that intervene in the analysis of heat transfer and utilization within a static drying chamber of type trays. As a result, the supplied heat was analyzed in a type chamber, for region noodles, the regin noodles take advantage of 4,067Item Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de intercambiador de calor de coraza y tubos para uso del laboratorio de energías de la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-03) Chipantiza Agualongo, Carlos Steeven; Cholota Moreta, Edwin Mauricio; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThe technical project focused on the design and construction of an exchanger according to the available bibliography, in addition to an analysis of alternatives for the selection of materials and configuration of the tube system. A methodology for thermal and mechanical design, 3D modeling, equipment manufacturing and assembly was proposed. The prototype is intended to work with steam and water, the first fluid at 144.83 degrees Celsius at a pressure of 60 Psi and a mass flow of 0.2kg/h, while the second at 20 degrees Celsius with a pressure of 27 Psi and a flow rate of 5L/min. Based on these data, the thermal and mechanical part of the equipment was designed where the minimum required area, total length of the pipe, the thickness of the different materials were determined and the accessories for the connections of the fluid inlets and outlets were selected. according to market availability resulting in a power unit of 4.85kW and maximum theoretical power of 43.2 kW with an efficiency of 11 percent. The 3D modeling and the plans of the prototype were developed in a CAD Software, the prototype was built according to the design specifications and the basic performance tests were carried out, finally the recommendations for the operation and maintenance of the equipment were specified.Item Diseño de un intercambiador de calor de coraza y tubos para el aprovechamiento de gases residuales de una caldera de 125 BHP de potencia para la empresa GN. Industrial en la provincia de Tungurahua cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Martínez Ochoa, Oscar Maximiliano; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThe proposed objectives include: the design of a tube and shell exchanger for the use of waste gases from a 125 BHP power boiler for the GN INDUSTRIAL company. the characteristic parameters of the shell and pipe heat exchanger were determined, as well as the appropriate materials were selected for its correct operation, thermal analysis was carried out using software to determine the behavior of the fluids. The LMDT and NUT methods were used for thermal design. For the mechanical design, the ASME section VIII recommendations and the TEMA regulation were considered, which standardizes certain criteria for the design through the finite element method with the help of software, thermal and mechanical analysis of the heat exchanger was carried out with the following results: Thermal power of 25.53 kilowatts, heat transfer area of 5.75 square meters, efficiency of 37 percent, presenting as water outlet temperature of 29 degrees centigrade and the exhaust gas outlet temperature of 190 degrees centigrade the same one that has 24 two pass Cedula 40 tubes with a length of 1.5 meters and a shell of 600 millimeters in diameter and a total length of the heat exchanger of 2.13 meters with a weight of 645 kilograms, same that meets the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical requirements for the recovery of heat from the exhaust gases of the boiler for which it is being designed.Item Análisis de pérdidas energéticas en un motor de combustión interna a gasolina (MECH) de 1600 cm3 en un vehículo de uso particular para determinar su rendimiento térmico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-09) Kevin Alexander, Miranda Pilatuña; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlIn the present experimental work the Otto cycle performance of a 1600 cubic centimeter internal combustion engine (MECH) of a private vehicle was evaluated by distributing surface temperatures using thermography. The data was used using technological equipment: thermal camera, thermocouple, digital thermometer, anemometer and absolute pressure meter. In addition, the thermograms were obtained to temperatures, velocity, pressure of exhaust gases. The theoretical performance analysis was performed using an indirect method generating a 65 percent. Due to,there were leaks caused by heat transfer (convection in the engine block and oil pan) and heat leaks in exhaust gases (11.72kilowatt) and the cooling system (8,037 kilowatt). Thus, It was determined a performance of 33.15percent. Meanwhile, exergetic analysis the perfomance was 43.25 percent. Consequently, the evaluation of pollutant production shows that it is in the values of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) do not exceed the limits of the NTE INEN 2204: 2017 standard, which details the maximum limits allowed according to the year of the vehicle.Item Análisis de eficiencia térmica en el calentador cerrado con alimentación de vapor de 4 metros cúbicos de capacidad para abastecimiento de agua caliente sanitaria del Hospital Dr. Julio Enrique Paredes C. Unidad Oncológica Solca Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2016) Cabrera López, Pablo Sebastián; Paucar Samaniego, Mayra AlejandraItem Estudio de la geometría del absorbedor del colector solar parabólico compuesto y su incidencia en la eficiencia para calentamiento de agua de uso sanitario(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2015-03) Guanoluisa Tenorio, Santiago Rubén; Mayorga Pardo, Alex SantiagoEl presente proyecto está enfocado a realizar un estudio de la geometría del absorbedor del colector solar parabólico compuesto para calentamiento de agua de uso sanitario, para evaluar el gradiente de temperatura entre la entrada y la salida del agua de este colector concentrador, además se estudió la eficiencia alcanzada según la configuración del absorbedor para posteriormente compararla con los colectores de superficie absorbedora plana convencional. Se obtuvo la parábola del reflector del colector solar parabólico compuesto considerando el absorbedor circular, con una razón de concentración de 4 más un 10% de esta, para considerar un truncamiento del reflector, el absorbedor circular se configuró con una pequeña placa absorbedora de aluminio la cual tiene una conductividad térmica de 401 W/m.K. Los valores obtenidos experimentalmente en el colector, se basaron a los datos recopilados en las fichas de campo. Se consideró experimentar el calentamiento de agua en distintos días con las condiciones climáticas, nublado, parcial nublado y soleado, con un cielo totalmente despejado. Los ensayos del calentamiento de agua se realizaron con dos tipos de configuración geométrica del absorbedor del colector solar parabólico compuesto; absorbedor circular y absorbedor circular configurado, con los cuales se obtuvo una temperatura de salida del agua de 61°C y 76°C y una eficiencia térmica de 60% respectivamente, estos resultados se presentaron tomando en cuenta una condición climática (día soleado) aproximadamente igual para las dos configuraciones del absorbedor, y con valores promedio de velocidad del viento, temperatura ambiente y radiación solar. También se realizó este estudio con la finalidad de incentivar a que se realicen estudios sobre nuevas formas de captación de la radiación solar, y desarrollar nuevas aplicaciones, sean de uso doméstico o industrial.Item Estudio del potencial de aprovechamiento de biomasa del eucalipto para generación de energía térmica en la zona rural del cantón Ambato, parroquia Huachi Grande(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2015-01) Freire Robalino, Oscar Fernando; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlEl objetivo de esta investigación es el aprovechamiento de biomasa del eucalipto para generación de energía térmica en zonas rurales de la parroquia Huachi Grande, usando un fogón mejorado para el calentamiento de agua. Se aplicó observación directa y de campo para la recolección por: caída libre de biomasa, clasificación (hojas, ramas y pepas), pesaje y almacenamiento durante tres meses obteniendo un promedio del producto de ramas en Febrero 2014 (5,44 kg) Marzo 2014 (5,56 kg) Abril 2014 (3,68 kg), usando pepas se obtuvo en Febrero 2014 (4,93 kg) Marzo 2014 (5,44 kg) Abril 2014 (4,18 kg) con ramas se consiguió Febrero 2014 (5,87 kg) Marzo 2014 (5,63 kg) Abril 2014 (4,25 kg). De los ensayos de quemado de biomasa en horario matutino se obtuvo con ramas un aprovechamiento de 2,77 kW y eficiencia de 57,52%, con hojas se obtuvo 2,04 kW con eficiencia de 43,76%; en horario vespertino se consiguió con ramas aprovechar 2,55 kW y una eficiencia de 55,66% , con hojas se obtuvo 1,99 kW con eficiencia de 43,66%. Se diseñó un sistema de calentamiento de agua para vivienda de zona rural de la Parroquia Huachi Grande con el aprovechamiento de biomasa del eucalipto, logrando obtener con ramas un calor del agua de 2,54 kW, calor de la biomasa de 8,78 kW y una eficiencia térmica de 28,93% en horario vespertino. Al recolectar la biomasa y utilizar para el calentamiento de agua en las zonas rurales se ayudará a que disminuya la contaminación ambiental y el crecimiento de roedores, también se reduce el tiempo del calentamiento de agua, el consumo de la biomasa, la contaminación del ambiente y las enfermedades respiratorias de las personas por presencia del humo.