Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Desarrollo de una aplicación computacional para el análisis de estructuras utilizando elementos finitos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Yugcha Chango, Alex Adrian; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis project addresses the growing need for tools that enable the efficient and pedagogical resolution of complex structural problems, given the complexity of current commercial solutions. By facilitating the learning of the finite element method, it aims to promote an understanding of the fundamentals of structural analysis and their application to real-world problems. Additionally, it focuses on offering an interactive experience that fosters the development of skills for solving complex problems in both academic and professional settings. An application was designed using matrix calculation algorithms in Python, complemented by specialized libraries of this programming language to handle matrices, generate visualizations, and produce detailed reports. Validation was carried out through experimental tests and comparisons with specialized software, analyzing practical cases of bar structures, trusses, and frames. Simultaneously, bibliographic references were consulted to support the mathematical formulation and the design of the graphical interface, ensuring that users can understand and replicate the calculations performed by the program. The results obtained demonstrate that the application is capable of accurately calculating stiffness matrices, nodal displacements, and stress diagrams, maintaining a minimal difference compared to results generated by commercial tools. Furthermore, the application offers a unique pedagogical approach, explaining the internal processes of the FEM and providing detailed reports of the structural analysis. In conclusion, this proposal represents an accessible and educational alternative that integrates advanced calculations with an intuitive interface, contributing to both learning and professional practice in structural engineering.Item Diseño y construcción de una prótesis de mano derecha con amputación de falanges producida mediante impresión 3D(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Coba Ronquillo, Emily Anahí; Guerra Chiquito, Karla Abigail; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe design of a functional 3D printed prosthesis focuses on meeting the specific needs of people with partial amputations of the right hand. To ensure controlled and realistic movement, a four-bar mechanism was implemented, configured in a dual system for the four main fingers and a single mechanism for the thumb, this approach ensures that the prosthesis accurately mimics the natural movements of the human hand, providing a functional and customised solution. Each component of the prototype was developed through a comprehensive process based on position and trajectory calculations including CAD drawing in specialised software, which is based on a graphical synthesis of mechanisms allowing the creation of parts with precise geometries and adjusted to the anatomical characteristics of the user. Subsequently, the design was evaluated by means of finite element simulations through a static analysis under the loads generated in each articulated joint, in which the structural resistance and the correct functioning of the mechanism under different conditions of use were verified. 3D printing, as the main manufacturing method, presented significant advantages in terms of customisation, cost reduction and production times. The selected material, PETG, stood out for its strength, flexibility and durability, essential characteristics to withstand the stresses and repetitive movements of the prototype. This integrated approach combines advanced design and simulation technology with the efficiency of additive manufacturing, achieving a practical, accessible and adaptable device for the end user.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina afiladora de cuchillas de widia para la maderera Guambuguete’s de la ciudad de San José de Chimbo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Guambuguete Yauqui, Andrés Isaías; Muisin Martínez, Alex Efraín; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThe design and construction of the widia blade sharpening machine for Maderera Guambuguete's arose due to the difficulty of sharpening the blades, the distance from the sharpening machines and the high cost of this process, factors that limited production and reduced efficiency in the daily preparation of wood. The methodology applied employs the documentary research method, as well as field research, with a design approach; while the types of research employed are descriptive, which begins with an analysis of the constituent parts, followed by analytical design, as well as CAD, CAE analysis, and the preparation of plans, continuing with the acquisition of materials, the machining of each part and the assembly of the set. The design began with the determination of the Knoop hardness of 7000 HK, using a 0.4 hp motor and an AISI 1045 steel blade holder, with a diameter of 2” and 600 mm. It includes a 5 mm sliding plate, 4 mm protective box, and a 126 mm power screw. The structure is formed by the base plate, collector, guide plate and 50x6 AL 50x6 stops. A 0.85 hp coolant recirculation pump was selected, with a flow rate of 10 lpm, meeting the required standards; while the safety factors vary between the one calculated and the one given by finite elements with an error percentage ranging from -4 to +20 percent that serves as a reference for the proper execution of the project. With the analyses carried out, using components and materials according to the specifications, the design and construction of the widia blade sharpening machine was achieved and the respective testing was carried out.Item Análisis de las propiedades de sección transversal de perfiles tipo UV conformados en frío(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) López Espín, Jonathan David; Torrealba Toledo, Kevin Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínInformation on cold-formed structural elements is limited, but has become indispensable in the field of construction, as it allows for improved design and analysis of structures. In the present investigation, a comprehensive analysis of the section properties of 6 and 8 mm thicknesses was carried out. It started with a review of information to understand the behaviour of these profiles, section properties such as inertias, torsional constants and warping constants were calculated using traditional analytical methods. To validate these calculations, a mathematical model based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed, which allowed the behaviour of the cross-sections to be simulated more accurately. Experimental torsion, bending and compression tests were performed to compare the results obtained by analytical calculations and FEM analysis. In the case of the tests to determine the warping constant, technical limitations were faced, such as the lack of a high test machine for compression tests on thicker sections, which led to the use of thinner sections. Finally, the results showed that the FEM provides intermediate predictions between analytical methods and experimental tests, the differences observed in the behaviour of the specimens were discussed, conclusions were drawn on the discrepancy of results between the different methods, and recommendations for future studies were proposed, including the application of heat treatments to the profiles to improve the values obtained in the tests.Item Análisis de juntas tipo bridas apernadas para estructuras de telecomunicaciones de tipo monopolo usando el método de elementos finitos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Muyulema Muyulema, Dany Germán; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínMonopole structures are used as telecommunication towers, especially in urban areas where zoning is difficult. The load hypothesis that predominates their design is wind, since most of the collapses are due to this effect. The most critical part that is more prone to failure in the towers is the bolted flange joint, which requires a special focus in the design to guarantee its resistance and performance over time. In the present investigation, a finite element model was obtained that approximated the actual structural behavior of bolted flange joints. The finite element models were developed in a specialized software and monotonic lateral load tests were performed for their validation. The results obtained by measuring loads and displacements in the tests were compared with those obtained in the finite element model, showing non-significant variations in the points of interest of the bolted flange. The finite element model was useful for predicting the structural behavior of the flanges, making the design process more dynamic.Item Análisis de amortiguadores híbridos utilizados en estructuras metálicas de edificaciones de mediana altura para mejorar su respuesta a cargas sísmicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Jaya Guanoluisa, Mario Hernán; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe present research focused on identifying different configurations of hybrid dampers that are applicable to mid-rise buildings through the review of research, these devices were evaluated with computational tools, using the finite element method, which allowed to know the structural behavior of this type of systems with reliable mathematical models. Three types of dampers were identified that use fusible elements such as slits and weak plates to dissipate energy through deformations and contact surfaces that dissipate energy through friction, the analyzed dampers are composed especially of steel plates and surfaces of rough materials joined by bolts forming a single assembly, These devices are then adapted with welded or bolted joints to the structures, especially in the central zone of the beams, thus preventing damage to the structural element and giving way to the formation of ball joints and deformations in the fusible elements. After the analysis, the damper with the most stable behavior was identified in order to propose a proposal to improve the seismic performance and better dissipate the energy of the seismic loads.Item Diseño y construcción de una plataforma elevadora móvil para un refractómetro queratómetro de 25 kg mediante el uso de software especializado de modelado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Abril Villalva, Joseph Mateo; Gonzalo Eduardo, López VillacisThe project carried out seeks to satisfy the creation of a machine specifically in the area of occupational visual health, which adapts to the particular conditions of the work environment, since there are machines on the market with different characteristics that do not support real conditions and they are not affordable. Bibliographical studies were carried out on machines dedicated to the lifting and transfer of loads, with this, the requirements of the interested parties were collected, for this the design was evaluated under a weighted and corrected criterion to begin with the sizing and analytical calculation of the loads that must be support the parts of the platform. The structure was then designed using modeling software to apply finite element analysis to simulate loading and safeguard the integrity and function of the platform. As a result, the platform moves the visual machine to different work spaces, without the need to exert excessive direct forces on the visual equipment, providing a stable surface and adding a lifting system to modulate the height between the patient and the refractometer keratometer.Item Estudio comparativo entre las juntas de conexión empernadas y por soldadura en el área de acceso vehicular y entre piso de la edificación del parqueadero ubicado en la av. 12 de Noviembre de la ciudad de Ambato y su incidencia en el comportamiento mecánico operacional(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Zavala Córdova, Luis Eduardo; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThis degree work is based on a building that was built in the city of Ambato in order to determine what would be the optimum behavior to the requirements established by the structural design standards, for which we proceeded to perform a quantitative analysis in the collection and analysis of results in the comparison of the joints that are currently built by welding, to perform the analysis by connections of RBS and BFP joints, taking into account the criteria of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-15), Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 360-16), this analysis contributes to the modeling of bolted and welded connections, in order to analyze the localized buckling phenomenon in the wings and web of the metal profiles of the beam-column joint in the vehicular access area and the joint between floors, The results obtained showed that the RBS connection has a better deformation behavior without affecting the web and flanges of the profile, and that the BFP connection cannot be used in the same way as the BFP connection, the BFP connection cannot be used in joints where the inclination of the beam towards the column has a steep slope because the plates must be connected perpendicularly and the welding connection tends to be the most economical and can be used in any area, however it tends to reach the equivalent stressstrain deformation limit, in relation to the cost of materials used for the installation of the BFP joint it is more expensive because it implies placing more supply of elements in the joint.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina peletizadora que utilice residuos de madera para la empresa Decor Parquét en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Ponce Ramos, Bryan Alexis; Viteri Caiza, Jorge Esteban; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThis technical project was developed due to the need to use the waste generated in the construction of wooden furniture made by the company DECOR PARQUÉT to take advantage of the leftover wood that is produced daily. This technical project aims to design and build a pelletizing machine that compacts wood waste into small cylinders known as pellets. In the theoretical foundation, the description, advantages, disadvantages, types, thermal properties, physical properties, mechanical properties and the technical standard UNE - ISO 17225-2: 2021 used to produce wood pellets were analyzed. It also describes the purpose of the equipment, the systems that compose it, its parts, the types of pelletizers, the failures they present and the materials necessary for the construction of the machine. As for the analytical part, the sizing of all the parts, simulations of the critical components of the system and the selection of the materials based on the calculations were determined. Finally, the machine was built using the design represented in the drawings with the necessary corrections to make the model functional, and the respective functional tests were performed.Item Diseño de una cámara de Sandblasting, para el tratamiento y mantenimiento de tanques bajo normativa ASME en la empresa Induacero CIA. LTDA.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Rodríguez Chicaiza, John Sebastian; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge Patricio, This technical project was developed due to the need of having a sandblasting chamber to perform the surface cleaning process of the pressure vessels manufactured by INDUACERO Cia. Ltda. achieving to minimize production times and maintain a contamination free space for the operators. For the respective design of the chamber, physical and mechanical parameters were identified, such as the dimensions of the largest container that should enter the chamber and according to the needs required by the company. As abrasive material was assigned the use of metallic shot for its high efficiency and its capacity of reuse from 700 to 5000 times these abrasive particles are projected at high speed by means of a pressure system against the surface of the container by means of a gun, also was developed a system of recirculation of the abrasive by means of a cyclone type Stairmand of high capacity. The pertinent calculations were made for the design of the chamber with the requested parameters, then an analysis of the results was carried out; finally, the design was made in a finite element software and the plans and the financial study of the project were incorporated, obtaining as a result an efficient chamber in terms of its operation and dimensions required by the company.