Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis comparativo del comportamiento a flexión entre vigas de hormigón armado elaboradas con agregado grueso natural y reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Sánchez Balseca, Alison Odalis; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe construction industry has had a significant impact on the environment due to the emission of greenhouse gases and the extraction of natural resources. Reinforced concrete, essential in construction, combines iron and cement, improving mechanical strength. In response, sustainable practices such as the recycling of construction materials have been promoted. This research analyzes the performance of reinforced concrete using recycled materials from construction and demolition waste, evaluating the feasibility of replacing natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate. Flexural tests were performed on reinforced concrete beams, comparing the mechanical properties of beams with natural and recycled aggregates. The beams with natural aggregate withstood a maximum load of 21.56 kN and presented a modulus of rupture of 5627.47 MPa, while the beams with recycled aggregate reached a maximum load of 19.62 kN and a modulus of rupture of 5120.80 MPa. The maximum displacement was 49.52 mm for beams with natural aggregate and 22.28 mm for those with recycled aggregate, showing greater ductility in the former. The recycling and reuse of materials in construction, in the production of new concrete with recycled aggregate, not only reduces the environmental impact and the demand for natural resources, but also makes it possible to contribute to the sustainable development objectives (Objective 11) in terms of innovation of materials and sustainable cities and communities. The implementation of an efficient sorting and recycling system is essential to reuse waste as raw material in the manufacture of new building materials, promoting a more sustainable construction.Item Comparación del comportamiento a flexión entre vigas de hormigón simple y vigas de hormigón con adición de virutas metálicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Acosta Villacrés, Angélica María; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe present experimental work promotes the use of steel wastes generated in metallurgy workshops or lathe shops so that once selected with the proper technique, the metal chips are added into the concrete mix so that it can resist more than what is expected under bending loads. By means of the laboratory tests of the materials such as granulometry, real density, absorption capacity, apparent density, moisture content of the fine and coarse aggregate together with the real density of the cement, dosages were implemented with resistances of (240 and 280) kilograms per square centimeter, complying with three ages corresponding to 7, 14 and 28 days. The standard specimens are presented and subsequently, percentages of (5, 8 and 10) percent of metallic chips are added to the mix to replace the fine aggregate. With a total of 72 prismatic specimens to be tested, under the respective standards. With the results obtained from the three phases, it was verified that the prismatic specimens with steel addition are the ones that present a higher modulus of rupture than the plain concrete specimens, being the outstanding ones for a resistance of 240 kilograms per square centimeter the 10 percent replacement and for 280 kilograms per square centimeter the 5 percent replacement. Therefore, as an analysis, the chip contributes positively to the flexural behavior of concrete, being considered as an environmentally friendly alternative.Item Determinación de la resistencia a compresión de ladrillos macizos fabricados con diferentes tipos de arcilla del cantón Pastaza y su comparación con el ladrillo común(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-07) Romero Coyago, Johanna Alexandra; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThe purpose of this experimental project is to determine the physical properties by means of the moisture absorption test and mechanical properties by means of the compressive and flexural strength tests of the solid artisan bricks, elaborating different batches with some of the clay soils that they are in the province of Pastaza. To carry it out, we proceeded to select three localities in the province of Pastaza and four clay soil samples were taken by carrying out the “Mud Tape” test in the field, in addition, Granulometry tests were carried out to determine its clay content and chemical tests To determine the percentage of silica since this component is one of the main components of clay, once the clay soils were collected, they were transferred to the Cunchibamba parish, Tungurahua province, for the proper manufacture of solid artisan bricks. In addition, specimens were chosen from three artisan brick kilns located in the Cunchibamba and Izamba parish and in the Píllaro Canton of the Tungurahua province. Once the specimens were subjected to laboratory tests, the processing, analysis, interpretation of results and comparison of the obtained values were carried out, thus determining the physical and mechanical properties of each of the batches. Consequently, 80 tests were obtained, determining as a result that the clay soil of Santa Clara is effective, as an additive to the traditional mixture that artisans make in their brickyards, since it significantly improves the quality of the final products.Item Estudio experimental de conectores de corte en la unión losa LOSA DECK - VIGA ACERO(2021-03) Alava Apráez, Esteban Gregorio; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe present research work was developed through the use of different types of cutting connectors the same ones that were selected by the characteristics they possess, the capacity of effort and due to the use within the execution of works. The ones selected for the development of the research work were rod type, screw type, stud type and channel type, which are applied for purposes such as preventing horizontal sliding or vertical separations between the beam and steed. These samples were made following the AISC and ACI standards. The samples taken were by the distribution of prototypes according to a certain number and space where the shear connectors present their characteristics to the required tests in order to analyze the influence of the shear connectors on the union of the metal beam and deck slab. When conducting the test in the universal compression machine, it was determined that the first failures appear regularly in the supports and bending points of the beam. The fissures appeared on the edges of the prototypes, due to the concentration of force in the center of the prototype.Item Aplicabilidad de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con fibras de hoja de tuna en usos industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Vargas Flores, Patricio Daniel; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present study is based on the experimentation and characterization of the composite material of counterfoil polymeric reinforced with fibre of sheet of prickly pear. This type fibre is a proposal since in Ecuador especially in the sierra region grows this type of plant in soils variety, at present big prickly pear plantations exist only for its fruit and its sheets are dried, rejected and used like organic fertilizer since an application does not exist for the same ones, for such a motive of the disused sheets the reinforcement fibre was obtained. The burettes were prepared with different configurations and volumetric fractions in a mold of steel A-36 for every type of essay it lowers norms for haulage ASTM 3039, for push-up ASTM-7264 and for impact ASTM-5628 for the purpose of establishing the ideal combination that grants the best mechanical properties of the composite material and power to give use in the industry. By means of the essays realized in the different volumetric fractions by manual stratification the best combination turned out to be to 70 % of counterfoil polymeric and to 30 % of fibre of prickly pear, with interlaced fibres having a resistance to the haulage =10. 94 MPa, resistance to push-up =24. 98 MPa and absorbed energy = 2. 42 J. The applications found for this material they were seen in the ambiences of the movable and aeronautical industry.