Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.ENSAYOS NO DESTRUCTIVOS

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
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    Estudio del reforzamiento estructural de varillas de acero ASTM A706 mediante un proceso de soldadura SMAW y su incidencia a las propiedades mecánicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-09) Villacrés Quintana, Stephany Daniela; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    In Ecuador, in the placement of structural rod, to comply with lengths that exceed the 12 meters that a commercial rod measures, it is common to make overlaps tied with wire, welding being an uncommon alternative in the middle, however, in the overlaps tied, critical points are created, which is why the need has been seen to analyze the welding since currently the municipal GAD requests that they be welded, this being a motivation to study the structural reinforcement of ASTM A706 steel rods, which is marketed in the country, through a SMAW welding process and its impact on the mechanical properties for which we will rely on the AWS D1.4 code, which deals with reinforcing bars and provides guidelines for welding them. In this project, an experimental methodology was used, an analysis of different welding processes was carried out on ASTM A706 structural steel rods, for the selection of the electrode, specific electrodes were chosen for welding ASTM A706 steel that meet the specifications and requirements. of the project As results, it was obtained that in the visual analyzes of the rods there were porosity and overmount failures, which were acceptable according to the specifications of the AWS D1.4, in the tensile tests it was obtained that the rods as a base material resisted on average 602.88 MPa, and that the cases that resisted the most tensile stress were the one in which electrode 6011 and type V joint was used with 508.46 MPa and the one that was carried out with electrode 7018 and double V joint with 492.60 MPa of ultimate stress As for the macrographs, the correct fusion of the materials was visualized, both in overlap and in a V joint. As a conclusion, we can obtain that the welding in the aforementioned cases reaches high tensile stresses, however it does not equal that of the base material. , so it is proposed for future studies to analyze the mechanical properties of the material with other types of electrodes or welding processes.
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    Estudio del proceso de soldadura del sistema de anclaje placa base-varilla, y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas de una edificación de cuatro plantas de una estructura metálica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) Mayanza Balla, Janneth Alexandra; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    In the national context of Ecuador, where construction and urban development are fundamental for economic and social growth, the need arises to investigate and understand in depth the welding process of the base plate - rod anchorage system and its impact on the mechanical properties of metal structure buildings. The safety and durability of buildings are essential aspects to ensure the protection of lives and property, as well as to boost confidence in the country's infrastructure. The methodology applied in this research included linear static and spectral modal design, using standards such as AISC 360-16 and NEC 2015 to obtain reactions that would allow the adequate design of the base plate. In addition, the macrograph visual inspection test was used to evaluate the weld quality and its effects on the mechanical properties. The results obtained were satisfactory in terms of the geometry of the base plate and the anchor-rod welding process and tests performed, indicating adequate structural integrity, which is capable of adequately resisting the load generated in the columns of a 4-story building, adequately transmitting the forces and moments to the concrete pedestal and the foundation structure. This study highlights the importance of guaranteeing the quality of the welding process in metallic structures, especially in critical elements such as the base plate - rod anchorage system. As a continuation of this research, it is suggested the implementation of more detailed analyses on the mechanical behavior of welds under real load conditions, as well as the periodic evaluation of the structural integrity in similar buildings. The influence of additional variables, such as the operating environment and the quality of materials, remains to be studied in order to further strengthen the safety and reliability of metallic constructions in Ecuador.
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas de ensayos no destructivos para inspecciones mediante partículas magnéticas fluorescentes (MT) para el Laboratorio de materiales de la Carrera de Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Fuentes Córdova, José Luis; Núñez Maliza, Jesús Alejandro; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Nowadays, the importance of Non-Destructive Testing is reflected in the student field as well as in the educational module taught by the Mechanics career and its application in the national and international industry, a new NDT equipment was provided to the Materials laboratory of the career. For this purpose, an exploratory research was carried out in product data sheets and in the Standard Guide for Magnetic Particles Examination (ASTM E 709 - 21), the equipment was designed, on which the respective calculation and simulation was developed, obtaining a satisfactory modeling for its construction. For the construction of the equipment, processes such as: bending, turning, milling, drilling and SMAW welding were required, in steel A 500 Gr D and ASTM A 36. Regarding the design and construction of the transformer and magnetization system, the Standard Guide ASTM E1444 -15 and ASTM E 709 - 21 were used, establishing a maximum amperage of 1200 A for the Circular and Longitudinal magnetization techniques. Once the construction process of the test bench was completed, its operation was tested by means of its use, in the inspection of several types of specimens by the Circular Magnetization and Longitudinal Magnetization techniques, under the application of the dry and wet fluorescent method. Finally, a manual for the use of the equipment and the development of an instruction manual for the use, storage and maintenance of the suspension of oilbased fluorescent magnetic particles, which is mainly used by the test bench equipment for the development of the inspections, were elaborated.
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    Evaluación de la detectabilidad de discontinuidades en soldadura al variar el agente limpiador en el ensayo de tintas penetrantes Tipo II
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Arcos Aguilar, Christian Alexander; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    This experimental work is framed within the area of Non-Destructive Testing: visible penetrant inks used for the inspection of weld discontinuities and focuses on evaluating whether the detectability of discontinuities is altered by varying the cleaning agent. For this purpose, visible dye penetrant tests have been carried out on intentionally produced specimens with surface defects. The data obtained from the tests were analysed in such a way that a control agent (conventional cleaningmagent) was established and compared with the most economical and locally available cleaning/removing agent proposals. In addition, these results were contrasted with tests carried out in Test Panel with fluorescent penetrant inks, to evaluate the detectability of discontinuities from two perspectives. The research is concluded by mentioning the cleaning agents used in the study, placing them in categories: from the agent that does not generate variation in the detectability of discontinuities, to the agent that causes statistically considerable variation in the detectability of discontinuities.
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    Estudio para la optimización del proceso de soldadura de aluminio, aplicado en la reconstrucción de cabezotes de vehículos, en la rectificadora de Motores M. Noboa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-08) Cornejo Herrera, José Fernando; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    This research involves parts from automotive areas, combining several TIG welding parameters, such as: amperage, gas action times, cleaning of the aluminum surface and cleaning by electrical method; obtaining values of hardness and tensile strength, because these parts are of thermal use and precision so they do not require excessive modifications, non-destructive tests were used, this in order to keep intact the aluminum head. The study was carried out in collaboration with the workshops of the M. Noboa rectifier in the city of Ambato. To carry out the experiments, a Taguchi design was used, the welding process was generated with the help of an operator with the objective of improving the technique and the regulation of TIG welding parameters, analyzing the conditions in which the equipment can work correctly giving good results in repairing the material. Brinell hardness analysis was performed, suitable for non-ferrous materials according to ASTM standards, providing hardness values and obtaining properties such as tensile strength, keeping the base material in a good condition. To evaluate the complete repair in the different combinations of parameters, penetrating inks were used, together with the AWS D1.2 code that contains acceptance and rejection criteria for aluminum welding joints, being this a reference, and repair welding was used, which simultaneously with the grinding process gives us a complete repair in the aluminum heads.
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    Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema semiautomático tipo araña para la inspección de juntas soldadas en tuberías mediante el equipo MFD 800B utilizado en el laboratorio de materiales de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-10) Aleaga Ulloa, Eduardo Alfonso; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The development of this research project is focused for use in the materials laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Career at the Universidad Técnica de Ambato, specifically for the area of non-destructive testing. The mechanism is designed to generate greater reliability and veracity in the acquisition of data for an ultrasound test. Currently, a conventional or manual test is used in the facilities, which, in general, and for reasons proper to the experience of the personnel involved in this context., yields unreliable results. Its main structure is made of acrylic and steel. The elements have been joined by using bolts and nuts. Instead, bearings and wheels have been used for movement around the pipe. Similarly, a worm screw and two motors were required to produce the movement when handling in free software. The final results required the use of API 1104, here are all the minimum factors that must be included in the generation of results in the analysis (manual, automatic, seiautomatic) by ultrasound in pipes. Likewise, the data that must be available for the measurement equipment is appreciated. Finally, the efficacy of a semi-automatic ultrasound test with respect to a conventional test was determined.
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    Análisis de soldabilidad del acero HSLA ASTM A1011 GR 50 y su incidencia en la fabricación de carrocerías metálicas para buses
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Poveda Almeida, Welligton Vladimir; Yunapanta Velastegui, José Luis
    This investigation carried out, based on the large number of companies that manufacture metal buses bodies, which exist in Ecuador, use welding as the main process, these performed the weldability analysis between the ASTM A500 Gr C steel and the HSLA ASTM A1011 Gr 50, to investigate their weldment behaviour of a section of the body structure, in which the type of joint, parameters and welding processes to be used were analyzed. In addition, his work was based in a bibliographic way, where several documents were found with which it was possible to base this research in a profound way, at the same time, chemical, mechanical and physical tests were carried out with the cooperation of the company VARMA S.A., with the laboratories of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, the laboratories of the Salesian Polytechnic University and the Center for the Development of Carrocero Metallechanical Productivity, as well as every invaluable technical staff and human talent from each area, to determine the properties of each material by carrying out tests such as: penetrating liquids, metallography, hardness, tensile strength and impact, to finally compare the results and identify the incidence of each one on the manufacture of bodies. Finally, some mechanical properties of HSLA ASTM A1011 Gr 50 steel were obtained, which outperformed ASTM A500 Gr C steel, thus concluding that these results contribute to both business and country development.
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    Análisis de la sustitución del material acero A36 por el material Q 235B en la construcción del sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Amancha Torres, Israel Jacinto; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The present research “The analysis of steel A36 substitution instead of Q235B material for the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province.”, is primarily aimed at comparing the Q235B material with A36 steel. Moreover, the obtained data, is the perfect sample to analyze the variable which supports the comparison between both materials, verifying that the results for the substitution bear out firmly all the characteristics of the proposal for this Project, the data obtained from the tests provided belong to the Consorcio Alao company having the authorization of the data, in addition tests were carried out in the Center of Productive Metalmechanical Development Carrocero. The information collected on the destructive and non-destructive testing methods helped us to analyze the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of this steel. In this way, each of the characteristics of this material is determined to be used in the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province. At the end of the project, the characterization of the analyzed steels and their replacement for the construction of the Drinking Water System of Riobamba city in Chimborazo province is presented, through the SMAW welding process under the criteria of acceptance and rejection of API standards 1104 and ASME IX, using electrodes E6010 and E7018 ones as input material, with a type of butt joint and 6G welding position because the pipe to be welded is static without being able to change Welding position, material Q235B presents good mechanical properties and its welding bead does not present many defects.
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    Estudio de los métodos de ensayos no destructivos bajo la norma API 650 y su incidencia en la evaluación de juntas soldadas en tanques de almacenamiento
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2015) Villavicencio Pérez, Gonzalo Alberto; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Para el desarrollo de la investigación se realizó un análisis o investigación de campo por los diferentes métodos de ensayos no destructivos como: inspección visual (VT), líquidos penetrantes (PT) y por el método de ultrasonido (UT) con los cuales se pudo encontrar las diferentes discontinuidades tanto superficiales así como discontinuidades internas de las juntas soldadas en tanques de almacenamiento, además se realizó macrografías de las juntas soldadas a tope y a filete en la parte inicial y final de los cordones de soldadura indicando si los los parámetros de soldadura que se aplicó fueron los correctos como la penetración del material de aporte, geometría de la junta soldada. Obteniendo como resultado que el método más eficaz y con mayor exactitud en comparación con los otros métodos de ensayo o destructivo, fue el método de ultrasonido (UT) indicados en la Norma ASME sección V artículo V en sus parámetros de evaluación y en los criterios de aceptación y rechazo, fue de mayor exactitud en la detección tanto en discontinuidades superficiales e internas en juntas soldadas en tanques de almacenamiento. Mediante las conclusiones y recomendaciones obtenidas por el estudio y el análisis se pudo dar una propuesta que ayude a dar una solución a al tema de estudio de nuestra investigación. Con los resultados ya expuestos, analizados, recomendaciones y con la comparación de los diferentes métodos de ensayos no destructivos se propone un procedimiento de inspección en juntas soldadas en tanques de almacenamiento bajo la norma API 650- ASME sección V artículo V por el método de ultrasonido en 2 cual tiene procesos indispensables así como sus actividades que se deben llevar a cabo de manera ordenada en el momento de la ejecución de este procedimiento de inspección. Además se trabajó con el equipo MITECH (MFD800B) disponibles en los laboratorios de la facultad dando un procedimiento de calibración para los diferentes tipos de transductor y poder encontrar con mayor facilidad las discontinuidades existentes en las juntas soldadas.
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    Ensayos destructivos y no destructivos y su efecto sobre la calidad de las tolvas para volquetas producidas por I.M.ESCO
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2012) Calero Rodríguez, Oswaldo Leonardo; Moretta Marfetán, Alejandro O.
    El presente trabajo de tesis tiene como propósito la realización de los ensayos destructivos y no destructivos en tolvas de volqueta de 8 metros cúbicos de la empresa I.M.ESCO. Orientándose hacia la elaboración de una guía que será implementada, siendo el objetivo principal detectar diversas fallas y anomalías en el proceso de construcción de las tolvas, contribuyendo de ésta manera al mejoramiento del nivel de calidad y productividad en todas las áreas de la empresa, con el propósito de competir exitosamente en el mercado nacional e internacional, a través de la implementación de la Norma ISO 9001:2008. En primera instancia se desarrolló una investigación interna de los procesos actuales de producción, equipos y materiales utilizados, así como la recolección de datos generales a cerca del nivel de educación del personal de producción, para verificación de sus aptitudes en el cargo que se desenvuelven. Una vez analizados estos datos se procedió a determinar el tipo y orden de los ensayos a desarrollarse en las tolvas, comenzando por el ensayo de inspección visual con el propósito de detectar las diferentes fallas existentes en los cordones de soldadura, acabados superficiales, grietas, porosidades, etc. Todos los ensayos realizados se sustentan en normas en las que se describe los parámetros correspondientes para los diferentes ensayos realizados. Posteriormente se aplicaron tintas penetrantes para verificación visual de los cordones de soldadura, de ahí se tomaron muestras para evaluación por radiografía industrial y así evaluar la calidad de la soldadura y la del soldador. Posteriormente se desarrollaron los ensayos destructivos pertinentes de acuerdo a lo especificado en el presente trabajo, todos y cada uno respaldados por su respectiva Norma ASTM. Hay que acotar que la realización de los ensayos destructivos y no destructivos en las tolvas de volqueta solo es un paso para la acreditación de la Norma ISO 9001-2008.