Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación de la capacidad estructural resistente al fuego de la estructura del bloque 1 de la empresa “Mikrocartón” ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Bayas Vargas, David Alejandro; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe analysis of structural resistance to fire has acquired great relevance in the scientific field, especially in the study of industrial structures, due to its direct impact on the safety of occupants, property and evacuation times in emergency situations. Initially, a detailed geometric survey of the structural elements was carried out using highprecision measurement tools, then a static linear analysis was carried out considering the NEC guidelines, where their behavior was evaluated under various combinations of loads, including dead load, live load, wind and earthquake. This analysis allowed the identification of the load capacity of each structural section, as well as its deformations and lateral displacements; during this process, structural deficiencies were detected that required the formulation of specific reinforcement measures to guarantee the stability and safety of the building. Finally, the behavior of the structural elements under fire conditions was evaluated through a normative analysis that allowed determining the critical fire time. A manual calculation method was used based on Eurocode guidelines, which allowed the load capacity to be established based on the residual resistance of the structural section, considering the influence of temperature through standardized time-temperature curves. However, when it became evident that the structure could not withstand the expected temperature, a protection system was implemented using 12.7 mm thick gypsum panel boxes, managing to reduce the effect of fire by up to 64 percent in the critical section.Item Evaluación de la capacidad estructural resistente al fuego del edificio de carrocerías Cepeda.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Alvarez Salguero, Alex Santiago; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséFire has represented a problem in steel structures, in addition, the NEC does not establish loads or time that the structures must withstand this phenomenon, therefore, this research was developed, which analyzes the susceptibility to fire with international standards such as the Eurocode of Carrocerías Cepeda, a company dedicated to the manufacture of car bodies in which the elements involved in its production are highly flammable and have a high probability of causing a fire. The research was developed through three phases, the first one where the linear analysis of the structure was carried out considering the aspects of the NEC, thus identifying the critical profiles under normal conditions. During the second phase, the temperature reached by the profiles that make up the structure was analyzed, reaching high temperatures, which directly affected the properties of the steel such as the modulus of elasticity and yield strength, decreasing its structural capacity and increasing the probability of collapse. For the third phase, Gypsum material was implemented as a protective measure, which improved the fire resistance of the structure. The results show that Gypsum is an excellent fire protection material as it significantly reduces the temperatures in each of the profiles from 713.82 to 168.12 degrees Celsius, in the case of the most critical profile. The structural capacity after the fire will depend on the amount of material placed inside the structure.Item Caracterización de la flamabilidad de los materiales de revestimiento utilizados en construcción, ensayados a borde(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Valdez Pombosa., Anthony Abel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe new coating techniques have been used significantly in constructions, in such a way that their behavior against fire has not been considered, which raises questions regarding fire events. From the above, this investigative work was developed on fire reaction tests of construction materials such as Gypsum/ceiling and melamine subjected to the direct action of the fire flame according to the NTE INEN-ISO 11925 standard. 2, for which the physical properties of each material were analyzed and subsequently tested on edge for 30 seconds. In addition, a total of 36 samples were obtained, taking into account 18 specimens of each material with their 3 respective thicknesses, and 3 sectioned longitudinally and 3 transversely, in order to know if the direction of application of the material influences the its flammability. As a result, it was obtained that the melamine materials present an initial ignition, which does not occur with the Gypsum/ceiling materials. It was also evident that the vertical propagation of the flame does not reach the height of 150mm, consequently according to the behavior against the fire and according to the physical properties, each material was classified according to the EN 13501- 1 standard, where Gypsum/ceiling was categorized in class type C, and melamine in class type D, highlighting that all these materials for the production of smoke It is class type S3 and for the fall of inflamed droplets/particles it is class type D2.Item Caracterización de la inflamabilidad de los materiales de revestimiento utilizados en construcciones, en base a sus propiedades físicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Torres Morales, Stalin Patricio; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaNew trends in coatings such as Gypsum, Ceiling and Melamine have been used more frequently in buildings today, but it has not been possible to analyze their behavior when faced with an ignition source, their reaction to fire and their contribution in the event of a fire. Based on this, an investigation of the reaction to fire of these materials was carried out with the application of a direct flame to the surface for 30 seconds and they were classified according to the Euro classes that determined the characteristics and behavior of the material in front of a flame; For which 36 samples were tested, 18 plaster samples in 3 different thicknesses and 18 melamine samples in 3 thicknesses, the same are applied in Gypsum, Ceiling, wall covering, among other uses; the samples were extracted 3 in longitudinal direction and 3 transversal for both materials, with the purpose of knowing if the direction of application of the material influences its combustion. As a result, it was found that no sample reaches initial ignition and the flame does not reach 150 mm in height, which is the maximum range established by the NTE INEN ISO 11925-2 standard. Based on this, Gypsum was classified as class C and melamine as class D, highlighting that for smoke production it is s3 and flaming droplets is d2, where these two materials do not declare any behavior.Item Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de un aislante térmico mediante la reutilización de residuos de material compuesto de matriz de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Freire Quinga, Erika Pamela; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThe present investigation develops the technological process for the manufacture of a thermal insulator obtained from the combination of gypsum with crushed waste of a material with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for the manufacture of ceiling panels, the mechanical and thermal properties of flexure, hardness and thermal conductivity were evaluated of each volumetric configurations analyzed. From the tests, it was determined that the best mechanical and thermal behavior of the composite material was 50 percent gypsum and 50 percent GFRP with a thickness of 9.5 mm with a flexural strength of 10.93 MPa, surface hardness with a footprint of 13mm and thermal conductivity of 0.11 W / m K,, also the presence of GFRP residues reduces the weight of the ceiling by 60 percent as well as the manufacturing cost. In conclusion, composite material of gypsum with GFRP waste improved the mechanical properties compared to existing gypsum panels.