Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.INFLAMABILIDAD

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    Caracterización del comportamiento frente al fuego de la madera con recubrimiento de barniz utilizados en obra civil
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Yugcha Lema, Jonathan Andrés; Viscaíno Cuzco, Mayra Alexandra
    The use of wood coated with varnishes for flooring and wall coverings is widespread in the construction industry. However, its behavior in the event of a fire has been little studied, raising significant questions about its performance in fire scenarios. This research aims to characterize the behavior of Mascarey wood under fire conditions, considering its physical, mechanical, and thermal conductivity properties in three states: natural, coated with Monto brand high-gloss varnish, and coated with Condor brand Espengloss floor lacquer. Physical properties such as color and density were evaluated according to ASTM D 1535 and ASTM D2395 standards, respectively. Mechanical properties were assessed through parallel compression, perpendicular compression, and hardness tests, following the procedure described in ASTM 143-94. Additionally, a fire reaction test was conducted according to the NTE INEN ISO 11925 – 2 standards, using 18 Mascarey wood specimens with a thickness of 20 mm subjected to direct flame exposure, both on the edge and surface. The results indicate that the density of Mascarey wood increased by 4.5 percent when treated with coatings compared to its natural state. Regarding mechanical properties, specimens coated with Monto varnish showed a decrease in parallel and perpendicular to fiber compression resistance, with values of 47.97 N/mm2 and 13.71 N/mm2, respectively. Conversely, specimens coated with Espengloss lacquer showed an increase in these properties, reaching values of 50.03 N/mm2 in parallel compression and 15.06 N/mm2 in perpendicular compression, compared to natural specimens, which recorded values of 48.33 N/mm2 and 14.78 N/mm2, respectively. In terms of hardness, natural Mascarey wood presented the highest values in all three evaluated directions, with a notable value of 1013 kgf in the direction parallel to the fiber. However, in coated specimens, the highest hardness was observed in the radial direction, with values of 647 kgf for specimens coated with Monto varnish and 864 kgf for those coated with Espengloss lacquer. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of coated Mascarey wood showed a 10 percent increase compared to uncoated specimens. In the fire reaction test, the vertical flame propagation did not exceed 150 mm in any case, classifying Mascarey wood as class D according to the EN 13501-1 standard, both in its natural state and with coatings. Although the coatings did not influence the flame propagation rate, they significantly reduced the carbonization rate. Specimens coated with Espengloss lacquer and Monto varnish recorded a carbonization rate of 0.14 and 0.19 percent, respectively. In contrast, natural specimens recorded a carbonization rate of 0.34 percent.
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    Implementación de los requisitos técnicos que establece la norma NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 17043:2010 de interlaboratorio para la realización de ensayos de aptitud de inflamabilidad de materiales de construcción
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Caiza Caisa, Cristopher Edmundo; Peñaloza Castro, Ariel Alejandro; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    This technical project highlights the importance of implementing the technical requirements established in the NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 17025 standard. It proposes conducting interlaboratory proficiency tests in accordance with the NTE INEN-ISO 11925-2 standard, ensuring the reliability of the tests as stipulated in the NTE INENISO/IEC 17043 standard. The interlaboratory proficiency test involved analyzing the performance of the Mechanical Research Laboratory (LIM-UTA) in conducting tests, in compliance with the technical requirements of the NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 17043 standard for interlaboratory testing. The main objective was to evaluate the competence and reliability of flammability tests for construction materials, following the guidelines of the NTE INEN-ISO 11925-2 standard. The performance evaluation of LIM-UTA was carried out in accordance with the normative specifications, and the expected results included the validation of the test methodologies. The laboratory selected polycarbonate as the reference material for conducting flammability tests. Upon completion of the study, the verification and validation of the method used were carried out. Specialized software was employed to analyze the total Gage R&R, as well as aspects of precision, uncertainty, p-value, and accuracy, meeting the established criteria and achieving satisfactory results. Finally, a report was prepared in accordance with the NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 17043 standard to compare the performance results of the flammability test for construction materials.
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    Caracterización de la inflamabilidad del material de cubierta panel tipo sándwich utilizado en construcciones, en base a sus propiedades físicas.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Tacuri Chimborazo, Kevin Josue; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    Roof covering alternatives, such as sandwich panels, have been widely used in construction. However, their behavior when exposed to an ignition source, their reaction to fire, and their contribution to fire incidents have not been thoroughly considered. Addressing this need, the present research characterizes the flammability of sandwich panels with a polyisocyanurate (PIR) core, analyzing the influence of their physical properties on fire behavior to classify them according to international standards and assess their suitability for construction applications. Roof covering alternatives, such as sandwich panels, have been widely used in construction. However, their behavior when exposed to an ignition source, their reaction to fire, and their contribution to fire incidents have not been thoroughly considered. Addressing this need, the present research characterizes the flammability of sandwich panels with a polyisocyanurate (PIR) core, analyzing the influence of their physical properties on fire behavior to classify them according to international standards and assess their suitability for construction applications. The findings demonstrate that sandwich panels with PIR cores are safe and efficient for construction purposes. However, further research is recommended to explore improvements through fire-retardant additives or coatings. Additionally, comparing their performance with other materials, such as panels with mineral wool cores, expanded polystyrene (EPS), and phenolic foam, could provide insights into safety, cost, and durability advantages.
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    Diseño y construcción de una cámara de inflamabilidad para productos de construcción para el Laboratorio de Investigación de Ingeniería Mecánica LIM UTA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Vargas Cordovilla, Ronnie Efrain; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    Nowadays it is important to comply with the quality requirements of construction products since their application involves the safety and life of people, it is essential that these products are fire resistant and in case of an adverse event such as this, it can be guaranteed that the spread of flame in the basic building materials is avoided. For this reason, the possibility of implementing the flammability test of construction products in the Mechanical Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato has been proposed. This technical project is based on the design and manufacture of a flammability cabinet under the requirements of the NTE INEN - ISO 11925-2: 2010 standard that focuses on the testing of construction products, for this the equipment was designed considering the regulatory provisions and the equipment was built in AISI 304 steel using cutting processes and TIG welding with filler material and shielding gas, finally, the equipment was validated by testing three different materials such as: vinyl flooring, MDF and ceiling, with the test results under the criteria of NTE INEN - ISO 11925-2: 2010 it was determined that the equipment meets all the requirements.
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    Determinación del proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de fachaletas de PVC como material opcional en la construcción de viviendas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Solís Santamaria, Tannia Magally; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    This project deals with the manufacture of cladding by injection molding of PVC polymer as an alternative material for the construction industry, where the analysis and design of the cladding mold are carried out using CAD/CAM software programs. The use of CAD/CAM tools allows reducing both, production time and cost. As this process occurs through injection molding, custom products can be manufactured meeting the needs of various sectors. Through the determination to depend upon the technological process for the manufacture of cladding, tests are carried out to validate the mechanical properties of cladding through compression, impact, and flammability tests along with UV ray experiments, thickness, production, and commercial cost, which are parameters to determine the quality of the product. To simplify the manufacturing process, a technological report of this study was conducted through the description of adequate parameters for its correct production. The results were favorable as 896 cladding molds, with a thickness of 2 mm, a net weight of 25 grams, and a selling price of 3.73 U.S. dollars per square meter, were produced. Therefore, cladding commercial cost, as well as weight, are significantly lowered concerning what it would represent within the construction industry.
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    Diseño y construcción de un sistema de ventilación y medición de gases producidos en la cámara de inflamabilidad del Laboratorio de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Gualpa Caisachana, Alex Mauricio; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    Safety afety in the work environment as well as control of gaseous emissions towards the environment are trends in the modern industrial environment, since it seeks to implement processes that are friendly to the environment and minimize the impact on it, which is why This technical project constitutes the study of design and construction alternatives for a localized extraction system for the horizontal and vertical flammability chamber of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, as well as determining the degree of contamination in parts per million that is generated by test a material in said chamber. The necessary parameters were established for the design and construction of the localized ventilation system based on the ACGIH (AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS) standard, such as height, density and temperature of gases, flow rates, etc. The necessary conditions were identified to carry out the combustion test and the emission of combustion products gases in stationary sources as established by NT 001 and EPA PART 60 appendix A. Then, materials in the flammability chamber were tested to verify the proper functioning of the extraction system and perform a combustion test based on EPA PART 60 APPENDIX A METHOD 3A, 6C, 7E, considering the characteristics of the Insigth Fyrite Plus Gas Analyzer. With the tests carried out it was found that the material composed of resin and natural fiber reinforcement has a concentration of 8 PPM of 𝐶𝑂2 (corresponding to 14.39 mg / m3) an average temperature of 23.22 grade C and 20.9 percent of 𝑂2,, with a gray-dark color, the material composed of polyester resin and fiberglass reinforcement has a concentration of 3 PPM of 𝐶𝑂2 (corresponding to 5.4mg / m3), an average temperature of 23.13 grade C and 20.9 percent of 𝑂2,, with a gray color, the microsuede material (corosil), has a concentration of 11 PPM of 𝐶𝑂2 (corresponding to 19.79 mg / m3), an average temperature of 18.03 grade C and 20.9 percent of 𝑂2,, With a gray-dark coloration, the alcantara material has a concentration of 3 PPM of 𝐶𝑂2, (corresponding to 5.4 mg / m3) an average temperature of 20.91 grade C and 20.9 percent of 𝑂2,, with a gray coloration.