Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Optimización mediante metodología de superficie de respuesta de los parámetros de fabricación de fachaletas mezclando concreto con triturado de tereftalato de polietileno reciclado y su incidencia en la resistencia mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Castillo Herrera, Willan Pablo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoPeople's wrong habits when recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate plastic bottles ends up in environmental pollution, a plastic bottle recycling machine was implemented in Santo Domingo of the Tsáchilas, and using a Nelmor brand plastic bottle crusher, G1215M1 model, Polyethylene Terephthalate is processed.Crushed recycled PET percentage variations of 15 -20 –25 percent are made in the mixture with dimensions between 6mm -8mm -14mm and aggregate of 3mm -8mm -11mm. This concrete composite material plus the addition of crushed recycled PET are added in a manufactured mold from Artisan 1 that is a silicone elastomer. 45 veneers are manufactured and 4-point flexural tests are made, after 21 days of being manufactured according to INEN 2554:2011 norm, variates between 0,50125 and 1,59958 Megapascal. To the 45 veneers after 21 days of being manufactured, compression tests are made according to the INEN 1573:2010 norm and variates between 1.80700 and 4.31367 Megapascal. An optimization is performed through a surface response methodology using a statistical software, determining the optimal parametersfor veneers manufacturing, where the maximum percentage in the PET mix is of 15 percent with a dimension of 14mm and aggregate size of 6,95 mm. It is recommended in future investigations to make concrete veneers plus the addition of crushed recycled PET with a maximum percentage of 15 percent as a in the mixture, 14 mm dimension and 7 mm aggregate size, and to add a pigment in the mix to give color to the veneers.Item Análisis de recubrimientos anticorrosivos aplicados a los aceros Q235B y su incidencia en la tasa de corrosión, en el sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Amancha Torres, Hugo Fabián; Paredes Robalino, María BelénThe investigation studied several anticorrosive coatings applied to Q235 steel, and the effects of the corrosion rate with the help of the salt spray chamber. The applied coatings are products known in the market and are AWWA C210 / 92 certified epoxy-food grade; because the pipe is used in the Drinking Water System of the City of Riobamba. The samples to be analyzed contain three different types of substrate cleaning prior to coating application and two types of coating application. For the present study, we will refer to the ASTM B117 standards, which details the necessary guidelines for accelerated corrosion tests in a salt spray chamber. According to ASTM D610, the degree of corrosion presented by the samples was indicated. And based on the ASTM G1 standard, the corrosion rate of each specimen was calculated. This analysis helped us compare and establish the best corrosion protection methods for Q235B carbon steel. Which are: UHS Duraplate - Bristle Blaster - Spraying and UHS Duraplate - Mechanical - Spraying with corrosion rate of 0.0205 mm / year.Item Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de la lámina para pista atlética a partir de caucho reciclado utilizando poliuretano(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) LLerena Pico, Diego Andrés; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneIn the research project, the analysis of the mechanical properties at different volumetric configurations of a composite material that is constituted by a polyurethane matrix and reinforced with recycled rubber particles was carried out, this in order to achieve a material that has excellent characteristics for the manufacture of sheets of athletic tracks, replacing the usual manufacturing materials with composites at low cost and friendly with the environment. The work proposed the preparation of a composite material with polyurethane and rubber granules at different volumetric fractions ranging from 70 percent polyurethane-30 percent rubber particles, 60 percent polyurethane-40 percent particles of rubber, 50 percent polyurethane-50 percent rubber particles, with a rubber particle size of 0.05 mm-1 mm, where the molds and probes used in the tests were made with the dimensional characteristics established in the ASTM standard, which will be used for ASTM D3039-2015 traction, ASTM D695 compression and ASTM D2240-15 hardness. The obtaining of optimal values was obtained to achieve the mechanical properties necessary for the realization of the composite material, where the volumetric fraction that has the best mechanical characteristics is that of 70 percent polyurethane-30 percent of rubber particles, with a maximum effort to tensile of 12.28 MPa, modulus of tensile elasticity of 282.69 MPa, elongation of 8.08 percent, maximum compressive stress of 28.4 MPa, creep stress 23 MPa, deformation of 37, 11 percent, modulus of elasticity to compression of 76.51 MPa and Shore D hardness 72.75Item Análisis de la sustitución del material acero A36 por el material Q 235B en la construcción del sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Amancha Torres, Israel Jacinto; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present research “The analysis of steel A36 substitution instead of Q235B material for the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province.”, is primarily aimed at comparing the Q235B material with A36 steel. Moreover, the obtained data, is the perfect sample to analyze the variable which supports the comparison between both materials, verifying that the results for the substitution bear out firmly all the characteristics of the proposal for this Project, the data obtained from the tests provided belong to the Consorcio Alao company having the authorization of the data, in addition tests were carried out in the Center of Productive Metalmechanical Development Carrocero. The information collected on the destructive and non-destructive testing methods helped us to analyze the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of this steel. In this way, each of the characteristics of this material is determined to be used in the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province. At the end of the project, the characterization of the analyzed steels and their replacement for the construction of the Drinking Water System of Riobamba city in Chimborazo province is presented, through the SMAW welding process under the criteria of acceptance and rejection of API standards 1104 and ASME IX, using electrodes E6010 and E7018 ones as input material, with a type of butt joint and 6G welding position because the pipe to be welded is static without being able to change Welding position, material Q235B presents good mechanical properties and its welding bead does not present many defects.Item Análisis de la aleación mecánica de aluminio 1060 con porcentajes controlados en peso de zinc y su incidencia en la resistencia última a la tensión, dureza e impacto(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Pineda Silva, Giovanny Vinicio; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThe research project begins due to the need to have technically documented information related to powder metallurgy within the scope of mechanical alloy, manufacturing process that is entering into the National Industry, due to the advantages it presents with respect to traditional processes; being the most representative, a more exact control of the limits of the composition, optimization of raw material and is a process susceptible to automation with good surface finish for serial production of mechanical components. The experimental process of the mechanical alloy begins with the obtaining of mechanical powder of the base elements: Aluminum 1060 with particle size 30 micrometers and alloying: Zinc with particle size between 45−63 micrometers through the use of ball mill and a screening control; mixing process based on the percentages in weight defined for the subsequent compaction and sintering of the test pieces for the correct development of the tests. The study of tensile strength, hardness and impact was developed though the control of variables of percentage by weight of alloying element: 0.5 – 1.0 y 1.5 percentage Zinc, and sintering temperature: 462 celcius degrees y 594 celsius degrees ; the best results were obtained in the case of a study developed with 1 percentage Zinc and a temperature of 594 celsius degrees, where the hardness and tensile strength were increased by 69 percentage and 12.29 percentage respectively in relation to the base element; while the impact resistance as a function of the energy absorbed decreases by 39.40 percentage in the best case 1 percentage Zinc and 462 celsius degrees; in addition, the controlled variables are correlated with each other and directly affect the properties under study according to the statistical analysis developed by Fisher’s test.Item Análisis de la velocidad de combustión y su incidencia en los materiales utilizados en el interior de carrocerías para vehículos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Villena Portero, José Luis; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronIn the present experimental work the flammability index of some of the materials in the construction of bodies is obtained, the process to carry out these tests is found in the ISO 3795 standard, the inflammability index that the materials in the construction in the bodies have a good behavior in front of the fire said materials should help to repel the fire. The ISO 3795 standard establishes the following principles: Composite materials: Interior roof lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin) and Interior side lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin); Textile materials Pranna flexible polyester (seat lining) and Textile based on vinyl (floor lining) and Wood Triplex marine (body floors of mass transport vehicles) The allowed flammability indices are: 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min respectively. The INEN 1668 and 1323 norms indicate what the flammability index is allowed in the construction materials of bodywork interiors. There is no need to comply with the provisions of the regulations.Item Análisis de aceros y recubrimientos utilizados en tambores de mezclado de los mixers de la empresa Holcim Ambato y su influencia en el desgaste abrasivo bajo la norma ASTM G105(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Villacrés Padilla, David Andrés; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis research project was developed under the objective of analyzing the types of steels and coatings used in the mixing drums of the mixers of the HOLCIM company Ambato and its influence on the abrasive wear under the ASTM G105 standard, which tests were carried out from abrasive wear and an analysis of the rate of such coatings. For the development of the research, a bibliographic, field and experimental methodology was used, also exploratory and descriptive to address the study phenomenon that included 8 trials with the application of different configurations for the evaluation of the variable, besides a 40 sample scheme was developed with ASTM AISI 1020 steels and ASTM A514 grade F high strength steel corresponding to the Holcim Mixer drum, which were applied to three types of coatings such as nitrided, metallized and cemented. Due to this it was possible to conclude that the application of coatings and thermal treatments on the steels improve the characteristics and properties with respect to the abrasive wear, these processes contribute to a greater hardness and abrasive resistance. In addition, it is determined that, in the case of the amorphous tungsten alloy coating, it presents the greatest increase of hardness of the surfaces, which defines as the best treatment applicable in the steels, reason why a procedure for the recovery of the mixers according to the location of the parts of the mixer drum of the HOLCIM company.Item Estudio del cromado metálico en superficies de aros para buses bajo normas INEN y su incidencia en la adherencia superficial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2016) Lara Núñez, Mario Alcides; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe main objective of this research is to study the metallic chromium on bushing surfaces under INEN standards, and its incidence on surface adhesion, the research was carried out on experimental modality, varying parameters of the coating process, such as: Time, temperature and voltage, to determine the properties of adhesion, hardness and layer thickness, the optimal parameter for a nickel + chromium process was obtained at 60 min. 400C and 7V. From the results obtained from the corrosion resistance experiments it was determined that it is low and for this reason the proposal is put forward to add an alkaline copper layer and in this way to have a coating of three layers, copper + nickel + Chromium, after finishing the respective experiments its improvement of this property and the adhesion of the layer were observed. After that, the cost of the analysis to implement this coating was determined that it is accessible for the consumption of transport companies.Item Materiales compuestos poliméricos con matriz poliéster y fibra de carbono y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas de tracción(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2016) Carrasco Reinoso, Mauricio Javier; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel