Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Reingeniería de la cámara de inflamabilidad vertical y aplicación de ensayos de resistencia a la flama de materiales de la industria textil para el Laboratorio de Investigación de Ingeniería Mecánica Lim UTA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Pérez Pallo, Diego Fabricio; Quinatoa Yaucan, Eduardo Santiago; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    The present technical project was developed as a need to offer more services to the community, led by the LIM-UTA research laboratory. For the redesign, a recognition of the needs and parameters such as functionality, resistance and usefulness that make the flammability chamber an appropriate test bench for flame resistance tests in textile materials, was carried out, adhering to the ASTM D6413 standard. A methane combustion study is developed, later an analysis of the mass flow was carried out that allowed to know the losses by pipe and accessories in the installed pressure regulating train. Alternatives for the self-ignition control system and pressure regulating train parts were selected. The flame resistance tests were carried out using a textile material characteristic in the body industry, consequently a statistical analysis was made validating the test method (vertical test), finally the technical documentation of the vertical flammability test chamber was implemented in accordance with the Ecuadorian technical standard "NTE 17025".
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    Análisis de costos externos negativos en buses de transporte urbano, producidos por la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, caso Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Barreno Ávila, Alex Francisco; Mayorga Pardo, Alex Santiago
    In this experimental work, the negative external costs of urban transport buses, produced by the emission of greenhouse gases in the city of Ambato, were analyzed. Information was collected from the five urban bus operators (cooperatives) to determine the study population of 391 buses. The buses were classified by EURO technology (EURO 1: 36, EURO 2: 251 and EURO 3: 104). For the measurement of gases, a Bacharach model ECA 450 environmental combustion analyzer was used to determine the concentrations of each greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere by means of stoichiometric and physical calculations. The gases analyzed were carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, which were expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent using the updated value assigned by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) known as the Global Warming Potential. An emission of 8,792.38 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent was estimated for a period of one year of operation. The statistical analysis was performed with the Welch ANOVA method while the GamesHowell method was used for the post-hoc analysis. A statistically significant difference was found between the EURO 2 and EURO 3 groups. For the calculation of the externality, the shadow price of EUR 140 (approx. USD 160) was used, which corresponds to an external cost equivalent to EUR 1,230,933.20 (USD 1,403,263).