Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Loreto, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) Balseca Pinos, Edgar Rafael; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The city of Ambato is one of the areas with high seismic hazard in Ecuador, this parameter combined with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure, represent the level of seismic risk that could occur in seismic events. The seismic vulnerability of buildings allows us to quantify structural damage based on their own characteristics, being the only variable that can be influenced to reduce the level of risk, since it depends on aspects such as the type of structural system, presence of irregularities in plan and elevation, level of maintenance of the building, application of regulations and building codes. For this reason, it was essential to evaluate the existing metal structure buildings in the parish of Huachi Loreto, to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability and seismic risk index that they present, and thus, apply a detailed vulnerability analysis for one of the most representative buildings and design a proposal for structural strengthening. To evaluate the seismic vulnerability, approved methodologies of rapid visual inspection were used through the forms established in the NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS, these formats were adequate to evaluate a wide set of buildings in metal structure and collect general data of the parish Huachi Loreto, which showed that the vulnerability of the buildings is mostly high. Based on this study, the structure called EM09 corresponding to Plaza Pachano was selected to perform a more detailed vulnerability analysis using computational resources to apply the linear static and spectral modal method, with which the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. The most relevant pathologies were the presence of corrosion, non-prequalified connections, inadequate assembly conditions, local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included increasing the cross-sections of the main elements until they were compact and also changing the secondary elements for more efficient sections. Finally, suggestions were made to maintain the structural system in favorable conditions for serviceability and seismic conditions.
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    Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas de la parroquia La Península, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024) Pérez Castro, Víctor Hugo; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The parish of La Peninsula in the city of Ambato is located in an area of high seismic hazard in Ecuador. This parameter, together with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure, represents the level of risk that could occur in the face of these events. Seismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistance capacity under the action of an earthquake, based on the characteristics of the building such as the type of structural system, irregularities in the floor plan, elevation, frequency of maintenance, application of regulations, construction codes and other parameters that are controllable, to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability and seismic risk index of the buildings. The first step was to identify the buildings in which the main component was the metal structure, and from there, with the help of the forms proposed in the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS standards, it was finally possible to establish the degree of vulnerability of these buildings. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of traditional moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability, in this case a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed,
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba zona 1, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Toapanta Tixilema, Hugo Fabián; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    The city of Ambato has a high seismic hazard. For all the buildings that have been built and will be built are directly exposed to a high seismic risk. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a seismic vulnerability analysis of the structures and specifically those which have been built in areas with geological faults or that have been implemented in places where earthquakes have previously occurred and caused human or material losses. The Izamba parish is one of the areas with high seismic danger due to the previously mentioned factors. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the state in which the metal structure buildings were found in terms of the structural system they were built with, and the irregularities that were part of each building. The methodology carried out for the analysis was mixed, the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms used qualitative criteria to determine the degree of vulnerability of the buildings, while the detailed analysis with linear methods was quantitative. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of ordinary moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability. In this case, a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed. Subsequently, a structural reinforcement system was proposed and its efficiency was verified by means of the static and modal spectral analysis and the seismic-resistant design criteria established by the current regulations in force. Finally, computational tools were used for the structural calculation and verification of the proposed design.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Santa Rosa zona 1, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Suatunce Toaquiza, Víctor Jonny; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    Seismic vulnerability analysis is a relevant parameter within the context in which the city of Ambato is located. Due to the seismic hazard, buildings are exposed to a constant threat, especially those located in areas with geological faults, sites where earthquakes have previously occurred and generated collapses and human losses. The Santa Rosa parish is one of the areas with a high seismic hazard due to the previously mentioned factors. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the condition of the metal structure buildings in terms of the structural system with which they were built and the irregularities in elevation and in plan that were part of each building. The methodology carried out for the analysis was mixed, the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms used qualitative criteria to determine the degree of vulnerability of the buildings, while the detailed analysis with linear methods was quantitative. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of ordinary moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability, in this case a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed. Subsequently, a structural reinforcement system was proposed and its efficiency was verified by means of the static and modal spectral analysis and the seismic-resistant design criteria established by the current regulations in force. Finally, computational tools were used for the structural calculation and verification of the proposed design.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Grande, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Santander Paredes, Pablo Andrés; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The district of Huachi Grande is part of the rural area of the city of Ambato; however, in recent years it has shown an important economic development not only through agricultural activities, but also through the industrial sector. The objective of this research work was to analyze the seismic vulnerability of metal structure buildings in the district and to evaluate in detail the vulnerability of one of the most representative buildings in order to design a reinforcement proposal. Methods such as rapid visual inspection using the forms established in FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS were used. It was found that the vulnerability of the buildings in the district was high in the majority of cases. For this reason, an industrial building with a mixed system of hotrolled steel portal frames and cold-rolled steel trusses was selected; the building presented pathologies derived from conceptual errors in the design and assembly of the structure. A detailed vulnerability analysis was performed on the selected building through the linear static and spectral modal method; the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. It was found that the building does not comply with the load solicitations established by NEC 15; therefore, it was necessary to propose a reinforcement system. The most relevant pathologies were local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included the addition of elements in the columns to form compact elements and also the replacement of secondary elements with more efficient sections. Additional failures were identified such as the inadequate location of tension elements in the trusses and the need to locate San Andres cross members. The reinforcement will allow the building to perform better under service and seismic loads.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia La Matriz, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Mayorga Ases, Leticia Abigail; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo Enrique
    The city of Ambato is one of the areas with high seismic hazard in Ecuador, this parameter combined with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure represent the level of seismic risk that could occur in the event of seismic events. The vulnerability of buildings is the only variable that can be influenced to reduce the level of risk, since it depends on aspects such as the type of structural system, presence of irregularities in plan and elevation, level of maintenance of the building, application of regulations and building codes, and other parameters that are controllable. For this reason, it was essential to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of existing metal structure buildings to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability of buildings in La Matriz district and, related to this, the seismic risk index. To evaluate the seismic vulnerability, methodologies approved by national and international entities were used, such as the NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms, which showed good results to evaluate a wide range of buildings and collect general data for the La Matriz district. Based on this analysis, the Plaza Cívica Mercado Urbina was selected for a more detailed vulnerability analysis using computational resources to apply linear static, spectral modal, and nonlinear static analysis. With the detailed methodology it was possible to know in detail the conditions in which the building was found and the seismic performance, it was determined that the structural system is robust and that it behaves rigidly in the presence of seismic loads, however, there are construction details that could generate collapses by rupture failure mechanisms in the areas of stress accumulation, this was the case of the connections between beams and columns. To mitigate future problems in the building, a system of reinforcement and stress dissipation was proposed by means of a finite element analysis. Finally, suggestions were made to maintain the structural system in favorable conditions for service conditions.
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    Análisis comparativo del comportamiento sísmico de una estructura de hormigón armado de diseño convencional frente a un modelo con disipadores de energía tipo BRB y su incidencia en la relación costo/beneficio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-01) Sánchez Arcos, Alex Francisco; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    For the present research work, a comparative analysis of the seismic behavior between a conventional system and a system with BRB-type energy dissipators was carried out in a 6-story building with a total area of 291.38 m2. The structure is located in the city of Ambato and is classified as essential according to the provisions of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. The methodology of a nonlinear static analysis (Pushover) was extracted to evaluate the performance of each structural system based on an earthquake with a return period of 475 years, with an exceedance probability of 10 percent in 50 years. For the design of the structural elements, as well as the BRB energy dissipators, both national (NEC 15) and international standards were used: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13), American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-14), American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 341-16). Obtaining displacement results, derivatives of floors, optimal structural elements, seismic behavior and performance levels of the two structural systems under study.
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    Comparación de la respuesta sísmica entre pórticos especiales a momento y pórticos arriostrados excéntricamente, en un edificio de acero de 10 pisos, en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Aleaga Del Salto, Luis Alfonso; Guevara Robalino, Jorge Javier
    Ecuador is a country of high seismic danger; therefore, the calculation of structures will always be a challenge for engineers since every day new advances in science and technology emerge, making it possible to predict the behavior of a building in extreme events such as earthquakes; in this work the Ceinci-Lab Computer System has been used, which allowed to perform analysis and design of structures step by step obtaining clear and accurate results. The objective of this research is to compare the seismic response between special moment frames and eccentrically braced frames in a 10-story steel building. A simple and regular structural configuration was used to obtain a better seismic performance of all the components of the system. Subsequently, the seismicresistant analysis of the frames was carried out with the different structural configurations proposed in the Ceinci-Lab computer program, using the linear modal spectral and static equivalent analysis for its resolution and complying with the guidelines established in the Ecuadorian construction standard and international codes; finally, it was determined that the building composed of eccentric diagonals had a better seismic response than the one composed of moment resisting frames, obtaining lower displacements and floor drifts; It was also verified that the demand versus capacity of each system is optimal, thus ensuring a strong column - weak beamxvii behavior; additionally, a nonlinear pushover analysis was performed to determine the real maximum resistance of the structure and the performance of all its components; therefore, it is essential to consider the use of bracing in the structural configuration of medium-rise buildings, especially with short link elements, since they act as energy dissipaters, improving the stiffness and global response of the system in severe earthquakes.
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    Análisis experimental del desempeño sísmico del edificio de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, mediante la medición de aceleraciones
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-06) Pilco Yaguar, Patricia Nataly; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge Washington
    In the present research work, according to a qualitative and quantitative analysis, the degree of vulnerability of the Faculty of Jurisprudence and Social Sciences of block 1A-1B and block 2 of the Technical University of Ambato of the Huachi campus was obtained. For the qualitative methodology, rapid visual inspection matrices established by FEMA 154 were obtained, which shows that block 1A-1B shows that the structure is vulnerable and has a probability of collapse and block 2 shows that it has a low degree of vulnerability to a seismic activity, according to NEC-15, shows that it has a high degree of vulnerability of both blocks, this classification was obtained by the irregularities in plan and elevation, the type of soil, the year the building was built and knocking problems with adjacent structures. For the quantitative analysis, it will be delayed using the ETABS software in block 1A-1B, it does not meet the parameters established by the NEC since drifts greater than 2 percent are present, for which a reinforcement of placing San Andrés crosses was carried out in the building thus reducing the drifts, therefore, increasing the rigidity and resistance. In block 2, the parameters comply with the current standard. In addition, the analysis of the vibration acceleration of the structure was incorporated through the AISC 11 standard, which determined that the structures are under the limit of 0.50 percent, which is for educational buildings.
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    Diseño estructural en bambú y madera de un centro cultural y recreativo, realizado con herramientas tecnológicas en la cabecera cantonal del cantón Mocha, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Copo Ramos, Kevin Alexis; Guevara Robalino, Jorge Javier
    The objective of this technical project is to execute the structural design of a building that will serve the population and visitors of the Mocha canton, two models are presented that were executed with Guadua Angustifolia Kunth (Gak) and another model that was made with wood of structural group A, materials that are different from those normally used in construction. To guarantee a correct structural performance in case of any seismic eventuality of the models, the requirements of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015) were complied with. In the elaboration of this project, a descriptive and bibliographic research with different authors was applied, which are shown in this work. Once the geometry and architectural configuration of the model was defined, with the help of a professional in charge of the GAD Mocha, the design of the structures was carried out with the materials chosen for this project, using structural analysis and design software. A pre-dimensioning was carried out and later refined with the internal forces shown in the program and a spreadsheet was used to check if these forces complied with the allowable stresses of the materials in the sections proposed for each model. Then, to validate the design, the different seismic requirements, drifts, stability index, shear control and design considerations specified in the NEC (2015). Finally, the threedimensional modeling of the structures was carried out in a specialized drawing program.