Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Caracterización de la flamabilidad de los materiales de revestimiento utilizados en construcción, ensayados a borde
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Valdez Pombosa., Anthony Abel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    The new coating techniques have been used significantly in constructions, in such a way that their behavior against fire has not been considered, which raises questions regarding fire events. From the above, this investigative work was developed on fire reaction tests of construction materials such as Gypsum/ceiling and melamine subjected to the direct action of the fire flame according to the NTE INEN-ISO 11925 standard. 2, for which the physical properties of each material were analyzed and subsequently tested on edge for 30 seconds. In addition, a total of 36 samples were obtained, taking into account 18 specimens of each material with their 3 respective thicknesses, and 3 sectioned longitudinally and 3 transversely, in order to know if the direction of application of the material influences the its flammability. As a result, it was obtained that the melamine materials present an initial ignition, which does not occur with the Gypsum/ceiling materials. It was also evident that the vertical propagation of the flame does not reach the height of 150mm, consequently according to the behavior against the fire and according to the physical properties, each material was classified according to the EN 13501- 1 standard, where Gypsum/ceiling was categorized in class type C, and melamine in class type D, highlighting that all these materials for the production of smoke It is class type S3 and for the fall of inflamed droplets/particles it is class type D2.
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    Análisis comparativo del índice de inflamabilidad horizontal bajo la norma ISO 3795, entre materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzado con fibras naturales (fibra de cabuya, fibra de chambira, fibra de coco y fibra de totora) frente a la fibra de vidrio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Chaglla Toapanta, Bryan Joel; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
    Today, the use of composite materials is very common in various professional and industrial applications, so it is necessary to ensure that the materials meet a high level of safety for the end user. Creating composite materials lies in the sole purpose of improving their properties, therefore, in the present investigation it is intended to evaluate and compare the fire resistance of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced with natural fibers (cabuya, chambira, coconut and totora) against a synthetic fiber (fiberglass), allowing us to consider a possible substitution of synthetic materials for environmentally friendly materials, which could open a new market for their commercialization. In order to establish the appropriate percentages for the formation of composite materials, the volumetric fractions of previously carried out titling works were taken into consideration, where the percentages that provide the best characteristics of the material are detailed, having these values, the amount of resin, fiber and catalyst necessary for each configuration was calculated, after that, all these components were placed in the mold sized according to the NTE INEN ISO 3795 standard, applying manual compression on each material, once the process was completed, it was necessary to you have to wait for the curing time and verify that the new material is fully solidified. Once the samples were ready, they were sent to the LIM-UTA Mechanical Research Laboratory, to be tested, finally the combustion rate of each material was obtained, where an average of 3.61 mm/min was recorded for the Cabuya fiber, 6.72 mm/min for the Chambira fiber, 4.91 mm/min for the coconut fiber, 8.46 mm/min for the reed fiber and 9.18 mm/min for the glass fiber. Based on the results, it was possible to determine that the cabuya fiber-reinforced polyester resin composite material with a value equivalent to 3.61 mm/min is the material with the lowest propagation index compared to the other fibers evaluated.