Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/898
Browse
10 results
Search Results
Item Análisis del desempeño sísmico del edificio cooperativa de ahorro y crédito Chibuleo ubicado en el cantón Machala(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Pintag Quitio, Esau Ernesto; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThrough scientific research, it is understood that a linear static analysis was not enough to understand the behavior of a structure, hence the need to analyze it under a non-linear regime. The present experimental work for its development was carried out in 4 phases: Initial phase, consisted of collecting all the necessary data of the building, structural and architectural plans, destructive tests of concrete and steel, determining the mechanical properties of the material with their respective control reports. quality, for verification, with the purpose of implementing a three-dimensional mathematical model in engineering software. For the first, the structural response was analyzed through linear seismic analysis, verifying: vibration period, participatory mass, plan torsion, static basal shear, dynamic basal shear, floor derivatives, structural elements (beams, columns) and seismic resistance criteria according to per NEC-SE-DS-15. For the second, the capacity curve was calculated using Pushover analysis and the behavioral objectives proposed by the VISION 2000 committee for a frequent, occasional, rare and very rare earthquake were evaluated using the ASCE 41 coefficient method. 13. As a result, in phase 3, an optimal strengthening method at the structural element level was proposed, according to the data of linear seismic analysis and nonlinear static seismic analysis, and the analyzes of phases 1 and phase 2 were carried out again. .in order to check if the reinforcement was optimal for the building.Item Estudio comparativo del diseño sismo resistente de una edificación de estructura metálica de cinco pisos con arriostramientos concéntrico y excéntrico en la Unidad Educativa Tres de Marzo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Sanabria Espinoza, María Natividad; López Arboleda, Alex GustavoThe objective of this work was the comparative study of the seismic behavior of buildings with two bracing systems. In Ecuador there are different zones with seismic danger, for this reason, recently improvements have been implemented in the design and construction of steel structure buildings, some of these improvements are the implementation of bracing systems. Although this practice is very useful to improve the seismic behavior of buildings, locally its performance is still being studied. In the analysis proposed in this work, concentric bracing (in X and V) and eccentric bracing (in X and V) were considered for a specific zone. In order to analyze the seismic behavior of the building, the soilstructure conditions were applied with the characteristics of the Chimbo canton that were compiled from a soil study, additionally, a basic building was configured, in which the 4 different types of bracings were applied in order to identify if there is a system that presents a better performance. A Pushover analysis was applied to all configurations to establish which system provides the best results. Finally, it was identified that the inverted V bracings provide the building with greater flexibility without the need to compromise its integrity.Item Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba (Zona 3), Ambato, Ecuador. Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Vargas Aráuz, Ángela Verónica; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThis research work shows the application of the rapid visual inspection methodology according to FEMA P-154, with which it is possible to identify, inventory and examine the possible seismic risks of the buildings evaluated and with this information decide if a detailed structural evaluation is necessary. The seismic vulnerability according to FEMA P-154 is expressed in terms of the probability of collapse of the structure, with this information you can manage contingency plans before and after earthquakes and inform the owner of the building the status and possibility of structural reinforcement. After carrying out the evaluation of the selected buildings, a representative structure was determined located in the Izamba parish of the city of Ambato, which was chosen for its level of importance and based on the results of the previous evaluation. With the data obtained from the rapid visual inspection and the documentation obtained from the representative building, a linear static analysis was carried out, with the application of the Ecuadorian construction standard, to determine the current behavior of the structure according to its efforts, displacements, and maximum permitted drifts. The structural analysis determined that the building presents great flexibility and fails in some members such as beams and columns. As a solution to the problem detected, structural reinforcement was chosen with steel diagonals to increase the rigidity of the structure and incorporate additional structural members that support seismic actions. The research was completed by performing the nonlinear static analysis known as Pushover of the reinforced building, from this analysis the capacity curve is obtained and the probable performance of the structure before the design earthquake can be verified.Item Análisis técnico económico del coeficiente de reducción de respuesta estructural con aplicación y comparación en sistemas aporticados de estructuras metálicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Jácome Guanopatín, Ángel Patricio; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy FernandoIn this degree work, the analysis and calculation of the seismic reduction factor for a structure with special moment frames (PEM or SMF) composed of four different mathematical models where the seismic reduction factor changes with values of R=8, 6, 4, 5 and 3. 5 and 3; performing the dynamic linear structural analysis of the four models, each structure changes according to the demand required by the seismic forces, determining that the lower the value of R the larger sections are required in the structure, in spite of the above, the fundamental vibration period of the structures was maintained for R= 8, 6 and 4. 5, while for the factor R=3 the period is slightly reduced resulting in a stiffer structure, as the seismic response factor is reduced, more robust sections are required to provide more weight to the structure to meet the demand. An economic analysis was performed with the sections obtained, which shows that the lower the R value, the structure requires a higher weight and therefore influences a higher cost, so the structure with the lowest cost is the structure with an R=8. Additionally, a pseudo-static non-linear analysis was determined to determine the structural performance of each of the four models using the ATC-40 and FEMA- 440 methods, highlighting that the models maintain the same architectural and geometric configuration but with different sections in certain elements that required a higher geometry as the R value decreases, after obtaining the results of the static non-linear analysis, the performance point was determined using the ASCE 41-17 and FEMA 440 (2005) methodology, resulting in the R=8, 6, 4. 5 and 3 for 475 years has a performance level in X and Y of immediate occupancy. For the determination of the structural response factor, the methodology proposed by Dr. Aguiar 2006 was followed, which is similar to that of ATC-19 (1995), where the ductility, resistance and redundancy factor is determined, data that are collected from the performance point obtained for the elastic design spectrum with a return period of 475 years, the structural response factors R obtained establish that the average range is between 6 and 7.5, on the other hand the structure that presents greater capacity and performance is the one that was designed with R=4. 5 so having extremely rigid sections does not guarantee stability and ductility in a structure, finally a high level of performance (immediate occupation) and seismic energy dissipation capacity is established in the structure designed with a R=6 where its value is similar and slightly lower than 4.5, so it is concluded that for a structure of special steel composite moment frames a design with a structural response factor equal to 6 should be sought.Item Comparación de la respuesta sísmica entre pórticos especiales a momento y pórticos arriostrados excéntricamente, en un edificio de acero de 10 pisos, en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Aleaga Del Salto, Luis Alfonso; Guevara Robalino, Jorge JavierEcuador is a country of high seismic danger; therefore, the calculation of structures will always be a challenge for engineers since every day new advances in science and technology emerge, making it possible to predict the behavior of a building in extreme events such as earthquakes; in this work the Ceinci-Lab Computer System has been used, which allowed to perform analysis and design of structures step by step obtaining clear and accurate results. The objective of this research is to compare the seismic response between special moment frames and eccentrically braced frames in a 10-story steel building. A simple and regular structural configuration was used to obtain a better seismic performance of all the components of the system. Subsequently, the seismicresistant analysis of the frames was carried out with the different structural configurations proposed in the Ceinci-Lab computer program, using the linear modal spectral and static equivalent analysis for its resolution and complying with the guidelines established in the Ecuadorian construction standard and international codes; finally, it was determined that the building composed of eccentric diagonals had a better seismic response than the one composed of moment resisting frames, obtaining lower displacements and floor drifts; It was also verified that the demand versus capacity of each system is optimal, thus ensuring a strong column - weak beamxvii behavior; additionally, a nonlinear pushover analysis was performed to determine the real maximum resistance of the structure and the performance of all its components; therefore, it is essential to consider the use of bracing in the structural configuration of medium-rise buildings, especially with short link elements, since they act as energy dissipaters, improving the stiffness and global response of the system in severe earthquakes.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio de Ciencias Aplicadas de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, campus Huachi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Gutiérrez Claudio, Danny Alexander; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonEcuador is located in an area of high seismic hazard, therefore it is necessary to carry out an evaluation of the seismic performance of existing buildings. For this purpose, the study was carried out in the Applied Sciences building of the Technical University of Ambato, Huachi Campus. The performance analysis began with a quick visual inspection applying the FEMA P-154 and NEC 2015 forms, where the result of this technique corresponded to a medium-grade seismic vulnerability. Next, a spectral modal analysis was carried out, through which it was determined that the structure does not meet the earthquake resistance parameters established by the NEC 2015, therefore it was considered necessary to propose a reinforcement of the structure. At the level of global reinforcement, type V braces were implemented at levels N+3.24m to level N+ 16.20m in order to stabilize the structure. At the local level, in beams and columns, a sheathing of the structural elements was proposed through angles and steel plates. Analyzing the reinforced structure, it was verified that it complies with the NEC 2015 guidelines. Once the structure was stabilized, a non-linear static analysis or Pushover was carried out, verifying that it reached the objectives determined by the NEC 2015, for a rare earthquake the performance point is at the operational level, while for a very rare earthquake the performance is in collapse prevention.Item Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y medición de vibraciones en losas de entrepiso para el reforzamiento estructural del edificio del Centro de Idiomas, campus Huachi Chico de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Caiza Changoluisa, Jhofre Wilfrido; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonEn el presente proyecto se determinó el grado de vulnerabilidad sísmica del edificio a través de las siguientes metodologías: La primera abarca las metodologías cualitativas: FEMA P-154 que indica un valor S= 2.4 (probabilidad de colapso de 1/251); otra es expuesta en la NEC 2015 que indica un puntaje S= 2.4 (vulnerabilidad media) y la de la Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos que presenta un puntaje de 3.2 (vulnerabilidad baja). La segunda abarca las metodologías cuantitativas en las que se realizaron el Análisis Modal Espectral con la configuración de secciones y cargas actuales, obteniendo que no se cumple con los parámetros requeridos por la normativa vigente NEC-SE-DS 2015, por lo que se plantea una propuesta de reforzamiento de la estructura mediante el empleo de arriostramientos en pórticos definidos y el encamisado de columnas específicas de la planta baja, logrando así cumplir los parámetros normativos. Para evaluar la propuesta de reforzamiento se realizó el Análisis Estático No Lineal (Pushover) de donde se obtuvo el punto de desempeño para cada espectro de demanda sísmica empleado (Determinista, NEC 475 y NEC 2500) con lo que se determinó que el edificio reforzado cumple con los requerimientos normativos. Adicionalmente se realizó la medición de vibraciones en losas de entrepiso utilizando la herramienta Walking Vibration de Etabs, donde se definieron senderos críticos para determinar las mayores aceleraciones verticales mediante un análisis lineal tiempohistoria que al comparar con el valor límite que presenta la Guía 11 del AISC se determina que no hay problemas de vibración.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio del honorable consejo universitario mediante la medición de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-01) Tovar Molina, Santiago Alejandro; Suquillo Ronquillo, Betzabeth JesseniaThe present research work focused on implementing several methods for the determination of vulnerability of the structure belonging to the Honorable University Council of the Technical University of Ambato, one of them is the rapid visual inspection, which is a qualitative method that uses formats based in FEMA 154, as well as local regulations such as Guide 5 for the Evaluation and Rehabilitation of structures presented by the NEC 2015. Through the implementation of these methods, it was determined that the structure under study has a high vulnerability. In order to verify the qualitative vulnerability results obtained by visual inspection methods, quantitative methodologies were used, for this a linear and non-linear analysis (Pushover) was performed. The linear analysis showed that the structure in its current state does not comply with parameters such as the period of vibration, torsional participation and inelastic drifts, which are based on the NEC 2015. On the other hand, through the non-linear static analysis carried out on the structure in its current state, it was identified that it does not have the necessary capacity to be able to meet the criteria and acceptance levels for the different seismic demands, showing that it has a high degree vulnerability. It is for this reason that a reinforcement was proposed with the help of the implementation of stiffeners and a reinforcement through the filling of concrete in columns, to increase the resistance capacity, taking into account that it has cold-formed square tubular profiles.Item Análisis comparativo del desempeño sísmico en edificos de hormigón de mediana altura aplicando riostras de pandeo restringido en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Zamora Altamirano, Julio Santiago; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaFor this research work we proceeded to perform a comparative analysis of the structural behavior for two types of systems: conventional and with the application of a modern system of seismic dissipation, in an 11-story building consisting of two elevators in an area of 400 square meters; The structure is located in the city of Ambato and was classified in special using the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. The methodology of a Pushover nonlinear static analysis was used to evaluate the performance of each proposed structural system based on a rare earthquake, which is usually the design earthquake with a return period of 475 years with a 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. For the design of the structural elements of the building, as well as for the seismic dissipation system, national and international standards such as the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), American Society Of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ACSE 41-13), American Institute Of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16) were used. Giving us as results the displacements, floor drifts, system energy, behavior and performance levels of the two types of structures with the help of ETABS 2016 software.Item Evaluación del desempeño sísmico del edificio de la Oscus mediante comparación del análisis estático no lineal (Pushover), análisis estático modal (Pushover Multimodal) y dinámico no-lineal (Historia de Respuesta).(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Galarza Altamirano, Daniela Alexandra; Medina Robalino, Christian DavidFor this investigation, in first instance the structural plans of the building "Oscus" were obtained, in addition the resistance to compression of concrete was obtained by means of sclerometric tests, the current regulations in the year of construction was the Ecuadorian Code of Construction (CEC-77 in base of ACI 318-71). Based on this information, the building was modeled in three dimensions in Etabs 2016 software, considering non-linearity parameters. For the definition of the demand, the response spectrum and appropriately selected accelerograms were used, adjusted and scaled according to the NEC-SE-DS for an earthquake with probability of exceeding 50 years of 10% . Necessary information was gathered from publications such as: FEMA-440, FEMA- 356 and ATC-40 in addition to scientific articles. Non-linear seismic analysis procedures were performed, such as: Time History (NL-RHA), Pushover (NSP) and Multimodal Pushover (MPA), by defining their respective modal cases, once the analysis was finished, the results were processed. , which were compared in terms of displacements, drifts, capacity and level of damage, where it was possible to detect some deficiencies, limitations, advantages and disadvantages of the analyzes. Of the alternative seismic analysis methodologies studied, the one that produces the smallest errors is the MPA analysis, for this reason, it is concluded that it is the most appropriate. The three analyzes determined that the structure reaches its maximum displacement before fulfilling its objective displacement which means a great inconsistency in its seismic performance demonstrating its high vulnerability and risk of possible collapse.