Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis del tratamiento de aguas grises procedentes del lavabo de la cocina con el uso de técnicas alternativas en viviendas unifamiliares en la parroquia Atahualpa, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-03) Peñaloza Mera, Estefanía Gabriela; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe present project aims to implement two alternative techniques capable of purifying and removing pollutants present in the gray water coming from the kitchen sink of a singlefamily home, in order to analyze whether the water treated by these systems is capable of being reused. First, the sector to work was chosen: Area of Santa Fe, Atahualpa Parish, Ambato district, Tungurahua Province. Consequently, a survey was carried out for the inhabitants of the single-family dwellings (MIDUVI) in the chosen sector, where questions were useful for the effectiveness of the design of the proposed alternatives. The first technique is based on a wastewater treatment system composed mainly of a grease trap and a FAFA filter (Up flow Anaerobic Filter); whose designs, construction and operation have been determined based on the Pan-American Health Organization. (OPS) and the Salvadoran Association of Engineers and Architects (ASIA); as an experimental part we used materials such as: crushed lava rock (diameter: 5 cm), rounded rock (diameter: 5 to 10 cm - regulated in the OPS) and crushed moringa seed. This treatment system will include a storage tank for raw gray water, and a storage tank for treated water when leaving the system. The second alternative consists of a treatment system proposed by Katukiza, it is a series filter of silica sand (diatoms) and crushed lava rock (diameter: 0.5 - 1 cm), with gravel bases under each material (diameter: 1 cm); Its design and construction is easier and less expensive, this treatment system will include a storage tank for raw gray water, and a storage tank for treated water leaving the system. The results of the raw water sampling, together with the results of the water treated by alternative 1 and 2, were analysed in the EMAPA quality control laboratory (SAE accreditation), which showed that both alternative 1 and 2 have been able to remove appreciable amounts of oils and fats, BOD5, COD, floating material, nitrites, pH and sulphates; however, alternative 2 showed a better performance.Item Optimización del sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la planta piloto de la lavadora de vehículos Octupus del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-03) Pérez Martínez, Eric Gustavo; Trujillo Jaramillo, Ramiro Alfonso; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoIn the present experimental work, the optimization of the wastewater treatment plant, built in the “Octopus” vehicle washer, was carried out. In the first instance, possible optimization methods for the wastewater treatment plant were analyzed for each stage of its process. Based on the information obtained, the method consisting of a galvanized steel structure with polycarbonate sheets was selected, which was placed in the settler, which aims to increase the hydraulic retention time. Natural coagulant (Moringa Oleifera) was also used in the settler and grease trap. Maintenance of the wastewater treatment plant was carried out, cleaning it and changing the filters (Peat Bed, Volcanic Pyroclastic and Activated Carbon). Once the cleaning and optimization had been carried out, the samples were taken, which consisted of a sample of two liters of water during a period of eight weeks, in which the: BOD that is consumed during 5 weeks was determined by physicalchemical analysis. days, COD, Total Suspended Solids, Settling Solids, Oils and Fats, Temperature, pH and Surfactants as well as Color, Conductivity and Turbidity analysis. The results obtained in the laboratory were compared with the limits established by TULSMA for effluents that can be discharged to the public sewer network in which all the determinations complied with the regulations, giving a decontamination effectiveness of 93 percent.Item Análisis de piedra poméz como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales provenientes de la lavadora y tinturadora de jeans “Dayantex”. ubicada en el cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Sánchez Ortiz, Giovanni Santiago; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoIn this work, we present the evaluation of the Pómez stone as a filtering material for treated wastewater from “DAYANTEX” washer and dyeing of jeans. This study was carried out during 90 days (3 months) where samples were collected and analyzed each 10 days, the parameters studied were: Color, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5); to know the efficiency of the Pómez stone. A metallic structure was designed to support the effluent and the filtering material, the volume of wastewater treated was also calculated, during the 90 days, with a flow rate of 0.105 l / min. The results obtained for the parameters of Color, COD and BOD5 show an increase in the efficiency of the Pumice stone with the passing of the days in use, arriving to present the best values of efficiency in the last tree tens of days studied; reached 86.2%, 95.22% and 94.91% for Color, COD and BOD5, respectively. With this study we demonstrated that the Pómez stone can be used by decontaminate the wastewater from a washer and dye of jeans, with a total volume of 3135 gallons treated in 90 days with optimum results of efficiency.Item Análisis del bagazo de la caña de azúcar como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la industria de lácteos “Lácteos Valenzuela Divino Niño” de la provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón Saquisilí(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Toapanta Molina, Álvaro Santiago; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoIn the present work try to evaluate the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse in the pre-treatment of a residual milk effluent; for the development of the work was taken a period of 90 days, which estimated a residual flow of (0.13ltrs / sec) and a final volume = 4680ltrs / Labor day, corresponding a volume of milk waste = 360ltrs / Labor day; the following initial concentrations of Oils and Fats (1324mg / l), BOD5 (2631mg / l) and COD (5560mg / l) are present. The purifying capacity of the filter material is determined by a sampling of filtered water for analysis every 10 days, and by means of the results obtained, establish the time to be replaced, also by through of a microscopic sweep observe the degenerative process of the material. The maximum efficiencies achieved are around: 30.55% (Oils and Fats), 81.07% (BOD5) and 79.78% (COD), during the first 60 days, from there it is necessary to have more accurate and realistic results due to the inconsistent dispersion that can result in the sampling when the industrial production varies in working day and final byproduct, so in the last 30 days of treatment only the BOD5 (relevant parameter) of the waste water treated is analyzed and without treatment from the same collection and generative process of the day defined for sampling, with a filter riverbed change every 10 days. Getting a real average efficiency of 55.97%, and a microscopic sweep revealing a morphological structure dominated by surface wear, pores totally sealed by solid milk residues at micrometric level, separated near-smooth fibers creating gaps between them and even the presence of microorganisms . That said, it establishes a functional useful life of the filter media very short (30 days) and a greater efficiency during the initial 10 days of continuous filtration, in addition it emphasizes the relation cost / benefit being the material suitable for a pre-treatment or tertiary treatment although the adsorbate and adsorbent are of the same type (organic) giving way to a rapid degradationItem Análisis del carbón activado como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de un camal ubicado en el barrio El Porvenir del cantón Tisaleo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Escobar Peñafiel, Fernanda Lizbeth; Maldonado Narvaez, Lenin RafaelThe main objective of this work is to design a prototype filter with activated carbon to show the results obtained from a filtering process during the time of 90 days with weekly sampling, as a sample we have the sample at the beginning to the residual water as it exits the process of raw water and then compare it with the treated water through the filtration, these results will be compared every week and also compare with the permissible limits for the evacuation to the public sewer of the Book VI Annex 1: Environmental Quality Standard and effluent discharge resource: Water from the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation, Environment. The parameters that were analyzed were Oils and Fats, Biochemical Oxygen Demand in 5 days (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in a specialized laboratory, and once the results were obtained, the efficiency of the filter was verified using The percentage of removal that the water presents as time passes and it was concluded that the filter significantly decreases the parameters of BOD5 and COD and in a lower percentage the parameter oils and fats. Further research may be recommended to be used as a final process, not with the water that comes out directly after the slaughter process is completed, but rather after having undergone a conventional treatment such as for example only eliminating odors and clarifying it in this way can give better results.Item Análisis de carbón activado como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la lavadora y lubricadora de autos “Heredia” de la ciudad de Riobamba(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Avalos Rodríguez, Katherine Daniela; Paredes Beltrán, Bolívar EduardoThe purpose of this research project was to analyze activated carbon as a filter in the pre-treatment of wastewater from washer and lubricators of cars. The project had a development time of 90 days in which the industry and its infrastructure were known, the operation of the filter was monitored daily, in which a flow rate of 0.105 lt/min was applied, which would pass through 35 lt of filter material; besides, inlet and outlet flows were determined, thus having consume flow rate of 0.474 m3/vehicle. Initial tests were performed on the raw wastewater; that is, without any type of treatment, having the following concentrations: Oils and fats = 232 mg/lt, COD = 808 mg/lt and BOD5 = 348 mg/lt; Once the filter was applied, the purification capacity of the material was evaluated every 10 days with laboratory tests, showing decreases from the beginning of its application until reaching the following concentrations in the last analysis: Oils and fats = 0.35 mg/lt, COD = 3 mg/lt and BOD5 = 1.2 mg/lt that showed decreases up to the permissible TULSMA limits. When evaluating the activated carbon efficiency, the following results were obtained: Oils and fats = 99.85%, COD = 99.63% and BOD5 = 99.66%; suggesting that the material is suitable to reduce levels of contamination in these parameters.Item Análisis del piroclasto volcánico como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la Lavadora y Lubricadora de Autos “Ambato” ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Torres Jaya, Jean Carlo; Paredes Beltrán, Bolívar EduardoThe purpose of this experimental project is to evaluate the piroclasto volcanic as filter in wastewater treatment, by means physical-chemical analysis of the parameters under study, such as: Biochemical Oxygen Demand after 5 days (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Oils and Greases. The efficiency of the filter will be reflected by comparing the results obtained in certified laboratories of environmental services with the maximum permissible limit values by the TULSMA norm prior to discharge to the public sewer system. The industry under study is a car washer and lubricator, where the biological filter was installed (in situ), in order to better collect the wastewater samples in established periods of time (every 10 days) during the 90 days of operation thereof. For the implantation of the filter a metallic structure was used where the tank and the plastic container containing the stored the wastewater and the filtering material were placed, respectively. The volume of the piroclasto volcanic that was used was 35 lt with an optimum flow rate of 0.105 lt / min. Once laboratory results were obtained and tabulated, a reduction was observed in the concentration of BOD5, COD and oils and greases with percentages greater than 99% for the first two parameters and 75% for the last parameter analyzed.Item Tratamiento de agua para el consumo humano con radiación UV, para la inactivación de coliformes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) López Torres, Diego SantiagoThe UV radiation has disintegrating properties of microorganism DNA, so is for it a successfully option into the water purification field in order to make it apt for human consumption. Inside this experimental Project the effectiveness of using UV radiation is evident, after take a sample during five days in a row at 12:00, it was possible to make essays of the contaminated and treated samples , in front of the results obtained it’s more easier to understand the behavior of coliforms in the untreated water: The coliforms are presents in a small quantity in the water, however if water is turbid because of weather like a heavy rain, the coliforms quantity increase cause of the sediments dragged into the water, on the other hand it’s easy to understand the behavior of treated water: the resultant samples are coliforms free, it means that water is apt for human consumption because it is accord to the regulatory parameters of the permissible quantity of coliforms into the water for human consumption. Finally it concludes with an elaboration of a manual for Ultraviolet Radiation guide and usage for water purifying, it will benefit the desire of improve the knowledge of all the technologies innovations’ for water purifying.Item Estudio del sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales producidas por la lavadora y tinturadora de prendas de vestir “Cristian car” y su influencia en la red de alcantarillado del sector de Tambo el Progreso, cantón Pelileo, provincia del tungurahua(2015-12) Días Mayorga, Daniel Andrés; Jaramillo Garcés, Alfredo VinicioEl proyecto se o realizó en la Provincia de Tungurahua, Cantón Pelileo, sector Tambo el Progreso, el mismo que tuvo como enfoque el estudio de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la empresa y ayudados del Texto Unificado de Legislación Ambiental (TULAS) para saber los límites permisibles que debe tener el efluente para su descarga al alcantarillado. Al establecer una área de influencia se procedió a un análisis físico - químico del efluente para saber la calidad y tomar las medidas necesarias; ayudados de información cómo: bibliográfica, tesis, periódicos, encuestas, entre otros, contribuyó para estructurar el proyecto; una vez recolectada y evaluada la información se optó por realizar una mescla entre manual de operación y mantenimiento con una optimización de la planta de tratamiento, cuya finalidad es la disminución de los parámetros que se encuentran fuera de los límites y además que tenga una operacionalidad eficiente, también se realizó varios modelos de registro para la empresa, finalmente se socializó el proyecto con el dueño y los trabajadores de la lavandería para que exista un entendimiento del mismo y exponer las diferentes conclusiones y recomendaciones que arrojó el estudio.