Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones metálicas, hormigón y/o mixtas en la parroquia San Bartolomé de Pinllo, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural del edificio de San Bartolomé(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Zúñiga Zamora, Libio Vladimir; Núñez Aldas, Galo WilfridoThe current degree project includes two parts, the first one deals with the study of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings by using three methodologies, two international and one national, which will be carried out using the qualitative method of rapid visual inspection of houses, using the forms by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA P - 154) standard, the Building Indexes for Seismic Risk Management of the Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Research (FUNVISIS) and the Practical Guide for Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Structures, of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), each methodology will assign values and vulnerability indexes, and seismic prioritization to all buildings evaluated. The project will be carried out in a sample of buildings in the parish of San Bartolomé de Pinllo in the canton of Ambato, province of Tungurahua, to obtain vulnerability levels of the sector and assess the damage that may occur in buildings in an earthquake, hence the importance of proposing the research of modern systems of structural reinforcement. The buildings of the parish have vulnerabilities that are between medium-low and medium-high, which demonstrates the importance of applying these methods of rapid evaluation so that local governments can propose mitigation plans for seismic disasters. The second part of the research proposes the study of the steel building of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of San Bartolomé de Pinllo, with a special occupancy category, which is required to determine its structural behavior with the increase of two additional floors to the building, through static, linear dynamic and nonlinear analysis, respectively. To do so, three structural models of the 6-story building were applied. In the first one, linear static and dynamic analysis was developed, in which the effects of the loads and the equilibrium of the internal forces of the structure were determined, to obtain displacements and floor drifts according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15); In the second model, it was possible to determine the behavior of the structural elements with the sections considered, which make up the building, through plastic ball joints, using a non-linear static analysis (PUSHOVER), to obtain an indicator of the performance of the existing structure. In the third structural model, viscous fluid-type energy dissipators with single diagonal-type configurations were implemented. In addition, three pairs of synthetic accelerogram records were considered, each with its two horizontal components N-S and E-W, parameters necessary to analyze the structure through a nonlinear dynamic analysis (Time-History), to obtain the behavior of the structure with more real data and control its effects resulting from the increase of the two required floors, with which results of the influence of the dissipators on the structure, floor drifts, displacements and performance levels were obtained. The structural elements and the proposed reinforcement system were designed based on the American Institute of Steel Structures Code (AISC 360-10), the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE/SEI 41-17), and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-15). Finally, the referential cost of the proposed reinforcement system was determined.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Quisapincha, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Chango Palate, Mercedes Maribel; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueAs part of the analysis of seismic vulnerability in metal structure buildings in the city of Ambato, the study was carried out in the Quisapincha district. The Quisapincha district is an area of agricultural production; due to the characteristics of economic development and geographic location, it is considered a rural area. In the study area, 17 metal structure buildings were found, however, the characteristic typologies of the area were reduced to cold-rolled steel frames and steel frames with masonry block walls. The results of the vulnerability of the buildings studied in the parish were of high vulnerability since aspects such as the inadequate application of building codes and irregularities in plan and elevation were evident. The building selected for the detailed vulnerability analysis was the Quisapincha market, which corresponds to an industrial building with cold-rolled steel truss systems; however, since it is a public sector administration building, it was considered to be of greater importance than ordinary portal frame systems. For the detailed evaluation of the building, a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed to identify deficiencies in seismic performance and to identify strengthening mechanisms to improve the performance of the structure. The strengthening system included the application of a truss at the ridge between the spans in the central zone of the structure, application of San Andres cross bracing and stiffening through the application of brackets. The strengthening system improved the seismic performance of the building.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Grande, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Santander Paredes, Pablo Andrés; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe district of Huachi Grande is part of the rural area of the city of Ambato; however, in recent years it has shown an important economic development not only through agricultural activities, but also through the industrial sector. The objective of this research work was to analyze the seismic vulnerability of metal structure buildings in the district and to evaluate in detail the vulnerability of one of the most representative buildings in order to design a reinforcement proposal. Methods such as rapid visual inspection using the forms established in FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS were used. It was found that the vulnerability of the buildings in the district was high in the majority of cases. For this reason, an industrial building with a mixed system of hotrolled steel portal frames and cold-rolled steel trusses was selected; the building presented pathologies derived from conceptual errors in the design and assembly of the structure. A detailed vulnerability analysis was performed on the selected building through the linear static and spectral modal method; the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. It was found that the building does not comply with the load solicitations established by NEC 15; therefore, it was necessary to propose a reinforcement system. The most relevant pathologies were local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included the addition of elements in the columns to form compact elements and also the replacement of secondary elements with more efficient sections. Additional failures were identified such as the inadequate location of tension elements in the trusses and the need to locate San Andres cross members. The reinforcement will allow the building to perform better under service and seismic loads.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia La Matriz, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Mayorga Ases, Leticia Abigail; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo EnriqueThe city of Ambato is one of the areas with high seismic hazard in Ecuador, this parameter combined with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure represent the level of seismic risk that could occur in the event of seismic events. The vulnerability of buildings is the only variable that can be influenced to reduce the level of risk, since it depends on aspects such as the type of structural system, presence of irregularities in plan and elevation, level of maintenance of the building, application of regulations and building codes, and other parameters that are controllable. For this reason, it was essential to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of existing metal structure buildings to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability of buildings in La Matriz district and, related to this, the seismic risk index. To evaluate the seismic vulnerability, methodologies approved by national and international entities were used, such as the NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms, which showed good results to evaluate a wide range of buildings and collect general data for the La Matriz district. Based on this analysis, the Plaza Cívica Mercado Urbina was selected for a more detailed vulnerability analysis using computational resources to apply linear static, spectral modal, and nonlinear static analysis. With the detailed methodology it was possible to know in detail the conditions in which the building was found and the seismic performance, it was determined that the structural system is robust and that it behaves rigidly in the presence of seismic loads, however, there are construction details that could generate collapses by rupture failure mechanisms in the areas of stress accumulation, this was the case of the connections between beams and columns. To mitigate future problems in the building, a system of reinforcement and stress dissipation was proposed by means of a finite element analysis. Finally, suggestions were made to maintain the structural system in favorable conditions for service conditions.Item Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Atahualpa, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Sánchez Borja, Sebastián Vinicio; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThe present investigation consisted in the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of metallic buildings in the town of Atahualpa, this was used to evaluate and identified informal constructions, which need to be more analyzed, also this investigation was used to do a reinforcement proposition to an important building in the zone. In the first instance all the metallic buildings were identified and starting in that place the formularies of the normative FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS, and finally stablish the vulnerability grade of the buildings. Subsequently, a summary table was obtained, where the vulnerability values, general data and prioritization index of the buildings were identified. Once the most important structure in the parish was selected, the structural design and analysis of the seismic behavior was carried out, through the linear spectral modal analysis, the linear time history analysis and pushover with and without dissipators, with which a structural reinforcement was proposed for a return period of 475 years, using viscous dissipators.Item Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y medición de vibraciones en losas de entrepiso para el reforzamiento estructural del edificio del Centro de Idiomas, campus Huachi Chico de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Caiza Changoluisa, Jhofre Wilfrido; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonEn el presente proyecto se determinó el grado de vulnerabilidad sísmica del edificio a través de las siguientes metodologías: La primera abarca las metodologías cualitativas: FEMA P-154 que indica un valor S= 2.4 (probabilidad de colapso de 1/251); otra es expuesta en la NEC 2015 que indica un puntaje S= 2.4 (vulnerabilidad media) y la de la Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos que presenta un puntaje de 3.2 (vulnerabilidad baja). La segunda abarca las metodologías cuantitativas en las que se realizaron el Análisis Modal Espectral con la configuración de secciones y cargas actuales, obteniendo que no se cumple con los parámetros requeridos por la normativa vigente NEC-SE-DS 2015, por lo que se plantea una propuesta de reforzamiento de la estructura mediante el empleo de arriostramientos en pórticos definidos y el encamisado de columnas específicas de la planta baja, logrando así cumplir los parámetros normativos. Para evaluar la propuesta de reforzamiento se realizó el Análisis Estático No Lineal (Pushover) de donde se obtuvo el punto de desempeño para cada espectro de demanda sísmica empleado (Determinista, NEC 475 y NEC 2500) con lo que se determinó que el edificio reforzado cumple con los requerimientos normativos. Adicionalmente se realizó la medición de vibraciones en losas de entrepiso utilizando la herramienta Walking Vibration de Etabs, donde se definieron senderos críticos para determinar las mayores aceleraciones verticales mediante un análisis lineal tiempohistoria que al comparar con el valor límite que presenta la Guía 11 del AISC se determina que no hay problemas de vibración.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio de la Facultad de Contabilidad y Auditoría de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato mediante la medición de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-06) Laura Guerrero, Edwin Humberto; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioTo determine the seismic performance of the structure in its current state, a vulnerability analysis was performed by applying a qualitative and quantitative method. In the vulnerability analysis of the qualitative method, the rapid visual inspection technique described by FEMA 154 and NEC 2015 was used, taking into account the most relevant characteristics of the structure, the type of structural system, irregularities in plan and elevation, year and construction code, presenting a high vulnerability degree according to Fema 154 and a low vulnerability degree according to NEC 2015. In the quantitative analysis, a linear analysis was performed to know the structural behavior, where it was shown that they do not comply with the NEC 2015 standard, subsequently a non-linear static analysis was performed with the ATC-40 and FEMA-440 methodologies and where it was proven that the structure does not have enough capacity to reach the expected performance level according to the NEC 2015. With the results of the two methodologies, it was proposed the reinforcement at a global level with shear walls and at a local level with steel jacketing for beams and columns in order to ensure compliance with the performance levels. Finally, a comparison was made between the vibration periods obtained by the NEC-SE-DS methods and the period obtained by the empirical formulas based on environmental vibration studies, in order to relate the degree of vulnerability of the structure with the vibration periods.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio de la Facultad de Diseño, Arquitectura y Artes de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato mediante la medición de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Tamay Tixe, Pamela Estefanía; Suquillo Ronquillo, Betzabeth JesseniaIn this research project, a qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out to determine the vulnerability of the Design, Architecture and Arts building of the Technical University of Ambato. For the execution of the qualitative analysis, the methodology proposed by the International Standard FEMA 154, and the Ecuadorian Regulation NEC 2015 was used, a quick visual inspection was carried out, and through the matrices, the degree of seismic vulnerability of the structure was determined, where the classified the structure with a high seismic vulnerability, the most relevant parameters for the classification were: the structural system, the irregularities in plan and elevation, the type of soil and problems of knocking with adjacent structures. For the quantitative analysis, the Etabs software was used, with the collected data the linear analysis was performed to know the structural behavior, where it was shown that they do not comply with the current standard, later a non-linear static analysis was carried out with the ATC-methodologies. 40 and FEMA-440, where it was observed that the structure under study does not have sufficient capacity to reach different levels of seismic threat. A proposal for global structural reinforcement using shear walls was made to incorporate rigidity, considerably improving its behavior and complying with the checks established in the NEC 2015 standard, an analysis of environmental vibrations obtained by empirical formulas was incorporated and thus related to the degree of structure vulnerability.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación bloque 2 de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato mediante la medición de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Llugsha Muqinche, Fatima Maribel; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioTo determine the seismic performance of the structure in its current state, a vulnerability analysis was carried out applying a qualitative and quantitative method. In the vulnerability analysis of the qualitative method, the rapid visual inspection technique described by FEMA 154 and NEC 2015 was used, taking into account the most relevant characteristics of the structure, the type of structural system, irregularities in plan and elevation, the year and the building code, presenting a high degree of vulnerability according to Fema 154 and a low degree of vulnerability according to the NEC 2015. In the quantitative analysis, a linear analysis was carried out to know the structural behavior, where it was shown that no they comply with the NEC 2015 standard, subsequently a non-linear static analysis was carried out with the ATC-40 and FEMA-440 methodologies and where it was found that the structure does not have sufficient capacity to achieve the expected performance level according to the NEC 2015. With the results of the two methodologies, reinforcement was proposed at a global level with shear walls and at a local level with steel cladding for beams and columns in order to guarantee compliance with performance levels. Finally, a comparison was made of the vibration periods obtained by the NEC-SE-DS methods and the period obtained by the empirical formulas based on environmental vibration studies, in order to relate the degree of vulnerability of the structure with the periods of vibration.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio del Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, mediante la medición de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Barrera Moreno, Erik Alexander; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethTwo methods were used in this document, qualitative and quantitative, for the first, Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) is performed according to FEMA 154, supported by the NEC 2015, where it was determined that the structure has a high degree of vulnerability to earthquakes due to a pathological problem of short column generating a very severe irregularity in elevation. On the other hand, for the quantitative method, the non-linear static analysis is performed by means of the Etabs software. With the information obtained on site, two models were carried out, the spectral modal analysis of which the linear behavior of the structure, vibration periods, basal shear and floor drifts were analyzed, as well as the non-linear static analysis the structure capacity curve for X and Y, the performance point of said structure was also determined. The analysis determined the most appropriate method for the local reinforcement of some beams and columns of the structure, being the metal encasing with angles and plates the most practical and economical, a method that considerably increases the capacity of the structural elements to withstand the forces applied on them. In this way, it was possible to give the necessary capacity to all the components of the structure without altering the excellent global behavior of the building, thus meeting the performance expected for the building