Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.VULNERABILIDAD SÍSMICA

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    Propuesta de reducción de riesgo de daño por sismos en elementos no estructurales y de contenidos de la Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos de la UTA.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Moposita Ñacato, Jonathan Eduardo; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
    The research responds to the growing vulnerability of these infrastructures in the face of the high seismic activity characteristic of Ecuador, especially in the region (Ambato). The main purpose of this technical project is to evaluate, classify and mitigate the seismic risks associated with the non-structural elements and contents of the aforementioned building. The methodology used in the project was of a mixed nature, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to address the specific objectives defined. The qualitative analysis consisted of visual inspections, the completion of technical sheets using the FEMA E 74 Standard that explains the procedure where the following matrices were classified: inventory, seismic risk, liability, grouping of components studied to classify and mitigate the non-structural elements according to their risk, which is broken down into humanitarian, loss of material and functionality that contain details of engineering criteria, prescriptive and non-engineering requirements. The quantitative analysis involved structural modelling in specialised software that provided accelerations and mathematical calculations for the design of the anchorages in two groups that required engineering criteria such as: mechanical and electrical components, plumbing, furniture, shelving, bookcases, filing cabinets and other components. The next stage involved the tabulation and evaluation of technical data in accordance with FEMA E-74 and NEC-15 standards. Finally, a reference budget was drawn up to reduce inventory costs in a seismic event. As a result, the project demonstrates the importance of addressing seismic risks from a holistic perspective combining technical analysis, design of specific solutions and economic planning. Its implementation will ensure not only the safety of the university community, but also the operational continuity of academic and scientific activities after seismic events. In addition, the work contributes to the strengthening of a culture of prevention and resilience in seismically active areas.
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    Estudio del peligro sísmico determinista para las estructuras de la ciudad de Ambato sector Huachi Chico ubicado entre las calles los Shyris, av. Atahualpa, Víctor Hugo, av. los Atis, av. de los Chasquis, av. Pichincha y la av. Rumiñahui
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Gavilanez Soria, Wilson Gabriel; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
    Ecuador is located within a zone of high seismic activity called the Pacific Ring of Fire, due to the collision of the Nazca and South American tectonic plates, which is why understanding seismicity is necessary for any calculation or plan to mitigate its effects and is essential for the development of building codes. Therefore, this experimental work focused on the delimitation of a sector of the city of Ambato, in Huachi Chico. Then, deterministic acceleration spectra were generated using Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for the Tectonic Regime (Crustal and Subduction Regime), mainly obtaining the following seismic characteristics: SPT bearing capacity, soil characterization and typology, nearby geological faults affecting the study area, seismic moment magnitude Mw, and shear wave velocity Vs. This allowed for the generation of deterministic spectra and obtaining the envelope, to then make a comparison with the spectrum obtained by the NEC-2015 standard. When verifying the obtained data, it was found that the deterministic spectrum obtains the highest maximum acceleration values of Sa= 1.319 (g) in a period of 0.4 (s), while the NEC-2015's maximum acceleration value reached is Sa= 1.190 (g) in periods from 0.2 to 0.6s. As a result, 3 structures built in the sector were selected and the structural effects that could affect them were compared. It was concluded that in the analysis of drifts, loads, shears, and moments of the structures to which the deterministic spectrum was applied, greater results were obtained. Therefore, this is a call to take into account that structures in the sector should be analyzed applying deterministic spectra, as this will improve the structural analysis of buildings.
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    Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas de la parroquia La Península, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024) Pérez Castro, Víctor Hugo; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The parish of La Peninsula in the city of Ambato is located in an area of high seismic hazard in Ecuador. This parameter, together with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure, represents the level of risk that could occur in the face of these events. Seismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistance capacity under the action of an earthquake, based on the characteristics of the building such as the type of structural system, irregularities in the floor plan, elevation, frequency of maintenance, application of regulations, construction codes and other parameters that are controllable, to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability and seismic risk index of the buildings. The first step was to identify the buildings in which the main component was the metal structure, and from there, with the help of the forms proposed in the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS standards, it was finally possible to establish the degree of vulnerability of these buildings. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of traditional moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability, in this case a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed,
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    Estudio del comportamiento sísmico de la interacción suelo-cimentación en una estructura metálica representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-10) Morales Zúñiga, Humberto Ramiro; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
    Ecuador is located in an area of high seismic hazard, mountainous terrain, slopes of low, medium and high slopes in the Sierra region mainly, the high housing deficit and without considering the danger of founding the structures in this type of soil, the human being makes disorderly settlements and without any planning and control by government entities, This is why it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive technical analysis to determine the favorable response of the building to a dynamic event in a sloping terrain. The factors involved in the dynamic soil-structure interaction were analyzed, such as accelerations, velocities, displacements, the relationship between them and the variations in the fundamental period of the structure when considering the flexibility of the foundation soil; For which through the use of springs and dampers (impedance functions) that represent the dynamic response of the IDSE system based on the Barkan model and the NEC-15, the increase of the flexibility in the foundation base of the soil-structure interaction model, with respect to the rigid base model in a type D soil, was determined by means of dynamic and experimental simulation. As a consequence of the present research work, a notorious change in the behavior of the foundation of the structure was obtained, which was subjected to the load solicitations initially proposed and related to the traditional rigid base model. The results of the present study can be used to improve design and construction techniques, in addition to providing relevant information to professionals in the engineering field on the soilfoundation interaction of structures. In order to extend the analysis of the aforementioned conditions, an analysis of the soil-structure behavior can be included in future research.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba zona 1, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Toapanta Tixilema, Hugo Fabián; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    The city of Ambato has a high seismic hazard. For all the buildings that have been built and will be built are directly exposed to a high seismic risk. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a seismic vulnerability analysis of the structures and specifically those which have been built in areas with geological faults or that have been implemented in places where earthquakes have previously occurred and caused human or material losses. The Izamba parish is one of the areas with high seismic danger due to the previously mentioned factors. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the state in which the metal structure buildings were found in terms of the structural system they were built with, and the irregularities that were part of each building. The methodology carried out for the analysis was mixed, the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms used qualitative criteria to determine the degree of vulnerability of the buildings, while the detailed analysis with linear methods was quantitative. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of ordinary moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability. In this case, a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed. Subsequently, a structural reinforcement system was proposed and its efficiency was verified by means of the static and modal spectral analysis and the seismic-resistant design criteria established by the current regulations in force. Finally, computational tools were used for the structural calculation and verification of the proposed design.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Santa Rosa zona 1, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Suatunce Toaquiza, Víctor Jonny; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    Seismic vulnerability analysis is a relevant parameter within the context in which the city of Ambato is located. Due to the seismic hazard, buildings are exposed to a constant threat, especially those located in areas with geological faults, sites where earthquakes have previously occurred and generated collapses and human losses. The Santa Rosa parish is one of the areas with a high seismic hazard due to the previously mentioned factors. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the condition of the metal structure buildings in terms of the structural system with which they were built and the irregularities in elevation and in plan that were part of each building. The methodology carried out for the analysis was mixed, the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms used qualitative criteria to determine the degree of vulnerability of the buildings, while the detailed analysis with linear methods was quantitative. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of ordinary moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability, in this case a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed. Subsequently, a structural reinforcement system was proposed and its efficiency was verified by means of the static and modal spectral analysis and the seismic-resistant design criteria established by the current regulations in force. Finally, computational tools were used for the structural calculation and verification of the proposed design.
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    Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba (Zona 3), Ambato, Ecuador. Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Vargas Aráuz, Ángela Verónica; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    This research work shows the application of the rapid visual inspection methodology according to FEMA P-154, with which it is possible to identify, inventory and examine the possible seismic risks of the buildings evaluated and with this information decide if a detailed structural evaluation is necessary. The seismic vulnerability according to FEMA P-154 is expressed in terms of the probability of collapse of the structure, with this information you can manage contingency plans before and after earthquakes and inform the owner of the building the status and possibility of structural reinforcement. After carrying out the evaluation of the selected buildings, a representative structure was determined located in the Izamba parish of the city of Ambato, which was chosen for its level of importance and based on the results of the previous evaluation. With the data obtained from the rapid visual inspection and the documentation obtained from the representative building, a linear static analysis was carried out, with the application of the Ecuadorian construction standard, to determine the current behavior of the structure according to its efforts, displacements, and maximum permitted drifts. The structural analysis determined that the building presents great flexibility and fails in some members such as beams and columns. As a solution to the problem detected, structural reinforcement was chosen with steel diagonals to increase the rigidity of the structure and incorporate additional structural members that support seismic actions. The research was completed by performing the nonlinear static analysis known as Pushover of the reinforced building, from this analysis the capacity curve is obtained and the probable performance of the structure before the design earthquake can be verified.
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    Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural del edificio Colineal, ubicado en la parroquia Atocha-Ficoa, cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Romero Guamanquispe, Jorge Roberto; Núñez Aldas, Galo Wilfrido
    In this degree work, as an initial part, a seismic vulnerability analysis of the metal structure buildings in the Atocha-Ficoa parish is carried out through quick visual inspections using the forms established by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-2015, FUNVISIS as well as by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States FEMA P-154, since through this study it was determined that the houses in this parish present a medium-high vulnerability, Thus, the most representative building was selected, the Colineal company building, which presents technical-constructive observations of structural order such as fissures, cracks, detachment of plaster on walls and floors, which has caused a premature deterioration of the infrastructure. For this reason, an analysis was carried out by means of mathematical models through the ETABS computer program, where a linear analysis was performed to verify structural parameters such as drifts, displacements, and vibration periods. Subsequently, a non-linear static analysis (Pushover) was performed to determine the capacity of the structure and its performance level in the presence of a seismic event, to finally determine, based on the performance obtained, a structural reinforcement system by means of concentric diagonals, which will provide greater stability, ductility and resistance to the building and through this constructive alternative improve its seismic performance level and adequately meet the technical criteria for life safety.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba zona 2, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Torres Palate, José Antonio; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    Due to the fact that Ambato is an area of high seismic danger, a vulnerability analysis of the buildings was carried out. In this research, the Izamba Zone 2 parish was covered, in this sector are located the companies destined to the industry, so when the inventory was carried out, 45 buildings of different typologies of steel structural systems were found. For the vulnerability analysis, the standardized FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS forms were used to determine vulnerability by building and by zone in general. These forms allow the application of a quick visual inspection methodology that allows verifying the conditions of the building and its susceptibility to earthquakes. Subsequently, a detailed analysis was performed, using the evaluation criteria of NEC 15 to identify the seismic behavior of the selected building, in this study the linear static and spectral modal analysis was applied. The reinforcement proposal specified the elements that were added to the structural system and that allowed improving the behavior of the industrial building. It was determined that the selected building is vulnerable, however, with the application of the strengthening system, it could significantly improve the periods, displacements and resistance of the load-bearing elements.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Santa Rosa zona 2, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Carranza Calero, Diego Mauricio; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo Enrique
    Seismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistant capacity under the action of an earthquake, which is based on the characteristics of the structure. The present work was framed in the vulnerability analysis of metallic structures of the Santa Rosa parish, Zone 2, which has a high level of seismic hazard due to its location and proximity to several geological faults. It was found that most of the metal structure buildings analyzed present a high vulnerability index that indicates that they would suffer great damage in the event of an earthquake. The evaluation criteria used were based on three methodologies: NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS: perform a more exhaustive analysis, draw vulnerability and seismic risk maps and identify a representative building to perform a detailed analysis and propose a reinforcement proposal, in this building three types of analysis were performed: static, spectral modal and Pushover to identify the critical points of the structure that should be reinforced.