Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Diseño del proceso de deshidratación osmótica para cidrayota (Sechiumedule) de la variedad virens levis(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2019-12) Casillas Paste, Mayra Ximena; Sosa Cárdenas, Julio CésarThe objective of this project was to study the osmotic dehydration process in cidrayota (Sechium edule) as a technological alternative, for which a factorial design A x B x C is analyzed, these variables related to the osmotic solution were: sucrose concentration (35, 45 and 55 Brix degrees), calcium chloride content (5, 10 and 15 percent) and immersion time (4 and 6 hours). The experimental responses obtained during the osmotic dehydration process consisted of determining the weight loss, moisture loss and solids gain, values that allowed establishing the effective diffusivity for water and solids, as well as the mass transfer coefficient for lost water in the development of dehydration. The results achieved and based on the statistical analysis of the experimental responses previously mentioned in cidrayota osmodehydrate, as the best treatment at T14, contained 5 percent CaCl2, 55 percent sucrose dehydrating solution, and 6 hours of immersion time. Once the osmotic dehydration process was finished, drying was applied, and the treatment was improved, where it was performed; proximal and texture analysis, after this a PFD diagram of an industrial level plant with a production of 50 kg per day of dried cidrayota was designed.Item Efecto antimicrobiano de un recubrimiento activo con aceite esencial de flor de canela en mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-08) Cáceres Navas, Juan Carlos; Arancibia Soria, Mirari YosuneThe blackberry is considered native of South America, occurs in the central inter-Andean zone of Ecuador, being Tungurahua one of the provinces with the highest production. It is known to contain nutritional and antioxidant characteristics that contribute to the body. Due to its soft texture in its drupes and its poor post harvest handling, they make it labile and perishable in a very short time. In this work, a coating based on achira flour was evaluated with and without the addition of 1 percent cinnamon flower essential oil against a control sample of blackberry. Microbiological, sensory, physicochemical, colorimetric and texture analyzes were performed to determine the effect of the coating. Positive results were obtained in the coating with cinnamon flower essential oil; since it is the one that presents the best microbial attack. A decrease of 1.32 and 1.17 log cfu for every gram less than MC and RC respectively in RC-AE was reported; while on day 8 it presented 1.38 and 1.33 log cfu for every gram less than MC and RC respectively. Cinnamon essential oil shows an effective antimicrobial activity and health benefits, which is why it is considered a potential food additive.Item Conservación de la guayaba (Psidium guajava L) mediante la aplicación de un recubrimiento comestible a base de mucílago de Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) con aceite esencial de Tomillo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Maestría en Tecnología de Alimentos, 2019-07) Fernández Paredes, Manuel Enrique; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoThe guayaba (Psidium guajava.L) is a very perishable fruit on post-harvesting conditions, where the respiratory intensity is high (measured as ethylene production) who causes an accelerating of the senescence process and the losing the quality in a short period of time. The aim of the research work was to evaluate the effect of the application of an edible covering to retard the natural maturation process of P. guajava at conventional post-harvest conditions. Six treatments with a control were evaluated: three formulations of nopal mucilage plus thyme essential oil (100 percent mucilage, 99.5 percent mucilage plus 0.5 percent essential oil, 99 percent mucilage plus 1 percent essential oil); and two immersion times (60 seconds and 30 seconds). The evaluated variables considered were: titrable acidity, pH, soluble solids, humidity, weight loss, color and microbiology. The best treatment who preserves better the quality of the guava fruit was a2 (99 percent mucilage plus 1 percent thyme essential oil), considering that preserves better the fruit properties. According with the weight loss, the best treatment was a2b1 (99.5 percent of mucilage plus 1 percent of thyme essential oil) for 30 seconds. Six treatments with a control were evaluated: three formulations of nopal mucilage plus thyme essential oil (100 percent mucilage, 99.5 percent mucilage plus 0.5 percent essential oil, 99 percent mucilage plus 1 percent essential oil); and two immersion times (60 seconds and 30 seconds). The evaluated variables considered were: titrable acidity, pH, soluble solids, humidity, weight loss, color and microbiology. The best treatment who preserves better the quality of the guava fruit was a2 (99 percent mucilage plus 1 percent thyme essential oil), considering that preserves better the fruit properties. According with the weight loss, the best treatment was a2b1 (99.5 percent of mucilage plus 1 percent of thyme essential oil) for 30 seconds. It is concluded that the P. guajava recovering with nopal mucilage and thyme essential oil could retard the ripening time, conserving its organoleptic characteristics.Item Estimación y efecto sobre la vida útil de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) con el uso de biofilm producido por Komagataeibacter xylinus(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2019-05) Acosta Telenchana, Jorge Luis; Terán Mera, David AndrésThe strawberry is susceptible to physiological changes, great vulnerability to microbial attack, the benefits of edible coatings are: slow breathing rate, prolonged periods of storage, retention of firmness and reduced microbial growth, so the objective of this research work is estimate the useful life of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) with the use of biofilm produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus. It was determined that the samples with bacterial cellulose coating have an average life time of 12, 6 and 3 days while samples without coating the time was 8, 3 and 2 days at temperatures of 4, 25 and 37 Celsius degrees. The ultra-freeze analysis showed changes of 1 percent; 46.2 percent; 12.6 percent and 2.41 percent in samples without coating, on the other hand the samples with coating changes were 0.3 percent; 15.9 percent; 4 percent and 1.49 percent in pH, Acidity, Brix degrees and weight loss respectively. The samples containing bacterial cellulose coating impregnated with silver nanoparticles showed no growth of microorganisms during the analysis. The container of bacterial cellulose impregnated with natural gelatin presented a 15.3 percent weight loss, 76.4 Brix degrees and a dark red final coloration in the sample, the bacterial cellulose container with end seals presented greater weight loss of 19 percent. , 8 percent; 83.6 Brix degrees and a medium dark red final color.Item Caracterización reológica de papillas infantiles, preparadas con harina de papas ecuatorianas (Solanum andígena), previo y posterior al proceso de deshidratación mediante tambor rotatorio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2019-04) Rodríguez Veintimilla, Brayan Stalin; Acurio Arcos, Liliana PatriciaCurrently, the information about rheological properties of food is considered relevant to the process modification and equipment design. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the rotary drum dehydration method on the rheological properties of children’s push. The values were evaluated in fresh and rehydrated condition and at three temperatures (20, 30 and 40 Celsius degrees). By adjusting the mathematical models of Herschel-Bulkley and Mizrahi-Berk, we obtained the rheological parameters such as threshold effort, consistency index and flow behavior index, through which the plastic behavior of the pseudoplastic type of the samples was checked. On the other hand, the statistical result analysis showed the influence of the three study factors within rheological parameters. The most evident change was the increase in the values of the consistency index in the rehydrated samples, evidencing the structural change caused by the drying method.Item Caracterización reológica de papillas infantiles formuladas a base de harina de papas de variedades nativas ecuatorianas (Solanum andigena) deshidratadas mediante secado conectivo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2019-01) Catota Balseca, Jessenia Magaly; Acurio Arcos, Liliana PatriciaDrying is one of the most used conservation methods in food industry, because it allows to reduce humidity, preventing microbial attack and facilitating transport; however, this process usually modifies the rheological properties. This study evaluated the rheological properties of a porridge made from flour from native Ecuadorian potatoes, sweetened with local fruits of local (blackberry and taxo) and dehydrated by convective drying, before and after the drying process. The samples described a plastic pseudoplastic behavior and were adjusted to the Herschel-Bulkley and Mizrahi-Berk models. The drying method caused structural damage that caused a decrease in the consistency index, while Santa Rosa variety and blackberry influenced the increase in the consistency index due to the gelatinization of the starch and the swelling of the dietary fiber that the potato possesses and the high amount of pectin that the fruit has. Finally, the inversely proportional effect of the temperature on the consistency index was observed.Item Estimación de vida útil de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth) a partir del recubrimiento de celulosa bacteriana producida por Komagataeibacter xylinus(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2019-01) Toscano Avila, Jonatan Alfonso; Cerda Mejía, Liliana AlexandraThe Blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is an Andean crop with nutritional and antioxidant properties, whose intake potentiates the immune system and reduces the risk of developing degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is one of the most perishable fruits due to its high respiration rate and the lack of peel that protects the quality of the fruit, which makes it susceptible to microbial attack and rapid deterioration, which is a problem for commercialization. The objective of this research was to estimate the useful life of Castile mulberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) from the coating of bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus, applied in the postharvest quality of the Mora de Castilla, with the purpose of improving both physicochemical characteristics as nutritional. The treatment with biofilm coating of bacterial cellulose at a temperature of 4 Celsius degree allowed to increase the shelf life of the fruit up to 9 days, in addition to maintaining its characteristic texture, color, smell and taste, that is to say that the biofilm generated from Komagataeibacter xylinus, can be used as an antimicrobial agent, in edible coatings for fruits, vegetables, meats, etc.Item Influencia del método de deshidratación (secado convectivo y tambor rotatorio) en las propiedades ópticas de papillas infantiles elaboradas con harina de papas nativas ecuatorianas (Solanum anígena)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2018-12) Mesa Guaña, José Luis; Acurio Arcos, Liliana PatriciaThe objective of this study was to determine the influence of two dehydration methods on the optical properties of infant porridges made from native Ecuadorian potato (Solanum andigena) flour. The results showed that the study factors "relationship between states" and "type of dryer" influence the optical properties: luminosity, tone, chroma and overall color variation. The experimental data of the optical properties were represented in the CIEL*a*b* space, and the porridges flavored with taxo are in the yellows area, while those flavored with blackberry are in the reds area in the three states of the study (fresh, dehydrated and rehydrated). The dehydration method by rotating drum generated noticeable changes in the optical properties of the porridges, because it is a very aggressive thermal treatment. While the convective drying presented minor modifications despite being performed for long periods. In addition, a sensory analysis of discrimination was performed (duo-trio test), where it was observed that the panelists clearly perceived the difference between the fresh and rehydrated samples, which corroborated the results found by the colorimetric analysis.Item Efecto de la aplicación postcosecha de ozono gaseoso sobre la tasa respiratoria y la calidad microbiológica de mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-11) Chonata Jiménez, Erika Brigitte; Arancibia Soria, Mirari YosuneThe fragile structure of Andean blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth) influences in a relatively short shelf-life and limited by the microbial contamination. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of the postharvest application of gaseous ozone (0.5 and 0.7 ppm) on the respiratory rate and the activity of native microorganisms (aerobic mesophiles, psychotrophs, molds and yeasts) and inoculated pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus). The results show that the treatment with ozone did not affect the respiratory rate of the berries. In addition, an antimicrobial effect of ozone was observed in aerobic mesophiles, psychotrophs and molds and yeasts with growth inhibition of up to 0,75; 1,9 y 2,25 logarithmic units respectively. Regarding to the inoculated microorganisms, the maximum growth inhibition of B. cinerea was 0.69 logarithmic units with the concentration of 0.5 ppm O3. In the case of E. coli and S. enterica, we worked with blackberry pulp, with adjusted pH at optimum values for the growth of each bacterium, and there was limited reduction of the microbial load due to the surface action of the ozone. Finally, there was no growth of S. aureus due to factors other than the ozone action.Item Efecto del ozono gaseoso sobre la calidad microbiológica de moras de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-10) Barrionuevo Terán, Evelyn Yajaira; Arancibia Soria, Mirari YosuneCastilla blackberry is a fruit without external layer that protects it from physical, mechanical and microbiological damages. The attack of microorganisms in this fruit generates high percentages of losses and being Tungurahua a province with high Castilla blackberry productive capacity, it is necessary to study the antimicrobial effect of ozone gas (O3) (0,4 and 0,6 ppm) in the microbiological quality of this fruit. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated in native microflora (molds and yeasts, psychotrophs and aerobic mesophiles), molds (Botrytis cinerea) and bacteria (S. aureus, S. enterica and E. coli). The results show the antimicrobial effectiveness of O3 by decreasing 1,64, 1,15 and 0,64 log units of molds and yeasts, psychrotrophs and mesophilic aerobic, respectively. For the two Gram (-) bacteria (S. enterica and E. coli), blackberry juice with modified pH was used, obtaining reductions of 1.08 (with 0.6 ppm of O3) and 0.54 (with 0,4 ppm of O3) log units. In the case of B. cinerea, the reduction of 0,25 log units was observed on day ten after having applied 0,6 ppm of O3. With respect to S. aureus (Gram + bacteria) no growth was observed, this could have occurred due to the presence of characteristic compounds of blackberries, such as flavonoids, which have antibacterial power.