Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Elaboración de una premezcla para brownies a partir de harinas de trigo nacional (Triticum aestivum l.), quinua (Chenopodium quinua) y amaranto (Amaranthus)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Maluzin Brito, Jenifer Germania; Paredes Escobar, Mayra LilianaIn recent years, health concerns have driven the food industry to develop products with improved nutritional profiles. Within this context, the baking industry has been propelled by the demand for baked goods with enhanced nutritional emphasis. Premixes, due to their practicality and versatility, have positioned themselves as an attractive alternative for the quick preparation of baked products. However, commercial options available on the market are designed for widespread consumption, lacking a nutritional focus. In the present work, three premix treatments were developed made with a mixture of national wheat, quinoa and amaranth flours with a fixed composition of the other components, where a sensory analysis was carried out on the different brownie treatments using a Complete Randomized Block Design to identify the best treatment. The treatment with greater acceptability has attractive sensory characteristics, with a texture comparable to the control sample, evidenced by values of 4.67 (N) for hardness, 0.21 mJ for adhesiveness and 0.34 for cohesiveness. Furthermore, the rheological analysis of the dough presented significant differences except for the retrogradation of starch with the blank, obtaining a time of 45.01 min with a torque of 0.84 Nm. From a nutritional point of view, the best formulated brownie exhibited an enriched profile, with a high content of 34.26, 27.8, 8.22, 3.73 percent of carbohydrates, fat, protein and dietary fiber.Item Construcción de las curvas de la cinética de secado y caracterización de la harina de haba pallar (Phaseolus lunatus L.) germinada como base para futuras aplicaciones en snacks y galletas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Lituma Lojano, Isabel Estefania; García Pazmiño, María EugeniaThe lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a legume with low commercial interest in Ecuador. To improve its nutritional and functional quality, a germination process was carried out. The germinated grains were dried by forced convection at temperatures of 55, 60, and 65 degrees Celsius. Drying curves were constructed, and the effective diffusion coefficient was calculated using Fick's Law. The resulting flour was characterized in terms of its physicochemical, rheological, technological properties, and proximate composition. The results showed that higher temperatures reduced the time required to reach final moisture contents below 9.10 percent, complying with the NTE INEN 616 standard. At 65 degrees Celsius, the effective diffusion coefficient reached its maximum value (1.45903E-09 meters squared over seconds), indicating greater drying efficiency. Germination increased the protein content of the flour to 19.86 percent compared to 16.62 percent in the ungerminated grain. The mixographic properties of the flour made it ideal for partial substitution of wheat flour in products such as cookies. However, it is not considered suitable for snack production due to its strong flour characteristic. Statistical analysis revealed that thermal conditions did not significantly affect most evaluated parameters; however, differences were identified in water activity, fat absorption capacity, and emulsifying capacity.Item Construcción de las curvas de la cinética de secado y caracterización de harina de los frutos de Margyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) Kuntze como base para la industria galletera(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Guamani Guano, Lisbeth Magali; García Pazmiño, María EugeniaMargyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) Kuntze is a traditional Andean plant used innatural medicine; however, its fruits are a good source of research within the food industry. The objective of this study was to construct drying kinetics curves and characterize the physicochemical, technological, rheological and proximate composition properties of the flour obtained using temperatures of 50, 55 and 60 degrees Celsius by forced convection. The results determined that at 60 degrees Celsius the process was more efficient. On the other hand, the flour complied with the humidity established by INEN 616, low water activity, pH close to 7, protein similar to wheat flour and high oil absorption capacity, which is essential in baked products. The good rheological behavior positions the flour as a viable alternative in the partial substitution of wheat flour for the production of cookies and bread. Statistical tests showed that temperature significantly influenced the following parameters: water activity, pH and titratable acidity, moisture, oil absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, gelling capacity, protein and fat.Item Determinación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas, tecnológicas y reológicas de la harina de lenteja de agua (Lemna minor L.) como base para futuras aplicaciones en la industria panadera y pastelera(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Vaca Calero, Karen Anahi; García Pazmiño, María EugeniaDuckweed (Lemna minor L.) is an aquatic plant widely used in the production of animal feed; however, it is a good alternative source to conventional cereals for the production of flour rich in protein and fiber. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical, technological and rheological properties of duckweed flour to promote its use. Flour was obtained by drying at 60 degrees Celsius in a convection dehydrator. The physicochemical and proximate properties were determined according to Ecuadorian INEN and international AOAC standards. The results showed a flour rich in dietary fiber (44,2 percent), fat (2,55 percent) and protein (38,11 percent). It has exceptional technological properties such as: bulk density (0,27 gram per milliliter), water absorption capacity (0,65 gram of water per gram of sample), oil absorption capacity (1,9 gram of oil per gram of sample), emulsifying capacity (29,2 percent) and gelling capacity (5,01 percent). It presents ideal mixographic characteristics for the partial substitution of wheat flour, in dough development, protein quality, starch gelatinization, amylase activity and starch retrogradation with values of 1,12, 0,58, 1,28, 1,00 and 0,004 (Newton per meter) respectively. It is demonstrated that duckweed (Lemna minor L.) flour is a nutritionally and technologically viable option for applications in the baking and confectionery industry. Furthermore, it is an excellent substitute for conventional flours due to its high nutritional content.Item Sustitución parcial de harina de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) por harina de bagazo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) deslignificado en la elaboración de galletas integrales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Condo Sánchez, María de los Ángeles; Guanoquiza Rivera, Manuel IsraelSugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the main by-product of the sugar industry; however, due to inadequate disposal, its use in the food field is little explored. To take advantage of the nutritional potential of this fibrous residue, whole-grain cookies were formulated with partial substitution of wheat flour by delignified sugarcane bagasse flour, in percentages of 0, 10, 20 y 30. An alkaline delignification treatment with NaOH 0.5 N, in a 1:4 solid: liquid ratio, assisted by autoclaving, was applied to improve the digestibility of the bagasse for human consumption. The rheological properties of the flours were studied by Mixolab against an objective profile. The cookies of the best treatment were determined by sensory and instrumental analysis, from which the physicochemical and microbiological quality was analyzed. The alkaline treatment was effective, achieving a lignin removal of 89 percent. In conjunction, the increase in the levels of delignified BCA flour provided greater water absorption capacity, greater kneading stability, less protein weakening, decreased viscosity, greater amylase activity and reduced starch retrogradation. Such effects led to a significant increase in hardness and a reduction in the amount of fractures in the cookies; while, in the color parameters, a decrease in lightness. Therefore, cookies with 10 percent partial substitution had higher sensory acceptability, with better texture and brightness, being considered a food rich in dietaryfiber.Item Evaluación del efecto de la temperatura en las propiedades sensoriales y reológicas de la mermelada de la cereza china (Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb.)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Baltazar Chango, Jessica Fernanda; Acurio Arcos, Liliana PatriciaIn recent years, there has been a growing demand for products with a high nutritional level. This has driven the search for new processing technologies that allow preserving the properties of food. In this study, a new technology is analyzed to transform the Chinese plum tree, with the aim of maintaining its sensory characteristics; developing a jam with this fruit using an oil bath to simulate the processing temperature in an industrial plant at four temperatures: 120, 130, 140 and 150 degrees Celsius, to evaluate the rheological and sensory parameters of the jams. In addition, the proximal composition of the jam was evaluated with greater sensory acceptability. The sensory profile graph showed that the jam made at 150 degrees Celsius was selected as the best treatment. On the other hand, the jam at 120 degrees Celsius presented higher viscosity values; while the jam at 150 degrees Celsius presented lower values. All the jams required a threshold effort to start flowing, this effort being lower in the jams made at a higher temperature. Furthermore, they gave a flow behavior index less than unity, indicating pseudoplastic behavior. The jam valued as the best treatment showed values of moisture, protein, fat, fiber and ash like those reported in sweet potato and orange, blackberry, pineapple jams, among others. In addition, it presented values of soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity that are within the range established in the local technical standard.Item Caracterización fisicoquímica y reológica de la harina de trigo (Triticum aestivum) obtenida de los pasajes del proceso de molienda en Molinos e Industrias Quito Cía. Ltda.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Bustillos Banda, Katty Alejandra; Paredes Escobar, Mayra LilianaThe wheat grain is the main raw material in the flour production of the Ecuadorian industry, however, due to the demand for carbohydrate consumption worldwide, mainly bread, pasta and cookies; The milling sector has seen the need to increase the quality and performance of the flour through the implementation of new equipment and passages. The present research work was based on the physicochemical and rheological characterization of the flour fractions from the milling process passages, with which specific mixtures can be developed to achieve a flour with higher yield and bakery quality. During the experimental development of the research, through the physicochemical characterization of the flour fractions, it was obtained that the flour from the last crushing and compression mills (B5-PA, C4, C5, C5-H black) presented a high ash content, damaged starch, enzymatic activity, titratable acidity and lower moisture content, granulometry under #10 mesh and wet gluten. Finally, with the help of the rheological study of the flours in the Mixolab equipment, hand in hand with the physicochemical characterization, it was possible to develop an industrial aptitude organizer allowing to classify the flour fractions according to their strength and technological functionality as sliced bread, baguette, pizza, pasta and cookies.Item Diseño de un sistema de transporte para un fluido Herschel-Bulkley (mayonesa)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-09) Choes Vera, Christian John; Acurio Arcos, Liliana PatriciaThe present study was developed with the objective of designing a conveying system for a Herschel-Bulkley fluid (mayonnaise), for which the principles, equations and mathematical models established in fluid mechanics were applied. For this, we began with the search for information on the components, properties of the fluids, machines and accessories necessary for the design of the conveying system. Corrosion resistant materials were used for the design, due to the physical-chemical properties of the fluids involved. The design of a transport system for a non-Newtonian fluid was obtained with the following characteristics: dimensions of 7.5 m long by 23 m wide, 5 Netzsch pumps with a maximum nominal flow of 3.1 cubic meters per second, AISI 304 stainless steel piping, distributed in 5 pipe lines of 1-inch nominal diameter; in addition, each pipe line contemplated its respective accessories and flowmeters. The study allowed calculating the theoretical power of the pumps in each pipe line under system conditions. Finally, the cost of implementing the system was evaluated, obtaining a value of 60,072.94 US dollars, this value was obtained by means of a quotation to several distribution companies in the country.Item Efecto de la temperatura en los parámetros reológicos de papillas infantiles elaboradas con papa nativa ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2020-09) González Tacuri, Lizbeth Alejandra; Salazar Garcés, Diego ManoloThis degree thesis proposes the rheological study of baby food, which is made with Ecuadorian native potato and pulp of fruits characteristic of the area, blackberry, and taxo. Particular importance has been given to the influence of temperature and composition of the food system in the determination of viscosity, an indirect measure of the consistency index. Rheograms showed a pseudoplastic tendency with yield stress to start the flow. The experimental data were adjusted to two rheological models (Herschel - Bulkley, and Mizrahi – Berk). The yield stress, consistency index, and flow behavior index were obtained using those models, which have applications in the design of equipment and process efficiency. The best adjustment was obtained with the Herschel-Bulkley equation, which is widely used to describe the behavior of food fluids.