Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Evaluación de la capacidad de biodegradación de contenedores fabricados a partir de recursos agroindustriales infrautilizados de la industria bananera(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Méndez López, Tomás Sebastián; Arancibia Soria, Mirari YosuneAccording to the United Nations, approximately 430 million tons of plastic are produced each year. Consequently, this waste represents 85 percent of the total contamination in bodies of water, 36 percent of which are disposable containers. To combat this problem, resources have been focused on the research of more environmentally friendly materials. In Ecuador, banana, due to its high production and waste generation, emerges as one of the best alternatives for the development of bio containers to replace single-use plastics. For this reason, this research evaluated the biodegradation capacity of containers made from underutilized agro-industrial resources of the banana industry. For this purpose, a buried test was carried out with samples of biodegradable banana containers (CBB) in agricultural soil for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, where values of up to 52.53 percent biodegradation based on dry weight were obtained. On the other hand, in vitro biodegradation capacity was evaluated by inoculation of Aspergillus niger, where it was demonstrated that this strain prefers CBB as a substrate, compared to filter paper and single-use plastics, due to the greater availability of nutrients for its growth. Finally, through microbiological analysis and bibliographic research, it was demonstrated that the shelf life of CBB is equal to or greater than 60 days, since their physicochemical and usability characteristics are not compromised during this period.Item Caracterización del proceso fermentativo de Aspergillus niger P.E.L. Van Tiegghem utilizando como sustrato cáscara de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) para el enriquecimiento proteico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12) Fonseca Balseca, Lilibeth Berenize; Fernández Rivero, DanaePotato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the most frequent tubers in Ecuadorian’s basic food basket; it has a high demand in the market and its main use is in the food industry, however, the accumulation of its waste has become a problem, even though, biotechnological advances allow using this type of waste and generate other improvements through fermentation processes giving changes in its final composition. It has been shown that some fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, which are able to modify their metabolic pathway and increase in their final percentage of macronutrients The objective of this study was to characterize the fermentation process of Aspergillus niger using potato’s peel (Solanum tuberosum L.) as a substrate to the protein increase in the medium. In the initial phase, the fermentation time (5-8 days), the agitation speed (0-60 rpm) and the inoculum concentration (5000 and 50,000 conidia for gram of medium) were evaluated through a factorial design (23), these factors were important for the fermentation process; subsequently, fermentation was optimized and kinetic parameters were determined. Optimization resulted in a protein concentration of 16.3092 mg for ml and a biomass concentration of 0.9422 g for ml. Finally, the kinetic parameters of the microorganism in the optimized medium were determined obtaining a specific growth rate 𝑢= 0.005708 ℎ-1, a doubling time T = 121.42 ℎ and a yield 𝑌𝑥/𝑠 = 0.5074 g of biomass for mg of substrate consumed. The results obtained confirmed that there was an increase in the final protein level of the medium.Item Obtención de un medio enriquecido en proteínas a partir de residuos de papa (Solanum tuberosum) por fermentación microbiana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-08) Apunte Benalcázar, Denise Ivone; Fernández Rivero, DanaeIn the present work of investigation to obtain a half enriched in proteins by microbial fermentation, the physicochemical characterization of the domestic residues of potato was carried out (Solanum tuberosum), for this it was determined: pH, percentage of humidity, percentage of starch and concentration of protein in the superchola, chola and única varieties. By means of a completely random design it was possible to verify that there was no significant difference between the three potato varieties in terms of the percentage of starch. It was characterized macroscopically and microscopically to Aspergillus niger, microorganism isolated by students of the Faculty of Science and Engineering in Food and Biotechnology from organic substrates of lemon, to later use it in the microbial fermentation with the domestic waste characterized. In the research 4 media were formulated, by means of a Factorial design 22 the influence of the humidity factors (61 percent and 93 percent) and composition of the medium (without salts and salts) on the variable responses was determined: concentration of proteins and concentration of biomass, obtaining optimum values of 15,91 mg for every ml and 0,79 g for every ml respectively, in the medium formulated without salts and with a humidity of 61 percent. The kinetic parameters of the microorganism in the optimized medium were determined, obtaining as a result a specific growth speed u=0,016 h^(-1), a doubling time t_d=43,08 h and a yield Y_(x/s)=4,49 g of biomass/mg of substrate consumed.