Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Evaluación del efecto de la aplicación de atmósferas modificadas sobre la calidad físico química y vida útil del aguacate (Persea americana Mill) variedad Hass(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2020-09) Caiza Velasco, Juan Francisco; Ortiz Escobar, Jacqueline de las Mercedes; Brito Grandes, Beatriz DoloresCurrently, the Hass variety avocado is one of the most desired in international markets, especially in the United States of America and Europe, this raw material is considered exotic for consumption as such or in a derivative such as guacamole. The research objective was to study the effect of the application of modified atmospheres on the physical-chemical quality and the shelf life of the Hass variety avocado, the mixtures used in the different atmospheres were MIXTURE 1: 2 percent Oxygen - 3 percent Dioxide of Carbon - 95 percent Nitrogen, MIX 2: 3 percent Oxygen - 5 percent Carbon Dioxide - 92 percent Nitrogen, MIX 3: 4 percent Oxygen - 7 percent Carbon Dioxide - 89 percent Nitrogen, MIX 4: 2 percent Oxygen - 10 percent Carbon dioxide - 88 percent Nitrogen. The quality parameters studied were weight loss (percentage), firmness (Newton), pH, titratable acidity (percentage of tartaric acid), dry matter (percentage), fat (percentage) and Cielab color analysis (chroma, Hue tone, index obscuration) for 60 days of observation, in four mixtures. Mix four is the most recommended to maintain the physical-chemical characteristics, compared to the Ecuadorian standard INEN 1755, highlighting the lower weight loss, the lower acidity upon reaching 60 days of storage in this atmosphere and reached the adequate fat levels consumption, the color remained adequate both in the peel and in the pulp.Item Estudio del efecto de la aplicación de atmósferas modificadas sobre la vida útil y la calidad del aguacate (Persea americana Mill) variedad Fuerte(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2020-09) Viñán Pérez, Elvis Israel; Paredes Escobar, Mayra Liliana; Brito Grandes, Beatriz DoloresCurrently, the avocado variety strong, in addition to its good sensory potential, has magnificent characteristics such as oil content, thick skin and late ripening; that put it at the top to be produced, sold and consumed globally. The present investigation studied the effect of the application of modified atmospheres on the physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of the strong variety avocado. The concentrations of the applied gases were: Modified Atmosphere1: 2 percent Oxygen - 3 percent Carbon Dioxide - 95 percent Nitrogen, Modified Atmosphere2: 3 percent Oxygen - 5 percent Carbon Dioxide - 92 percent Nitrogen, Modified Atmosphere3: 4 percent Oxygen - 7 percent Carbon Dioxide - 89 percent Nitrogen and Modified Atmosphere 4: 2 percent Oxygen - 10 percent Carbon Dioxide - 88 percent Nitrogen. The analyzes carried out on the fruit included: weight loss (percentage), firmness (Newton), color (CIE-Lab parameters, tone, chroma and darkening index), titratable acidity (percentage of tartaric acid), dry matter (percentage), fat (percentage) and pH; analyzes on each sample were performed for 60 days, often every 10 days. The results obtained showed that the Modified Atmosphere1 mixture: 2 percent Oxygen - 3 percent Carbon Dioxide - 95 percent Nitrogen, obtained better physicochemical characteristics of the avocado, such as: greater amount of fat, less weight loss, less titratable acidity and higher pH. Which met the quality standards for consumption; established in the INEN 1755: 2009 standard.Item Mejora de la conservación postcosecha del tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) variedad mora mediante atmósferas modificadas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2018-07) Alcocer Pérez, Magali Fernanda; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio ÁngelThe present study addressed the effect of various atmospheres on the physical-chemical, sensory and microbiological quality of the tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) “mora” variety stored in refrigeration at 4 Celsius degrees for 10 days. In the first part of the experimentation, the physical-chemical characterization of the fruit was determined in the different state of maturity (green, half-ripe and ripe). During the second part, fruits harvested at maturity state 5 and without physiological hurt were stored under five modified gas mixtures: G1, 2.5 percent O2, 2.5 percent CO2 and 95 percent N2; G2, 2.5 percent O2, 5 percent CO2 and 92.5 percent N2; G3, 80 percent O2, 10 percent CO2 and 10 percent N2; G4, 80 percent O2, 20 percent CO2 and 0 percent N2 and G5, 90 percent O2, 10 percent CO2 and 0 percent N2. The respiration rate was determined on days 1, 4, 7 and 10, in triplicate. In addition, physical-chemical analysis, sensory and microbiological quality determinations were carried out in the same way in triplicate, on the same days. The gas mixture G1 allowed reducing the respiratory rate of oxygen consumption. Similarly, gaseous mixtures G2, G3, G4 and G5 allowed reducing the respiratory rate of carbon dioxide production. The gas mixture G3 allowed to have better results in luminosity (L *) and Chroma (C *) but caused greater irregularity in maturation. The gas mixture G4 allowed to have better results in Chroma (C*) and hue (h degrees), having no significant differences for the rest of parameters.Item Evalución del efecto de la aplicación de atmósferas modificadas sobre la composición bioquímica de arazá (Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2018-03) Cando Collaguazo, David Andrés; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio ÁngelThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of modified atmospheres on the biochemical composition of the arazá at a temperature of 12 Celsius degrees for ten days of storage. The first phase of the study is to validate the methods for the quantification of bioactive compounds. The second phase evaluated the effect of the application of gaseous mixtures of low and high oxygen concentration on the bioactive components. The gas mixtures with low coffee concentration were: G1: 2.5 / 2.5; G2: 2.5 / 5; and mixtures of high oxygen concentration were G3: 80/10; G4: 80/20 and G5: 90/10 (percentage of O2 percentage of CO2), all analyzes were performed with their respective control samples corresponding to atmospheric air. The gaseous mixtures that helped to conserve the polyphenols were the G1 treatment with a relative difference of 103 percent with respect to its control air, in the same way the G2 treatment with 88.49 percent; respect to the flavonoids, characteristic, previously, conservation, with, a, greater, percentage, said, compounds, a, difference, of, its, air, air, control, with, a 66.64 percent, G1, and, 76,05 percent, G2. The mixture that showed a relative difference in carotenoid content and did not allow the development of pulp in the G2 treatment with -36.32 percent and for the analysis of carotenoids in the shell The treatment that showed a difference was the G5 with a 10.70 percent While to maintain chlorophyll, it was the G2 treatment that showed a relative difference of 34.99 percent.Item Evalución del efecto de la aplicación de atmósferas modificadas sobre la composición bioquímica de la naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2018-03) Llive Flores, Melissa Liseth; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio ÁngelThe bioactive compounds help in the treatment and prevention of some diseases to their anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant and ability to chelate various metals. These are found in fruits and vegetables, are synthesized by the secondary metabolism. In the present work the effect of the application of modified atmospheres on the biochemical composition of the naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) That was stored for 10 days at a temperature of 7 Celsius degrees was evaluated, the gas combinations were: G1: 2,5 percent O2-2.5 percent CO2; G2: 2.5 percent O2-5 percent CO2; G3: 80 percent O2-10 percent CO2; G4: 80 percent O2-20 percent CO2; G5: 90 percent O2- 10 percent CO2 and air control. First, all the samples were lyophilized and the method for the analysis of polyphenols was validated with the curve of gallic acid, the flavonoids curve with the catechin curve, the carotenoids curve with the molar extinction coefficient and the chlorophylls A and B at different wavelengths to obtain total chlorophyll. The analyzes were performed in duplicate. The application of these atmospheres acted differently in each biochemical parameter obtaining that the best treatments were G2: 2.5 percent O2-5 percent CO2 and G4: 80 percent O2-20 percent CO2. In the treatment of Gas 2, the naranjilla had a higher content of total carotenoids in the shell compared to its control, while the treatment of Gas 4 had a higher content of polyphenols and total carotenoids in the shell, although the content of carotenoids in the pulp was lower compared to your control.Item Efecto de la aplicación de atmósferas modificadas en la composición de compuestos bioactivos del tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) variedad mora ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03) Chicaiza Paredes, Pedro Alejandro; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio ÁngelIn the present work was studied the influence of several modified atmospheres to preserve the bioactive components of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) variety mora ecuatoriana, stored under refrigeration at 4 Celsius degrees during a period of 10 days. First, determination of the antioxidants present in the tree tomato pulp, considering total anthocyanins, total carotenoids, total flavonoids and total polyphenols was carried out. The second part consisted in analyzing the effect of the storage atmospheres on the bioactive content present in the fruit peel, which were total anthocyanins and total chlorophyll. The modified atmospheres used were: (percentage of O2: percentage of CO2): 2.5: 2.5; 2.5: 5.0; 80:10; 80:20 and 90:10. And analysis were carried out on days 1, 4, 7 and 10, in two storage chambers and each one in duplicate. When postharvest storage was considered, the best global results were obtained using the gas combination 80 percent O2 + 20 percent CO2. This treatment allowed to obtain an increase of 12 percent in the total flavonoid content and 11 percent less total chlorophyll content than in the control in the peel. Both results were beneficial due to the increased antioxidant capacity afforded by the flavonoids and the improvement of the external color of the fruit.