Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Caracterización de la celulosa bacteriana producida a través de combinaciones de Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM2004 y los consorcios PDC21 y PDC25(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Tiban Mullo, Bibiana Liseth; Cerda Mejía, Liliana AlexandraBacterial cellulose is a biopolymer of great commercial interest due to its high purity, high degree of crystallinity and superior mechanical properties compared to cellulose derived from vegetable sources. However, its high production cost has limited its use on an industrial scale. To reduce these costs, it is essential to explore techniques that optimize cellulose biosynthesis, such as the use of co-culture methods that increase the robustness of the production system and enhance the yield through synergistic interactions. In the present study, bacterial cellulose produced by combinations of a standard strain and the microbial consortia PDC21 and PDC25 was characterized, evaluating the production in co-cultures versus monocultures. Cellulose morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical composition by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and crystallinity was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the resulting fermentation broths were characterized to understand the differences between co-culture and monoculture productions. The co-culture treatments demonstrated higher cellulose yields compared to their monocultures. Although all treatments exhibited similar chemical characteristics, variability was observed in the morphology and crystallinity of the cellulose produced. Significant differences were also identified in the physical and chemical characteristics of the fermentation broths. This study evidenced the potential of bacterial co-cultures to improve cellulose production efficiency.Item Modelamiento matemático de la obtención de pigmentos orgánicos a partir de cepas de Penicillium Sp.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Sanchez Aucatoma, Kerly Esthefania; García Pazmiño, María EugeniaThe study focused on the mathematical modeling of the production of organic pigments from the Penicillium sp. strain, evaluating optimal cultivation conditions and applying adjustments to the Monod and Gompertz mathematical models to predict microbial growth and pigment production. A batch fermentation system was used, and the experimental variables were monitored for 120 hours to construct the microbial growth kinetics curve. The data obtained were fitted to the Monod and Gompertz mathematical models, revealing that the Gompertz model offered a better fit with a determination coefficient of 0.9912, compared to the Monod model, which presented a determination coefficient of 0.8043. This finding suggests that the Gompertz model is more suitable for describing the dynamics of microbial growth and pigment production in Penicillium sp. under the specific conditions of the experiment. Additionally, it was observed that the maximum growth rate and predictive accuracy were superior in the Gompertz model. The estimated growth rate was higher in the Gompertz model (0.0193 per hour) than in the Monod model (0.0134 per hour), indicating a higher growth efficiency under optimized conditions. These results underscore the importance of optimizing cultivation conditions, such as nutrient concentration, pH, and temperature, to maximize pigment production. They also highlight the relevance of choosing the appropriate mathematical model to obtain accurate predictions in pigment production.Item Caracterización de la producción de metabolitos primarios y secundarios por Scenedesmus sp. nativa del Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Paredes Paredes, Jennifer Katheryn; García Solís, Mario DanielCurrently, global problems have arisen, such as the limited availability of food and population growth, causing the depletion of natural resources, emissions of greenhouse gases and nitrous oxide from fertilizers and pesticides, methane production by ruminants, and deforestation. At the same time, the need to feed the growing population has driven the development of techniques to obtain microalgae supplements, since they produce active compounds and metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, vitamins and amino acids. For this reason, this research seeks to evaluate the production of primary and secondary metabolites by the microalga Scenedesmus sp. native to Ecuador, quantifying its capacity to produce proteins, carbohydrates and pigments under different culture conditions. Supplements to the BBM medium with different concentrations of sodium nitrate (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 grams per liter) and carbon sources (carbon dioxide, ethylene glycol, sodium acetate) were used. These conditions were combined to obtain 12 treatments. The culture scenario was 21 degrees Celsius, a light-dark cycle of 16 and 8 hours, and constant aeration of 200 milliliters per minute with 0.04 percent volume-volume carbon dioxide. The results showed that the best treatment was the mixotrophic culture with ethylene glycol and high concentration of sodium nitrate, producing the highest amount of proteins, carbohydrates and pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). It was also determined that the growth kinetics of Scenedesmus sp. varies according to the concentration of sodium nitrate in the medium.Item Obtención de nano-celulosa bacteriana utilizando hidrolizados de bagazo de caña y cáscara de cacao(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Sailema Sailema, Erick Fabricio; Fernández Rivero, DanaeCellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, and various applications in medicine and industry are being investigated. Most of it is found in plants (vegetable cellulose). However, the production of vegetable cellulose faces deforestation and costly purification processes problems. On the other hand, there are bacterial cellulose which has several advantages due to its characteristics; however, its production cost at industrial scale still exhibits problems. Therefore, use agro-industrial waste from cocoa and sugarcane as a carbon source to obtain bacterial cellulose presents a possible solution to the problem. Consequently, it was proposed to evaluate hydrolysis treatments on agro-industrial wastes to obtain fermentable sugars, which will be the carbon source in minimal mediums. Subsequently, cellulose yield produced by two acetic strains (PDC21 and PDC 25) and Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2004 (DSM 2004) was evaluated in the same medium. Once the appropriate treatment to produce cellulose was determined, which consisted of the use of cocoa shell hydrolyzate and the DSM 2004 bacteria, two cellulose hydrolysis methods were compared to obtain one of its derivatives, nano-cellulose, which was characterized morphologically by FT-IR and SEM. The research demonstrated the suitability of use hydrolysates of cocoa shell waste and sugarcane bagasse as low-cost carbon sources to produce bacterial cellulose. In addition, it was determined that the hydrolysis treatments used to obtain nano-cellulose do not influence its morphology.Item Caracterización de una enzima xilanasa obtenida mediante reconstrucción ancestral de secuencias(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Sánchez Aguiar, Alex Vinicio; Cerda Mejía, Liliana AlexandraAccelerated economic and demographic growth has promoted the development of agricultural, timber and paper industries, as well as their respective residues generation. Such by-products are mainly composed of lignocellulose, a recalcitrant polymer considered the most bioavailable source of biomass. Despite this, its potential has not been exploited enough, reason of why, part of science focus on lignocellulosic enzymes characterization. Some of them are xylanases belonging to the GH30 family, a catalytically diverse group, products of which, can be useful in value-added compounds elaboration, such as biofuels, polymers, prebiotics, among others. Additionally, there is some interest in enzymatic engineering of these proteins to reveal their behavior or improve their characteristics through rational design. However, ancestral reconstructions of sequences have also been used, under the idea that ancestors of existing enzymes possess improved properties related with promiscuity and resistance to extreme conditions such as temperature. Thus, the present study describes ancestral reconstruction of a GH30 xylanase, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and subsequently purified by IMAC, whose enzyme activity was tested in beechwood xylan. The ancestor, called Xyn_AN4, displays optimal activity at 55 Celsius degrees and pH 4.7 and has structural features similar to GH30-7 subfamily. Furthermore, its enzymatic activity is comparable to that observed in specific glucuronoxylanases and bifunctional xylanases, suggesting a possible connection with the catalyzed reaction.Item Análisis de la actividad antioxidante de un microencapsulado de Mangiferina extraída de la cáscara del mango (Mangifera Indica L.)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Navarro Otavalo, Juan Eduardo; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoMango peel, a by-product of mango processing, has been identified as a valuable source of polyphenols. As such, research on the extraction of mangiferin-rich phenolic compounds from this waste peel is of great interest. The mangiferin has attracted scientific attention due to its various applications in health, nutrition and cosmetics, especially for its and cosmetics, especially for its antioxidant capacity. The extraction of phenolic compounds was carried out through response surface methodology, using dehydration, crushing, and infusion with a water-ethanol mixture at various concentrations for different time intervals. The determination of the total polyphenol content (TPC) was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, achieving a TPC of 93.5928 mg GAE per gram of dry base, with a concentration of 70 percent ethanol. The identification of mangiferin was carried out with UV-Vis and infrared spectrophotometry. The microencapsulation, using a water-extract-maltodextrin mixture, showed an efficiency of 95,146 with a total solids content of 30 percent. The radical inhibition capacity was evaluated by means of the DPPH method, obtaining promising antioxidant promising percentages of antioxidant capacity: 88.373 per cent for the crude extract and 43.165 per cent for the microencapsulated extract. In summary, this study concludes that the microencapsulation process not only overcomes the limitations associated with polyphenols, but also contributes significantly to the increase of the free radical scavenging capacity, highlighting the potential of mango peel in various industrial applications.Item Obtención de un medio enriquecido en proteínas a partir de residuos de papa (Solanum tuberosum) por fermentación microbiana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-08) Apunte Benalcázar, Denise Ivone; Fernández Rivero, DanaeIn the present work of investigation to obtain a half enriched in proteins by microbial fermentation, the physicochemical characterization of the domestic residues of potato was carried out (Solanum tuberosum), for this it was determined: pH, percentage of humidity, percentage of starch and concentration of protein in the superchola, chola and única varieties. By means of a completely random design it was possible to verify that there was no significant difference between the three potato varieties in terms of the percentage of starch. It was characterized macroscopically and microscopically to Aspergillus niger, microorganism isolated by students of the Faculty of Science and Engineering in Food and Biotechnology from organic substrates of lemon, to later use it in the microbial fermentation with the domestic waste characterized. In the research 4 media were formulated, by means of a Factorial design 22 the influence of the humidity factors (61 percent and 93 percent) and composition of the medium (without salts and salts) on the variable responses was determined: concentration of proteins and concentration of biomass, obtaining optimum values of 15,91 mg for every ml and 0,79 g for every ml respectively, in the medium formulated without salts and with a humidity of 61 percent. The kinetic parameters of the microorganism in the optimized medium were determined, obtaining as a result a specific growth speed u=0,016 h^(-1), a doubling time t_d=43,08 h and a yield Y_(x/s)=4,49 g of biomass/mg of substrate consumed.