Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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    Efecto de la inclusión de harina de papa china (Colocasia Esculenta) y plátano no comercial (Mussa Acuminata) en el desarrollo de un embutido tipo salchicha Frankfurt
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Zapata Toaquiza, Johana Lisbeth; Salazar Garcés, Diego Manolo
    Currently, consumer demand for healthier products drives the food industry to develop foods with reduced fat, salt, and sugar content, as well as high nutritional value, aiming to help prevent chronic diseases. The use of underutilized resources presents an opportunity to improve the nutritional profile of food products. Formulations were developed using Chinese yam flour and non-commercial banana flour at concentrations of 8 percent and 12 percent, along with two controls using wheat flour at the same concentrations. The sausages were evaluated for their proximate composition, physicochemical properties, texture, and sensory quality over 30 days of storage. Based on the results, it was determined that the sausages produced have an interesting nutritional value, with the 12 percent Chinese yam and non-commercial banana flour formulation standing out. The color of all four formulations was affected by the nature of the flours used, particularly in those with higher concentrations of non-conventional flours. Finally, sensory analysis showed acceptability for the 8percent Chinese yam and non-commercial banana flour formulation. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the inclusion of non-conventional flours is a viable alternative to improve the nutritional profile of Frankfurt sausages.
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    Efecto de la inclusión de harina de zanahoria blanca (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) y plátano no comercial (Musa balbisiana) en el desarrollo de un embutido tipo salchicha Frankfurt
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Santana Padilla, Anahí Selena; Salazar Garcés, Diego Manolo
    The growing demand for healthier and more sustainable meat products has driven the search for alternatives to traditional ingredients. This study focuses on evaluating the potential of white carrot flour and non-commercial banana flour as alternative ingredients in the production of Frankfurt sausages. Proximate composition, physicochemical parameters, texture, sensory acceptability, and the stability of pH, acidity, and color were evaluated over a 30-day storage period. Significant differences were observed in the compositional parameters between the formulations developed with white carrot flour, non-commercial banana flour, and controls, in which the fiber parameters and a decrease in fat in the formulations with white carrot flour and non-commercial banana stand out. Regarding physicochemical properties, significant differences at the 0.05 probability level were found between the control groups and formulations with white carrot and banana. The texture showed that sausages with white carrot were harder, and chewiness decreased slightly with increasing flour and fiber content. Sensory analysis showed a clear influence of the composition on the acceptability of the product made with unconventional flours. Storage stability showed that, due to the physicochemical properties evaluated, the sausages have stability for up to 30 days of storage.
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    Efecto de la inclusión de harina de yuca amarilla (Manihot esculenta) y plátano no comercial (Mussa acuminata) en el desarrollo de un embutido tipo salchicha Frankfurt
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Quinzo Parra, Jéssica Marcela; Salazar Garcés, Diego Manolo
    improved nutritional profile, characterized by reduced fat, sugar, and salt content, as well as higher fiber content. In this context, the use of flours derived from Andean crops presents an opportunity to leverage both the technological properties and the nutritional benefits these crops offer in the formulation and development of new food products. Two formulations were developed, incorporating a mixture of yellow cassava flour and green plantain flour at concentrations of 5 and 12 percent, along with two control formulations using wheat flour at the same concentrations. In Frankfurt-type sausages, proximal composition, physicochemical properties, texture parameters, color, and sensory attributes were evaluated. The results showed that, based on the proximal composition, the sample with the highest protein and fiber content was the one with a 12 percent concentration of yellow cassava and green plantain flour. The physicochemical properties demonstrated that the addition of these flours resulted in increased yellowness values in the sausages. Texture analysis revealed that the inclusion of these two types of flours caused changes in chewiness and hardness. Finally, the sensory analysis indicated greater acceptability for the sausages prepared with an 8 percent concentration of yellow cassava and green plantain flour.
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    Efecto de la inclusión de harina de achira (Canna Indica) y plátano no comercial (Mussa Acuminata) en el desarrollo de un embutido tipo salchicha Frankfurt
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Núñez Santamaría, Lizbeth Alexandra; Salazar Garcés, Diego Manolo
    Currently, consumers tend to seek foods with high nutritional and functional value, avoiding components associated with the development of chronic diseases. In this context, the use of unconventional flours represents a strategy to enhance meat products. To this end, two formulations were developed incorporating these flours at concentrations of 8 percent and 12 percent, along with two control formulations using wheat flour at the same concentrations. Frankfurt sausages were evaluated for proximal composition, physicochemical properties, texture, and sensory attributes. Additionally, the stability of pH, acidity, and color was assessed during storage. The results of the proximal composition analysis showed higher percentages of fiber, ash, and carbohydrates compared to the control formulations. Regarding physicochemical properties, the addition of these flours led to a decrease in color parameters, indicating a trend toward darker shades. In the texture analysis, no significant changes were observed except for chewiness. On the other hand, during the 30-day storage period, the stability of physicochemical properties showed progressive changes in the treatments, attributable to natural oxidation processes, ingredient interactions, and structural modifications. Finally, in the sensory analysis, the most acceptable treatment was the 12 percent formulation due to the high concentration of flours. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating unconventional flours as functional ingredients, contributing to the development of healthier foods.
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    Elaboración de un Manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura para la microempresa de embutidos Bango, ubicada en el cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2025-02) Arcos Arguello, Milena Nataly; Delgado Ramos, Andrea Verónica
    The use of a Good Manufacturing Practices Manual guarantees the safety and quality of its products, thus complying with the established regulatory standards. This document facilitates the implementation of a quality management system that allows the microenterprise to expand its product portfolio and improve its competitiveness in the market. To achieve this objective, a diagnosis of the current situation of the microenterprise was carried out based on the resolution ARCSA-016-2022-AKRG: 32.2 percent compliance, 60.7 percent noncompliance, and 7.1 percent did not apply. Microbiological analyses were performed on the products offered by the microenterprise before and after the training sessions, and their impact on the reduction of the microbial load was determined and, therefore, on the improvement of the microbial load. Based on the analysis of the microenterprise's needs, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Sanitation Procedures (SSOPs) were developed, and an improvement plan was developed based on cause-effect analysis to propose the Deming cycle and thus correct the deviations detected and promote process optimization. Finally, a customized Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Manual was developed, designed to guarantee the safety and quality of the products, facilitate the expansion of the production line and the incorporation of new products, adapting it to the specific needs of the microenterprise.
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    Uso de la carne de cuy (Cavia porcellus) en la elaboración de un embutido tipo salchicha Frankfurt
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) Pérez Martínez, Álvaro Alejandro; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
    Growing concerns about health and ingredients in processed foods have changed their consumption habits. Today's consumers are controlling their daily intake, reducing the consumption of fast food and unhealthy snacks, and avoiding artificial additives and harmful preservatives. In addition, they are becoming increasingly aware of the negative effects of processed red meat on health, such as an increased risk of chronic diseases. In this context, products with a higher nutritional quality and fewer artificial ingredients are preferred. Based on the above, a promising alternative is guinea pig meat, which is rich in proteins and minerals, has low fat content, and is adaptable to various diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of guinea pig meat in the preparation of a sausage (Frankfurt-type sausage). Three treatments were developed, which were subjected to sensory evaluation to determine the best treatment, to which a proximal and microbiological analysis was carried out. The use of guinea pig meat in greater proportion than pork resulted in a sausage with a more homogeneous and acceptable color, texture, and flavor, which is considered the best formulation by tasters. This product contained 11.60 per cent protein, 25.40 per cent fat, 2.24 per cent fiber, 59.20 per cent moisture, 2.14 per cent ash, and 0 per cent total carbohydrates. Therefore, it is classified as a Type I sausage, complying with the established regulatory parameters, in addition to being a safe and innocuous product for consumers.
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    Elaboración de chorizo parrillero con harina de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) como extensor cárnico
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08) López Gallegos, Jonathan Tobías; Ruiz Robalino, Oscar Eduardo
    The present study aimed to analyze the influence of using chickpea flour (Cicer arietinum L.) as a meat extender in the preparation of parrillero chorizo. Chickpeas, pork and beef, and various seasonings were used to make parrillero chorizos with 5 percent and 10 percent chickpea flour, obtained through a process of milling dry, clean chickpeas. The chorizos were prepared by mixing the ingredients, stuffing the mixture into thin casings, and cooking at 80 degrees celcius for one hour. Sensory analyses were conducted using a ten-point hedonic scale, and textural, proximal, and physicochemical parameters were measured. The results indicated that the chorizos with 10 percent chickpea flour had better texture, aroma, and homogenization, achieving an acceptability index of 80.71 percent. Furthermore, the analyses showed a decrease in protein, fiber, and fat, and an increase in total carbohydrates and moisture in the chorizos with chickpea flour compared to the control. Additionally, a firmer texture and better water retention were observed. It is concluded that chickpea flour is an effective meat extender that improves various qualities of parrillero chorizo without compromising its food safety or quality.
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    ¬¬Desarrollo de un Manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura para la microempresa Embutidos Artesanales Llapin ubicada en la parroquia Celiano Monge del cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-02) Gavilánez Calderón, Daniel Alejandro; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
    This study focuses on the development of a Good Manufacturing Practices Manual for the microenterprise Embutidos Artesanales Llapin, located in the Celiano Monge parish of the Ambato canton. The objective is to provide a micro-enterprise with the tools needed to obtain GMP certification in the future. A diagnosis of the current state of the microenterprise was carried out by means of a verification guide consisting of 200 items and three levels of scale: compliant when the requirements are under the regulations, Not Compliant when they do not conform to the requirements, and Not Applicable when it is not relevant to the establishment's activities, due to the nature of the product and processes. This analysis revealed compliance rates of 28 percent, 61 percent, and 11 percent for compliance, non-compliance, and non-applicability, respectively. Subsequently, Standard Operating and Sanitation Procedures were developed based on the nonconformities and requirements identified in the microenterprise in accordance with resolution ARCSA - DE - 2022 - 016 - AKGR. These procedures are aligned with the processes and production of the establishment, ensuring products are in optimal hygienic and sanitary conditions, as well as high quality and safety for the consumer. Finally, the action plan was designed according to the necessary corrective actions, adjusting to the suggested short-term budget, to address the establishment's nonconformities and achieve the necessary conditions for Good Manufacturing Practices certification by the regulatory agency ARCSA.
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    Proyecto de factibilidad para la implementación de una microempresa de chorizo picante ahumado en la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09) Espinoza Betancourt, David Israel; Ortiz Escobar, Jacqueline de las Mercedes
    The present project allows to know if it is feasible to implement a spicy smoked sausage microenterprise in the city of Ambato province of Tungurahua, for these four key bases are needed: market study, project engineering, corporate structure, and analysis. financial. The purpose of the project is to offer a spicy smoked sausage to the market, which has chili in its formulation, which together with the smoked one, gives distinctive organoleptic characteristics to the product, and will act as conservation agents. Through a corporate study, the administrative requirements of the undertaking called Paysandú sausages. In the engineering of the project, the technology for the elaboration of sausage was applied, selecting materials, equipment and supplies, the productive capacity for an adequate functioning of the microenterprise was determined, a sensory analysis was applied for the election of the best formulation and in the best treatment (30 percent fat and 20 percent chili), a proximal and microbiological analysis was performed. Through a financial study, the viability and profitability of the project for its implementation was determined, based on financial indicators which were the Net Present Value of 29.717,69 dollars, Internal Rate of Return 67 percent, Break-even point of 2614 units/month and the Return on Investment with 159 percent, which determined that the microenterprise is profitable and can be implemented.
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    Efecto de la adición de fibra para la producción y enriquecimiento de embutidos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-03) Arellano Salazar, Melany Lizeth; Salazar Garcés, Diego Manolo
    Food industries seek to develop functional products these due to the high demand they have in the market, thanks to the fact that consumers choose healthier foods, with more natural components and fewer artificial ingredients, that is why reformulations in sausages with the incorporation of Dietary fibers are considered as strategies that allow, in the first place, to revalue products that due to their characteristics have lost space, and on the other hand to obtain a functional and healthier food due to the incorporation of fibers that can enrich and generate benefits in the production of sausages. Due to the aforementioned, the different investigations show that natural fibers from fruits, vegetables, cereals or synthetic fibers such as pectin, β-glucan, inulin help to improve the quality of meat products with respect to functionality, for example, fibers They are favorable in reducing and replacing fats and others are considered as antioxidants that help delay lipid oxidation, other fibers have high water retention capacity, help to improve emulsion stability and also improve cooking performance. However, the inclusion of fibers in high concentrations can affect the sensory characteristics of the product, causing greater darkening and hardness, thus damaging the acceptability of the meat derivative by consumers.