Las actividades lúdicas en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia en la resolución de problemas según Bandura en niñas de 4 a 5 años

Abstract

This research addresses the need to promote the development of self-efficacy in problem-solving among 4- to 5-year-old girls, who often exhibit insecurity, adult dependence, and difficulties when facing everyday challenges. In this context, the general objective was to analyze the impact of play-based activities on self-efficacy in early childhood, from a pedagogical approach grounded in Albert Bandura’s theory. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, applying observation and structured interviews as techniques. These were directed at girls aged 4 to 5 and experts in educational psychology. The findings revealed that after implementing play-based activities accompanied by motivational phrases, the girls showed significant improvements in autonomy, self-confidence, and their ability to solve everyday problems. Based on these results, the pedagogical proposal "Spin, Learn, and Have Fun" was developed—a spinner with positive phrases and cards featuring playful challenges aimed at strengthening decision-making, perseverance, creativity, and emotional self-regulation within the classroom. It is concluded that play, when planned and structured with intention, is not only a source of enjoyment but also an effective means to develop self-efficacy beliefs, thus facilitating meaningful learning and promoting the comprehensive development of young children. The integration of this proposal into active learning environments is recommended, and future research is encouraged to explore its long-term impact in similar educational contexts.