INFECCIONES NOSOCOMIALES A CAUSA DEL STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA

Abstract

Introduction: Nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections constitute a serious global public health problem. It is estimated that between 5-10% of hospitalized patients will suffer some type of infection during their stay in health centers. These infections are associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and costs to healthcare systems. One of the main agents involved in nosocomial infections is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). This pathogen has multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms, which makes its treatment and control in hospital environments difficult. Objective: To analyze the incidence of nosocomial infections due to Staphylococcus Aureus in hospitalized patients. Methodology: A systematic review of recent scientifi c literature on nosocomial Staphylococcus Aureus infections was conducted. The search was carried out in specialized data bases such as Scielo, PubMed, Dialnet, and Google Academia, using key words such as "Nosocomial infections" and "Staphylococcus Aureus." Following the PRISMA flow diagram, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, yielding a total of 24 articles for analysis. The data were organized into tables with information on authors, journals, methodology, results, and URLs. Results: The results show that MRSA is strongly involved in hospital-acquired infections, with prevalence rates of up to 66% in some regions. Healthcare workers can act as vectors by contaminating their hands and personal items. Among the main preventive measures, epidemiological surveillance programs, carrier detection, optimization of infection control practices and strict compliance with hand hygiene standards are recommended. Conclusions: It is concluded that MRSA represents an important global challenge for the safety of hospitalized patients. Its effective control requires coordinated prevention strategies and the active collaboration of health personnel in the implementation of good practices for the containment of this multidrug-resistant pathogen.