MANEJO DE LA DEGENERACIÓN MACULAR HÚMEDA RELACIONADA CON LA EDAD: REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA

Abstract

Introduction: Age-related wet macular degeneration (AMD) is a central retinal pathology that significantly impacts visual acuity. The aim of this research is to explore the management of wet AMD, covering its clinical manifestations and risk factors to current diagnostic modalities and therapeutic strategies. The methodology employed in this literature review involved searching for relevant articles in medical databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic alternatives for wet AMD were selected. The results indicate that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy remains the mainstay treatment for wet AMD but may have side effects, such as the need for frequent injections and the risk of ocular complications. New treatment options, such as antiinflammatory therapy and the combined use of anti-VEGF and photodynamic therapy (PDT), have been shown to be effective in minimizing macular edema and improving visual acuity. In conclusion, it is a multifactorial eye disease that requires an individualized treatment approach. Anti-VEGF therapy remains the mainstay treatment, but new treatment options are being investigated that may be effective in reducing macular edema and improving visual acuity. Furthermore, nutrition can play a key role in the prevention and management of wet AMD