DIAGNÓSTICO DE UN TUMOR XANTOASTROCITOMA PLEOMÓRFICO

Abstract

Introduction: Xanthoastrocytoma Pleomorphic (XAP) is a rare and usually lowgrade brain tumor, which presents significant challenges in its diagnosis. This tumor is characterized by its clinical and pathological heterogeneity, making it a point of interest in the field of neurooncology. Objective: The aim of this research is to review and synthesize current diagnostic methodologies for Xanthoastrocytoma Pleomorphic, identifying the most effective techniques and emerging trends in its identification and classification. Methodology: An exhaustive search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords related to Xanthoastrocytoma Pleomorphic and its diagnosis. Articles in English and Spanish were included, from the year 2017 to 2023, selecting studies that provide data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of XAP. Results: The reviewed studies indicate that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important diagnostic tool for XAP, typically revealing a well-circumscribed lesion with enhancement after contrast administration. Biopsy and histopathological examination are crucial for definitive diagnosis, showing the presence of pleomorphic cells and areas of xanthomatization. Conclusion: The accurate diagnosis of XAP is based on a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological features. Despite advances in imaging and pathology, definitive diagnosis still relies on histology. Understanding molecular characteristics may offer new insights for diagnosis and treatment.