Extracción y caracterización de metabolitos secundarios (polifenoles y flavonoides) obtenidos a partir de Pujín (Hesperomeles ferruginea) planta nativa del cerro Teligote

Abstract

In the Pelileo canton belonging to the province of Tungurahua is the Teligote hill, whose biodiversity has been preserved for decades by the Salasaca culture. One of the representative species is the Pujín (Hesperomeles ferriginea), native plant of the hill and base of the study. In the present, the extraction process of secondary metabolites (polyphenols and total flavonoids) was optimized, evaluating factors such as the type of solvent, temperature, time and number of successive extractions. For the quantification of polyphenols, the Folin-Ciocalteu method and calibration curve with gallic acid were applied, the conditions established for the extraction were methanol at 50 percent, 50 degrees centigrade for 5 min with 4 extractions, obtaining as a result 79.541mg EAG about g of more. While for the quantification of flavonoids, the aluminum chloride method and catechin calibration curve were applied, resulting in the optimal conditions for the extraction, 25 percent methanol at 50 degrees centigrade, 5 min with 3 extractions, obtaining 49.751 mg ECQ on g of more., in both cases reaching a yield greater than 95 percent; It was found that the plant matrix has a high number of polyphenols and flavonoids in relation to other matrices. Complementary to this, the characterization of secondary metabolites was carried out using chromatographic methods (HPLC and TLC), obtaining chromatograms that allowed verifying the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids, in addition to observing that the plant matrix contains a wide spectrum of compounds of interest at different wavelengths.