Rectenna basada en arreglos de antenas tipo parche para captación de energía electromagnética

Abstract

t present, most of the energy sources are natural gas, oil and nuclear industry. But it has to be taken into account that these sources of energy supply are not for life and their price is generally accepted. In addition, it must be considered that they are environmentally unfriendly. Thus, today there is a need for energy alternatives that address the shortcomings that other resources have, considering all the studies that have been conducted on the collection of cleaner, greener and safer energy. Through various researches it is known that energy has many resources from where it can be obtained, such as solar energy, wind energy, vibrations and the one that in this intention will be investigated, which is electromagnetic environmental signals. This research project is focused on gathering information on rectennas, as well as on patch antenna arrays for Energy Harvesting Systems designed at frequencies up to 3 Ghz, in addition to a simulation and implementation of a rectenna consisting of elements and technology suitable for electromagnetic energy harvesting systems; and at the same time analyze the results obtained from the tests carried out in order to demonstrate its efficiency in the aforementioned systems. The design of this prototype, was made in Ansys HFSS software, which allowed us to make a 2x2 array of rectangular patch antennas, in which λ/4 transformers are used to couple the transmission lines to a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms; at the same time the design of a multiplier and voltage rectifier for high frequencies is also performed, in this case for 2. 4 Ghz; in such a way that by joining the antenna array with the rectifier, a useful rectenna for electromagnetic energy collection is obtained.