Browsing by Author "Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander"

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Análisis de riesgo mecánico y ergonómico en los trabajadores de la construcción de las viviendas rurales Tipo MIDUVI, y su incidencia en las condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado, 2014) Vargas Arauz, Ángela Verónica; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
En la presente investigación se desarrolla el análisis de los riesgos mecánicos y ergonómicos durante la construcción de las viviendas tipo MIDUVI del proyecto de vivienda “La Compañía” del cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua. Se realiza la evaluación a los riesgos detectados como intolerables en los puestos de trabajo, para riesgos mecánicos se usa el método WILLIAM FINE en los riesgos de manejo de herramienta cortante y/o punzante, proyección de solidos o líquidos, caída de objetos en manipulación, trabajos en altura y a distinto nivel, piso irregular y, para riesgos ergonómicos se usa los métodos: NIOSH para levantamientos de cargas, REBA para posturas forzadas, Checklist OCRA para movimientos repetitivos y la Norma ISO 11079 para estrés por frío todos estos aplicados en el ámbito de la Seguridad e Higiene Industrial. Por medio de cuadros demostrativos y mediciones se aplican cada uno de los métodos y se obtiene diferentes resultados para determinar el nivel de actuación requerido. Finalmente se desarrolla un programa de prevención con el objetivo de controlar los riesgos intolerables analizados desde la fuente del peligro, el medio de trasmisión y por último el trabajador como receptor; y, además se crean procedimientos de capacitación, trabajo en alturas, levantamiento manual de cargas, que serán aplicados a las necesidades constructivas. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the present research has developed an analysis of the mechanical and ergonomic hazards present during the construction of housing type MIDUVI in the project “La Compañia” of Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. Evaluation was made to the risks identified as unacceptable in the workplace, for mechanical risks the FINE WILLIAM method is used in risk of management cutting tool and/or shooting, projection of solids or liquids, falling objects in handling, working at heights and at different levels, irregular floor, and is used for ergonomic hazards methods as NIOSH to lifting loads, REBA to forced postures, Checklist OCRA to repetitive movements and ISO 11079 Norm to stress freeze all of these applied in the field of Industrial Hygiene. Through demonstration charts and measurements each one of the methods are applied to obtain results to determine the required level of performance. Finally, a Prevention Program is developed with the objective to control the intolerable risks analyzed from the source of danger, transmission medium and the worker as a receiver; also many procedures are created like training, work at heights, manual lifting that will be applied to the construction requirements.
Aplicación de normas técnicas y legales de ambiente y seguridad industrial en la elaboración de Planes de Manejo Ambiental de obras civiles.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Maestría en Producción más Limpia., 2015) Garcés Acuña, Diana Lucía; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
This research aims to analyze the application of technical and legal standards of environment and safety and how this affects the elaboration of environmental management plans that are part of Impact Assessments in civil works projects, these are documents required in the process of certification by the Ministry of Environment for the prevention and control of pollution. The parameters established in the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation, are the general guidelines for the preparation of management plans, based on analysis and critical interpretation. As a result, we find that the parameters mentioned, provide a number of proposals from consulting services in projects of the same branch of activity, in this case, civil works, where the flow of frequent process allows anticipating potential environmental impacts attend and that overall, are common. They should be considered in the environmental management plan as a minimum requirement.
Aplicación del proceso foto-fenton solar para la recuperación del cloroformo residual obtenido luego de la realización del Ensayo de cadmio (Métodos HACH 8017) en el Laboratoirio de Control de Calidad de la Empresa Pública - Empresa Municipal de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Ambato (EP-EMAPA-A)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-07) Rivadeneira Corral, Amy Nataly; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The aim of this research was to study the recuperation of the residual chloroform obtained after the cadmium test (HACH Method 8017) in the Laboratory of Quality Control of the Empresa Pública-Empresa Municipal de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Ambato (EP-EMAPA-A) through the application of the Photo-Fenton solar process. The samples used contained a mixture of residue-water in 1:3 ratio. Different volumes of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrus ion concentration [Fe2+] were applied. The optimun H2O2/Fe2+ ratio was determinated by gas chromatography analizing the chlorofotm recovered after the application of the oxidatuive process. The values corresponding the optimum ratio were 0,075 mL/27,563 mg for H2O2 and Fe2+ respectively. Reaching a percentage of chloroform area of 100,0 ± 0,00 and a probability that the sample read was constituted by chloroform of 93,45 ± 2,05. Applying this optimum ratio in the solar Photo-Fenton process, a 96,4 percent cadmium removal was achieved. When the cadmium test was run with chloroform recovered against a reference material (Trace Metals 1-WS, Fluka Analytica) a reading of 28,2 mg Cu / L was obtained, established value within the certified values of the analysis corresponding to 28,1 ± 0,4 mg Cu / L.
Aprovechamiento de la grasa bovina del Camal Frigorífico Municipal Ambato para la obtención de biodiésel como combustible de origen animal.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-07) Gómez Miranda, Diego Hernán; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
In this research the bovine fat from “Camal Frigorifico Municipal Ambato” was used for obtaining biodiesel as a fuel of animal origin. Fat was extracted with good physicochemistry characteristics for the production of biofuel, using the dry fusion method and a refining process. Obtaining biodiesel was accomplished by a transesterification reaction in which some factors were controlled; such as: molar ratio of methanol/fat, reaction time and catalyzer type and concentration. These factors were analyzed with a factorial experimental design 2n. The biodiesel production by a molar ratio 9:1, during 60 minutes, and using KOH 0,40 % as a catalyzer gave place to the best transesterification process yield (67,75 %) and a 0,05 USD benefit per liter produced. The biodiesel produced by the mentioned factors combination allowed to have a clean and shiny biodiesel with a flash point of 132,4 °C, ensuring its quality as a fuel according to ASTM D 93 standards.
Aprovechamiento del sulfato de aluminio extraído a partir de los lodos generados en la planta de potabilización de agua Casigana de la EP-EMAPA-A, para la clarificación de agua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-07) Díaz Muñoz, David Alejandro; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
In this research the sludge’s from purification plant Casigana from Empresa Pública Empresa Municipal de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Ambato (EP-EMAPA-A) product of its processes was used for obtaining aluminum sulphate as coagulant. The acidification method with sulfuric acid extracted aluminum sulphate type b with physicochemical characteristics suitable for its clarification of water (color removal and turbidity). The aluminum sulphate was obtained by a reaction of the sulfuric acid with aluminum hydroxide (compound present in the sludge) in which the following factors were evaluated; pH of the reaction is carried and the reaction time under agitation, the experimental response was the concentration of aluminum in mg * L-1 obtained in the supernatant. These factors were analyzed by an experimental design of blocks totally random. Resulting in a pH of 1.5 for 30 minutes of reaction; Allowed a recovery of 72.2% of aluminum as aluminum sulfate type b, ensuring its effectiveness as a coagulant according to standards NTE 1903 and NTC: 531 para productos químicos. Sulfato de Aluminio national norm and Colombian norm referenced in Ecuador. The efficacy and dose of the coagulant was evaluated in a jar tests, collecting water samples from the effluent treated by the Casigana treatment plant, evaluating the color and residual turbidity to comply with the NTE 108: 2011 standard.
Cálculo de las emisiones de efecto invernadero en el terminal terrestre de Salcedo como base para futuros proyectos de Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03) León Silva, Martha Alejandra; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The greenhouse gas emissions produced by the Bus station of Salcedo were calculated to determine the carbon footprint, based on ISO 14064 and GHG Protocol, the first baseline of transport activity was established, and an Action Plan was designed. to improve the public Transport of the Parish. The transport baseline consisting of 103 buses was classified by EURO technology, 64 measurements were taken (EURO I6, EURO II 35, EURO III 23) with the ECA-450 using the idling method to obtain: percentage O2, temperature of chimney and environment, CO, NO NO2 and SO2 in mg/m3. The emission factor for CO2 (8.98E + 04 kg/TJ) and N2O (3.46E-02) were determined, which differed from that reported by the IPCC. With respect to GHG emissions (t/year), the EURO II had the highest values with respect to CO2 (36 percent) and N2O (41 percent), while for CH4 the highest value was given by the EURO III (42 percent). The total carbon footprint was 8.86E + 03t CO2-eq, of which range III (8.83E + 03t CO2-eq) generated the largest amount of emissions due to the quality of the fuel and the application of the EURO technology in Ecuador. According to the statistical analysis, it can be mentioned that the EURO technology does not influence oxygen and nitrogen dioxide, but rather carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
Condiciones de iluminación que inciden en el confort visual de los ocupantes de laboratorios de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Campus Huachi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2018) Morejón Miniguano, Álvaro José; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo evaluar las condiciones de iluminación de los laboratorios de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato en su campus Huachi y la incidencia que estás tiene sobre el confort de sus ocupantes. La evaluación de iluminación se la realiza con un luxómetro Sper Scientific modelo 850007C, los datos de nivel de iluminación y uniformidad encontrados son comparados con los requerimientos de la norma UNE 12464.1:2012 Iluminación para Interiores. Para evaluar el confort visual, se emplea el cuestionario para evaluación subjetiva del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo de España. La verificación de la existencia de correlación entre ambas variables, se la realiza mediante el coeficiente de Spearman. En la parte final del presente trabajo, se analiza como la configuración de los edificios pueden ayudar a optimizar el aprovechamiento de luz natural para mejorar las condiciones del nivel de iluminación y uniformidad con un menor consumo energético en el interior de los laboratorios estudiados. Este análisis se lo hace con el OpenSource DIALux. También se incluye un programa para el manejo adecuado de los residuos peligrosos que originan las instalaciones de iluminación.
Desarrollo de instructivos de Seguridad e Higiene Industrial a partir del análisis aerobiológico del relleno sanitario de la Empresa Pública Municipal Gestión Integral de Desechos Sólidos del cantón Salcedo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-05) Vásconez Hurtado, Ingrid Nicole; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The aerobiological study was made in the Sanitary Landfill of Salcedo’s city, which process consisted of taking the air with sterile syringes of 20 cm3 and injecting it into 10 ml of Brain-heart infusion medium to incubate the microorganisms at 37°C. The objective was study the proliferation of microorganisms within the human organism, this study was carried out in the solid waste disposal area and the hospital waste area, where the presence of pathogenic microorganisms which may be responsible for infections in the worker was evaluated. To determine the biological risk was taken as reference the Royal Decree 664/1997 which establishes the microorganism’s classification according to their infectious capacity. In this research was found a couple of dangerous bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, which belong to the third group of this classification, indicating that these microorganisms are capable to produce serious pathologies and are therefore a serious risk to the worker's health and a possibility of spreading into the community. Due to the present risk in the evaluated area, a biosecurity instructive and an instructive about the use of PPE (personal protection equipment) and occupational hygiene were made, which mitigate the risk due to exposure to Salcedo Municipal GAD workers.
Desarrollo de instructivos de Seguridad e Higiene Industrial a partir del análisis aerobiológico del relleno sanitario de la Empresa Pública Municipal Gestión Integral de Desechos Sólidos del cantón Salcedo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-05) Solís Sánchez, Diego Alexis; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The aerobiological study was made in the Sanitary Landfill of Salcedo’s city, which process consisted of taking the air with sterile syringes of 20 cm3 and injecting it into 10 ml of Brain-heart infusion medium to incubate the microorganisms at 37°C. The objective was study the proliferation of microorganisms within the human organism, this study was carried out in the solid waste disposal area and the hospital waste area, where the presence of pathogenic microorganisms which may be responsible for infections in the worker was evaluated. To determine the biological risk was taken as reference the Royal Decree 664/1997 which establishes the microorganism’s classification according to their infectious capacity. In this research was found a couple of dangerous bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, which belong to the third group of this classification, indicating that these microorganisms are capable to produce serious pathologies and are therefore a serious risk to the worker's health and a possibility of spreading into the community. Due to the present risk in the evaluated area, a biosecurity instructive and an instructive about the use of PPE (personal protection equipment) and occupational hygiene were made, which mitigate the risk due to exposure to Salcedo Municipal GAD workers.
Desarrollo de un sistema semi-automático ergonómico para el diagnóstico de cajas de transmisión manuales automotrices hasta 3000 cm3
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas. Maestría en Administración de Empresas, 2021-04) Espinoza Freire, Juan Carlos; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
Las cajas de transmisión, con los años de uso, al no realizar mantenimientos preventivos, entre otros factores, son las principales causas que originan algún tipo de daño, por lo que se recurre a un taller automotriz, por tal razón el trabajador quien realiza su actividad mecánica está expuesto a diferentes riesgos laborales, que son parte del mantenimiento automotriz, la cual es considerada como una actividad de alto índice de riesgo. Por tal motivo, para preservar el cuidado en la seguridad y salud laboral del trabajador, que se encarga del diagnóstico de las cajas de transmisión manuales automotrices, se reviso documentos científicos, la observación directa, una encuesta a 10 trabajadores y la evaluación de posturas forzadas y levantamientos de carga por método REBA, dentro de diferentes talleres automotrices. A partir de esto, se desarrolló un sistema ergonómico, para reducir los riesgos laborales, dado que en diferentes observaciones, se identificó altos riesgos ergonómicos con equipos certificados dentro del diagnóstico común, como son exceso de ruido 93,4 dB, químicos disolventes 500 ppm de octano y temperatura de 22oC, y mediante la evaluación ergonómica con el método REBA, se logró evidenciar que el trabajador está sometido a un nivel de riesgo alto, mientras que en las pruebas de diagnóstico de cajas de transmisión con el sistema ergonómico, el ruido redujo a 85,6 dB y la temperatura a 20,4oC. A su vez con la encuesta realizada en diferentes talleres automotrices se pudo evidenciar la existencia de un alto porcentaje de molestias al final de un turno comprendido de 8 horas, a nivel de las extremidades superiores como es el tronco, el brazo y el antebrazo. Por lo tanto, se implementó el sistema ergonómico en un taller automotriz, se realizó una evaluación ergonómica con el sistema, en donde fue evaluado el trabajador con el sistema semi-automático, proporcionando como resultado, un nivel de riesgo bajo, aceptándose dentro de la microempresa automotriz FAST SOLUTIONS, la cual fue patrocinadora de este proyecto.
Desarrollo del proceso de desinfección para agua embotellada a base de Ozono (O3) en la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Envasada de la Empresa Pública - Empresa Municipal de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Ambato (EP - EMAPA -A)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-04) Gavilanes López, Jonathan Vinicio; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
Ecuador is one of the latin american countries with high levels of consumption for bottle water. The Ecuadorian Technical Norm NTE INEN 2 200:2008 establishes the physicochemical and microbiological parameters requested for water to be bottled up, focusing mainly in safeguard the integrity of users who consume this generalized product worldwide. This investigation was done seeing the need of Empresa Publica- Empresa Municipal de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Ambato (EP-EMAPA-A), for implementing an efficient disinfection process for bottled water, for this reason Ozone (O3) was chosen between the most effective, considering it`s high microbicidal power, short contact times and minimum quantities of by- products formed. Considering these criteria, it was determined that the optimum dose of ozone in water to be bottled is 0,15 mgO3/L (Dosage Scale: 1,75 g/h), maintaining a residual ozone concentration equivalent to 0,08 mgO3/L and 0,07 mg/L as demand for ozone required to disinfect water. These established concentrations are supported by previous physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial analyzes carried out to verify the quality and guarantee of the water that will be provided to the local community as an additional service by EP-EMAPA-A.
Determinación de la influencia de lechuguín (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) y lenteja de agua (Lemna spp.) en la reducción de la dureza del agua de riego de la Empresa Flores del Cotopaxi S.A
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2015) Calderón Valdiviezo, María Dolores; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
El propósito principal del presente estudio fue la reducción de la dureza del agua de riego de la empresa Flores del Cotopaxi S.A., para lo cual se utilizó plantas acuáticas como lechuguín y lenteja de agua. Para determinar las características de la muestra de agua de riego proveniente de la cuenca de Río Blanco se analizó antes y después de ser sometidas a tratamiento los siguientes parámetros: pH, conductividad eléctrica, dureza total, nitratos, y sulfatos, de la misma manera se realizó un conteo de ufc/gramo de raíz de cada planta acuática. El análisis de datos se realizó con el programa estadístico Statgraphics. La investigación permitió concluir que el lechuguín es la planta acuática más idónea en la absorción de minerales, control de pH, conductividad y sulfatos, dado que sus raíces son más fuertes, y según las pruebas microbiológicas realizadas el contenido de microorganismos es mayor. Se analizó la viabilidad económica, resultando de la misma manera el uso de lechuguín como el más factible para su implementación, por facilidad de adquisición y adaptabilidad al medio.
Determinación de riesgo de accidente mayor y su influencia en las áreas de alerta y seguridad de la Empresa AGROCUEROS S.A.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado, 2014) Matheu Aguilar, Humberto Abelardo; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
En el presente trabajo de investigación, se realiza un estudio en los sistemas de abastecimiento, almacenamiento y distribución de Gas Licuado de Petróleo (GLP) en la empresa Agrocueros S. A. de la ciudad de Ambato, el estudio se enfoca principalmente en la zona de los depósitos del combustible tomando en cuenta el considerable volumen de almacenamiento, además se analiza las características del gas en estados líquido y gaseoso, las condiciones termodinámicas, niveles de sobrepresión y del impulso mecánico, analizando el estallido de los recipientes, utilizando el Método Baker. Se evalúa también un casual siniestro con el vehículo cisterna, se determina le energía efectiva de la onda de presión y las zonas influencia. Se analiza las consecuencias en las personas y en las edificaciones, aplicando el Método Probit. Como resultado de este trabajo, se plantea la gestión técnica para prevenir un accidente mayor por explosión. Se propone el plan de emergencia y el plan de capacitación. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research describes a study in the supply, storage and distribution systems of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the Agrocueros SA Company in Ambato city. The research is focused on the fuel storage area, because of its volume; in addition the characteristics of gas are analyzed in its states liquid and gaseous, the thermodynamic conditions and levels of overpressure and mechanical impulse analyzing the outbreak of the containers using Baker Method. It also evaluates a casual sinister with the tanker, it is determined the pressure wave effective energy and the influence zones. The consequences on people and edifications are also analyzed by applying the Probit Method. As a result of this work, I state the technic management in order to prevent a major accident produced by fire or outbreak. It is suggested an emergency plan and a training plan.
Determinación de tipos de biomasa con potencial energético para la producción de biogás de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) en la ciudad de Salcedo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-05) Garcés Sánchez, Sonia Estefanía; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
In the preliminary part of the project Estimation of the energetic potential by thermal-physical analysis of urban solid waste (USW) of the city of Salcedo and anaerobic digestion with infrared radiation. A multiple kind of biomass with energetic potential for biogas production from solid urban waste was determined by classifying the USW in this city, the quantification of the percentage contribution of each kind of waste, and the application of the mathematics models for the determination of the generation of flow of biogas. The classification included 9 types of waste, which only 4 were considered as biomass (easy and fast anaerobic degradation), the contribution of the biomass was 63% of the total of the sampled waste (720 kg) during 36 days. The application of the mathematics models was carried out with the projection of weights of the waste from 2015 to 2030. The Ecuadorian model had the best annual average of biogas production flow (〖9,62x10〗^4 m^3) and consequently an energetic value per year of 〖4,86x10〗^5 kWh.
Determinación de vitamina B2 (Riboflamina) por Cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (HPLC) en el Laboratorio ECUACHEMLAB Cía. Ltda.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-09) Semanate Bautista, Mario Fernando; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The validation of analytical methods is an essential process that laboratories must implement to ensure that the results of analyzes are reliable and reproducible with a basis and statistical analysis. Similarly, the methodology used for validation shows a great performance in working conditions of Ecuachemlab. For the determination of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the methodology described in the AOAC 970.65 Method modified and ISO / IEC 17025 were used. They describe the guidelines and parameters for validation of the method used to ensure the validity results. The analytical parameters determined for method validation are linearity, working range, detection and quantification limits, precision, accuracy and uncertainty. The results, for linearity show a coefficient of correlation higher than r = 0.999 for each calibration curve, LD is equal to 0.002 ug / ml and the LC is 0.08 ug / ml. The working range comprises a concentration of 0.008 mg / ml of riboflavin as a lower limit and 1,003 ug / ml of riboflavin as an upper limit. The coefficient of variation for repeatability and reproducibility is less than 3 and 5% respectively. To determine the accuracy, a Z-score within the limits for each MRC was considered. Finally it was identified a combined and expanded uncertainty for the first three levels set of +/- 0.04 and +/- 0.08 mg vitamin B2 per 100 g of sample respectively. For the last level value it was established an uncertainty value of 0.05 +/- combined and expanded uncertainty equal to +/- 0.09 mg vitamin B2 per 100 g of sample, working at a confidence interval of 95% with a coverage factor k = 2.
Determinación del nivel de riesgo biológico en el aire del relleno sanitario del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Riobamba (GADM Riobamba)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-07) Campaña Robayo, Bélgica Susana; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The level of biological risk in the air of the Landfill of the Riobamba Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government (GADM Riobamba) was determined. The sampling was realized during 20 days, from Monday to Friday in two schedules: 10:00 and 15:00, and in the two areas of the Sanitary Landfill: hospital waste area and common waste area. The air was taken with syringes of 20 cubic centimeters and it was deposited in infusion brain- heart, 50 aspirations were made for each sample. These samples were incubated at 37 Celsius degrees during 48 hours to obtain optimal growth of the bacterias, which was planted in two different culture media, being Triptein Soya Agar and MacConkey Agar, where bacterial growth was evaluated obtaining 103 colonies morphologically different. Trough IMViC biochemical tests, pathogenic gramnegative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteria) and grampositive bacteria that cause multiple infections and diseases in humans due to contact with them. We found 12 different genera of bacteria isolated from the culture media: Shigella, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Hafnia, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus and Providencia, many of them are causative of gastrointestinal diseases to humans considering the work place damage in which there is many these kind of bacteria.
Determinación del nivel de riesgo biológico en el aire del relleno sanitario del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Riobamba (GADM Riobamba)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-07) Navarrete Marcial, Gabriel Josué; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The level of biological risk in the air of the Landfill of the Riobamba Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government (GADM Riobamba) was determined. The sampling was realized during 20 days, from Monday to Friday in two schedules: 10:00 and 15:00, and in the two areas of the Sanitary Landfill: hospital waste area and common waste area. The air was taken with syringes of 20 cubic centimeters and it was deposited in infusion brain- heart, 50 aspirations were made for each sample. These samples were incubated at 37 Celsius degrees during 48 hours to obtain optimal growth of the bacterias, which was planted in two different culture media, being Triptein Soya Agar and MacConkey Agar, where bacterial growth was evaluated obtaining 103 colonies morphologically different. Trough IMViC biochemical tests, pathogenic gramnegative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteria) and grampositive bacteria that cause multiple infections and diseases in humans due to contact with them. We found 12 different genera of bacteria isolated from the culture media: Shigella, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Hafnia, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus and Providencia, many of them are causative of gastrointestinal diseases to humans considering the work place damage in which there is many these kind of bacteria.
Diseño de un Plan para mejorar la calidad del agua embotellada de la Empresa Municipal de Agua potable y Alcantarillado de Guaranda
(Universidad Técnica de Ambaro. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Maestría en Gestión de la Producción Agroindustrial, 2017-11) Solórzano Saltos, Edwin Álvaro; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The research was developed in the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company of Guaranda (EMAPAG), aimed at designing a plan to improve the quality of bottled water considering the requirements established in ISO 10005: 2005. The initial diagnosis identified a 22 % compliance with the requirements of the quality plan. Through a Pareto diagram an order of priorities was assigned to the identified problems within which the planning, production and processes related to the client stand out. A survey was applied to clients and workers of the company to know the perception they have about internal aspects linked to production, establishing that the company does not have protocols implemented for the development of the activities involved in the water bottling process, as well as communication and feedback with the client. The quality plan designed for the company specifies what procedures and resources should be applied, who should apply them and when they should be applied. At the end of the research phase, the requirements verification sheet of ISO 10005: 2005 was applied again, reaching 84% compliance, which demonstrates the applicability and efficiency of the plan.
Diseño de un sistema contra incendios mediante la utilización de la herramienta CFAST en el Laboratorio de Control y Análisis de Alimentos LACONAL
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Zurita Castro, Fernanda Betsabe; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
A fire simulation was conducted in an enclosed enclosure with CFAST, considering the combustion of office real estate, materials and equipment in the LACONAL of the University Technical of Ambato. The design was developed in two phases. The first with the determination of water extinguishing conditions for an area of 264.04 m2 is obtained 24 sprinklers for an optimal design, considering a total flow rate for the system of 4119.02 L for min and a volume of water for the supply source of 596645.17 L according to NFPA 13 and UNE 12845. The second phase simulated a fire under environmental conditions of average temperature of 20 Celsius degrees, humidity of 53 percent, atmospheric pressure of 101500 Pa and oxygen limits of 5 percent. The simulation time, thermal properties of materials for floor, ceilings and walls, the geometric dimensions and coordinates of each compartment, the location of door and window openings in each of the compartments, HRR curves, the coordinates of each of the objects produced as the fire source, and the location of each sprinkler were determined. The maximum temperature profiles of the hot gases were 114 Celsius degrees at 75 seconds of the simulation. The time when the lab reached 20 Celsius degrees was 2110 seconds and the smoke evacuation time was 10800 seconds in the simulation with sprinklers.
Diseño de una máquina procesadora de desechos cortopunzantes en la unidad oncológica provincial Solca Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Vinculación de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2013-08) Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
El presente informe da a conocer los estudios prácticos realizados en el LABORATORIO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO, que tiene como finalidad reducir el volúmen de los diferentes desechos cortopunzantes (jeringuillas, recipientes para muestras de orina y heces) por medio de ensayos de adición de calor utilizando una prensa hidráulica y un pistón neumático que permita el objetivo propuesto. Además se propone un plan de manejo de desechos cortopunzantes que beneficiara exclusivamente al personal de servicio médico de la Unidad Oncológica Provincial SOLCA Tungurahua.