Nutrición y Dietética
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/33812
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Item ESTRATEGIAS NUTRICIONALES EN PACIENTES CON ALZHEIMER. UNA REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Llerena Llerena, Lesly Dayanara; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndresAlzheimer's disease is a growing neurodegenerative condition for the aging population worldwide, and is one of the most common forms of dementia; where nutritional status plays an important role in the prevention and management of this pathology. The objective of this research is to review the latest updates on nutritional strategies in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted. Updated studies that provided nutritional knowledge as strategies in the management of patients with Alzheimer's and recommendations were included. Articles from the last 5 were selected such as: Google Scholar, Elsevier, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Pubmed, Mendeley. Through a database screening of 20 scientific articles, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 high-level evidence investigations were introduced into this study as part of the discussion of nutritional strategies. The consulted research indicates the timely detection of the risk of malnutrition supported by MNA screening, introduction of nutrients in the diet such as antioxidants and antiinflammatories, modification of texture and consistency of foods. Evidence supports that the Mediterranean diet and DASH are more effective for their neuroprotective benefits in Alzheimer's disease.Item Hábitos de desayuno y su relación con el estado nutricional de adolescentes de 15-18 años, de una unidad educativa pública del cantón Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Macías Rodríguez, Tatiana Estefanía; Robayo Zurita, Verónica Alexandra Nd. Mg.Nutrition in Ecuador is a topic of great importance because the country faces several challenges related to food security, malnutrition, and public health in general. According to data from the Ministry of Public Health, chronic malnutrition affects about 24% of children under five in Ecuador. In addition, obesity and overweight are on the rise, especially in urban areas. Based on this, the research focused on determining the relationship between breakfast habits and the nutritional status of adolescents aged 15-18 years in a Public Educational Unit of Ambato Canton. To carry out this analysis, the evaluation of Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age, surveys on eating habits and the participation of students in data collection were included. The research also explores the diversity, quality and proportion of food consumed by adolescents. Where the relationship between breakfast habits and nutritional status is established. The factors analyzed included quantity, frequency and type of food consumed. The results showed that almost the totality of the group of students ate breakfast, with approximately half having it 3 to 5 times a week and the other half every day. The amount of food consumed was considered adequate, and statistical analysis indicated a clear significant relationship (p<0.05) between breakfast habits and nutritional status, with a negative correlation. This suggests that as students increase the healthy habits scale, the association with high BMI or overweight to obesity decreases. The findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy eating practices, raising awareness of dietary diversity, and providing ongoing support to students to maintain optimal nutritional status.Item Prácticas de alimentación complementaria en relación con el estado nutricional en menores de 2 años de centros de desarrollo infantil de la parroquia Augusto n. Martínez(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Cerón Oñate, Ana Nicole; Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth N.D. Mg.It is important to emphasize that the beginning of complementary feeding represents a great change for infants, because it is a stage where a relationship with food tastes and preferences begins, therefore, it also begins a new stage for both caregivers and the infants. Already at this stage, you can observe behaviors around food, progress in childhood health, that is, weight, height, and motor and cognitive development, which will be crucial for later stages. Therefore, the method used for weaning will have a lot to do with their health. Traditionally, these first solid foods have been provided pureed with a spoon. However, currently there are alternative methods to the traditional ones known as baby led weaning (BLW) and baby-led introduction to solids (BLISS). The use of the BLW and BLISS approach has caused concern among health professionals due to their potential risk of choking and deficiency in iron and zinc intake. As well as a lack of macronutrients when using the traditional method. Through this research project, we seek to determine the nutritional status according to the method or complementary feeding practices used by the educators in the MIESS Child Development centers. In addition to exploring the position of health personnel, as well as the motivations, characteristics, and perspectives of educators according to the method they choose; with the aim of investigating the evidence in this regard so that nutrition professionals, in the areas of pediatrics and primary care, support educators interested in these methodsItem Caracterización del estado nutricional, eventos alimentarios y actividad física en estudiantes de nivelación de la facultad ciencias de la salud(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Caisaguano Vega, Marcia Yadira; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia PhD.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el estado nutricional, en función de los eventos alimentarios y actividad física en estudiantes de nivelación de la Facultad Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, pertenecientes al período Abril 2023 – Septiembre 2023. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y de corte trasversal, se obtuvo una muestra de 117 estudiantes, y se aplicó los cuestionarios: “Cuestionario de Hábitos Alimentarios de Universitarios” y “Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ)”. Además, se tomó las medidas antropométricas de peso, talla y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Para el análisis estadístico se digitalizó la información en el programa de Microsoft Excel 2016, y fueron analizadas en el programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics 21. En los resultados el 49,6% indicaron consumir los alimentos 3 veces al día, la comida del desayuno es el evento alimentario que más omiten. La comida más consumida en media mañana son las frutas (enteras o en preparaciones) y/o frutos secos y en media tarde el agua natural. El 61,5% de estudiantes presentaron un nivel de actividad física bajo y 8 de estos estudiantes presentan hábito de sedentarismo. El 71,8% de estudiantes presentaron estado nutricional normal, de estos una mayor proporción (36,8%) presentaron un porcentaje de grasa corporal inadecuado.Item Estado nutricional en relación a estilos de vida y alimentación saludable en estudiantes universitarios foráneos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Azogue Tanguila, Jennifer Pamela; Robayo Zurita, Verónica Alexandra ND. Mg.The present research focused on analyzing how nutritional status, lifestyles and knowledge of healthy eating are related among foreign students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato (UTA). A sample of 134 students was selected, using the Body Mass Index (BMI) formula and applying questionnaires to evaluate and compare these variables among students from different careers of the faculty. The methodological approach adopted was quantitative, descriptive observational, with an association and cross-sectional design. The study concluded that there is no significant relationship between nutritional status, measured by Body Mass Index (BMI), and lifestyles and knowledge about healthy eating among foreign students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato.Item Determinación del porcentaje de grasa en los adolescentes de 12 a 18 años asociada a factores socio demográficos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Galarza Barragán, Rebeca Karolina; Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth Mg.Currently, overweight and obesity constitute a global problem that affects the majority of adolescents, particularly in Latin America. In our country, it is estimated that 26% of the population has malnutrition due to excess linked to poor diet and factors that influence their development. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the relationship between fat percentage and associated sociodemographic factors in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. For this reason, a descriptive observational correlational methodology with a transversal, qualitative and quantitative approach was used, with a study sample of 253 students to whom the questionnaire on sociodemographic factors was applied and anthropometric measurements were taken. As a result, it was obtained that the adolescents had an average BMI of 22.24 kg/m²; The majority of adolescents (64.4%) according to the BMI/Age indicator have a normal nutritional status, 3.2% are malnourished and 28.5% are underweight. When we talk about overweight and obesity, the percentages are 3.2% and 0.8% respectively. In Height/Age, a predominance was obtained in normal height (60.9) and large normal height (25.3%). Regarding the percentage of fat, it was found that 64.4% had a normal percentage, 8.7% high and 25.3% very high, being higher in women than in men. In addition, a relationship was obtained between the percentage of fat and sex (p = 0.024), with the female gender predominating; No significant linear relationship was obtained with other sociodemographic data.Item Relación del estado nutricional y la calidad de dieta de los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de cáncer(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Guaygua Arroyo, Leidy Jazmin; Chávez Velasco, Irlanda del Lourdes Dra.The purpose of this research project was to determine the nutritional status and diet quality of patients diagnosed with cancer in a private health entity in the city of Ambato. The study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and the subjects included in the study were 45 patients, 31 were female and 14 were male. For the assessment, a nutritional evaluation instrument of our own authorship was used, which arose from the compilation of different subjective assessment instruments previously used in other studies. In this nutritional status assessment tool, anthropometric indicators such as weight, height, BMI, fat mass and muscle mass were taken into account. Biochemical indicators considered were hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes and albumin. Regarding the clinical assessment, the main symptoms that appear in the disease were taken into account and finally, to determine the quality of the diet, a 24- hour recall was used, with a sampling and analysis of exact grams per food with the help of the Photographic Manual of Ecuadorian Foods. The results of the research were processed with the Pearson Chi-square statistical test for the crossover of variables, which showed that according to the indicators used, it can be considered that there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and the quality of the diet of cancer patients.Item Relación de la ingesta dietética y actividad física en el estado nutricional de los miembros de la policía nacional de la subzona Tungurahua #18(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-08-01) Barrera Morales, Jennifer Paola; Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia Lic, MSc.In times of crisis, it is crucial to have a strong and efficient police force to meet security challenges, despite the social, financial, health and nutritional difficulties that may arise. In this context, research was conducted to determine the nutritional condition of police officers in the Pelileo district. A mixed approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative information, including anthropometric measurements and a nutritional diagnosis. The physical activity performed both during or after the job was inquired, and macronutrient intake was evaluated. The results showed that approximately 64% of the participants were overweight, with no significant metabolic risk, and a medium body build. However, the fat index aligned with BMI, indicating 71% obesity and 21% overweight. About 50% had average muscularity, related to a high level of weekly physical activity. Regarding macronutrient intake, variations were observed between work and rest days, with a nutritional imbalance. Despite this, no significant differences were found between home and work consumption in relation to requirements. These statistically supported findings suggest adequate levels of nutrition, although it is contradictory to the high rates of overweight and obesity. Indepth studies on nutrient intake needed for better understanding