Tesis Agronomía
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Item Evaluación de productos a base de silicio en el comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Avenger)(2025-02) Atencio Orbe Estuardo Efrain; Pérez Salinas Marco OswaldoThis research was carried out at the María Victoria agricultural farm, in the province of Cotopaxi, in the Héroes del Cenepa sector. The impact of two silicon-based products on the agronomic performance of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Avenger) was evaluated. The products used were (Produsil Gold with a concentration of 73.69%) and (Silikon with a concentration of 36%), applied by different methods (drench, foliar and drench + foliar) at a concentration of 2 g/L and 2 ml/L respectively. The main objective of the study was to determine the most suitable product and application method to improve crop quality and yield, especially in terms of compaction and weight of the pellets. The variables of height and chlorophyll content were evaluated every 30 days, while the variables of weight, grain uniformity, and calcium and silicon accumulation in the leaves were evaluated at the end of the crop cycle. The results showed that the application of silicon, particularly with the Silikon product via drench + foliar, significantly increased the height of the plants with an average height of 64.27 cm; it also increased the weight of the pellets, obtaining an average weight of 556.89 g. In addition, greater compaction of the pellets was observed in most of the results, which reduces post-harvest losses. Laboratory analyses confirmed a synergy between silicon and calcium, suggesting a positive effect on plant physiology. In conclusion, the results obtained support the hypothesis that silicon, applied appropriately, can significantly improve the quality and yield of broccoli crops, making it a promising tool to optimize production and reduce post-harvest losses.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de nuevos cultivares de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.), en la Parroquia de Izamba(2024-02) Flores Palate, Evelyn Katherine; Veloz Naranjo, Walter OswaldoThis trial was conducted in the sector of Yacupamba in the parish of Izamba, with the objective of evaluating the agronomic performance of new lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa. L), using new materials such as Alpina, Nazarinas, Patagonia, Fedra and comparing them with the Coolguard control. During the field trial, a randomized complete block experimental design with five treatments and three replicates was used. The data obtained were analyzed using an ADEVA and Tukey's test at 5%, observing the following results: percentage of bolting, presence of pests and diseases, cabbage weight, cabbage polar diameter, cabbage equatorial diameter and crop yield, showing the following results, the most outstanding being Alpina (M2) for the cabbage weight variable with a mean of 1210. 53 g and for the equatorial diameter with a mean of 15.55 cm in diameter, as well as standing out in the yield variable with a mean of 79.00 Ta/ha. Regarding diseases and pests, all treatments showed some degree of attack by phytopathogenic fungi and common pests, so it was determined that the varieties studied do not have tolerance to attacks either by pests and diseases, the cultivar that presented ideal characteristics for the polar diameter variable was the variety Nazarinas (M3) with an average of 20. 34 cm in diameter, i.e. these treatments showed better agronomic characteristics, so it can be determined that these new materials adapted better in the area where this trial was conducted, while the treatments composed of Patagonia (M1), Fedra (M5) and Coolguard as a control (M4), showed lower values than Alpina (M2) and Nazarinas (M3). Key words: Lettuce, Agronomic characteristics, Materials, Cultivars.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de líneas promisorias de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) del INIAP, sector Querochaca(2023-09) Sotaminga Cueva, Jamilex Tatiana; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisIn Ecuador, wheat production is of great importance and a high demand in the economy. The most producing provinces are Bolívar, Chimborazo, Pichincha, Imbabura and Tungurahua. The research work was carried out in Querochaca, Tungurahua province with the objective of determining the agronomic behavior of 4 promising lines of wheat under the agroecological conditions of the Querochaca campus. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was carried out with three repetitions, plant height, type of straw, number of grains per spike, spike size, severity of yellow rust, yield type and grain color were evaluated; and test weight. The results obtained were for the plant height variable, the TA- 19-003 line obtained a greater height of 97.67 cm, the TA-19-008 line showed a strong stem (thick, erect, flexible). The INIAP-IMBABURA variety presented a higher test weight of 79.13 kg/hl. Regarding the type and color of the grain, a high percentage of the grains were medium, white and of good appearance, while the rest were medium, red and good grains or thick, red grains and good appearance. For the variable number of grains per spike, the line TA-20-001 presented 58 grains/spike followed by TA-19-003 with 51 grains/spike. The INIAP-IMBABURA 2014 variety showed the least severity to attack by yellow or stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), the TA-19-003 line obtained a higher yield with an average weight of 56664.81 kg/ha.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de dieciocho variedades mejoradas de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) liberadas por el INIAP en el Campus Querochaca, Cevallos(2023-03) Galarza Tenesaca, Edisson Roberto; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belongs to the grass family and originates in the Asian region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. In Ecuador, wheat is highly demanded and commercialized, and is part of the basic food basket and diet, since it provides a great nutritional source of calories and protein. The present research work was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato, Querochaca Campus, with the objective of evaluating the agronomic performance of eighteen improved wheat varieties released by INIAP, in order to identify the material with the best yield and good adaptability in that area, for which a completely randomized design was used with three replications of the 18 varieties, generating a total of 54 experimental units with an area of 1.2 m2 per plot. The variables to be evaluated were: days to heading, plant height, straw type, ear size, number of grains per ear, yield, hectoliter weight, diseases, type and color of grain. For data analysis and information processing, InfoStat statistical software was used to generate the normality test (Kolmogorov) at 5% significance, and then perform the analysis of variance using ADEVA and Tukey (parametric tests) or Kruskal and Wallis (non-parametric tests). Finally, the results determined that the varieties with the best agronomic performance were: INIAP ROMERO 73 in days to heading with an average of 81 days, being the earliest, in plant height INIAP COTOPAXI 88 with an average of 113.17cm, in ear size INIAP ROMERO 73 with an average size of 11.63cm, in number of grains per ear INIAP ROMERO 73 with an average size of 11.63cm, in number of grains per ear INIAP COTOPAXI 88 with an average of 11.17cm, in number of grains per ear the variety INIAP COTACAHI 98 with an average of 76 grains/spike, in hectoliter weight the variety INIAP COTACACHI 98 with an average weight of 81.18 Kg/hl, in yield INIAP ZHALAO 2003 with an average of 8005.55 Kg/ha, the varieties with the best resistance to yellow rust were: INIAP COTACAHI 98, INIAP ATACAZO 69, INIAP COJITAMBO 92, INIAP QUILINDAÑA 94 and INIAP MIRADOR 2010.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de cuatro líneas promisorias de cebada desnuda bajo las condiciones agroecológicas del sector Querochaca(2023-03) Chugcho Chugcho, Christian Daniel; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe research proposes the evaluation of the agronomic behavior of four promising lines of naked barley under the agroecological conditions of the sector of Querochaca, a completely random block design was used with 5 treatments and 3 repeats, variables such as days of tasseling, height of the thatch plant type, spike size, number of grains per spike, yield, specific weight, weight of thousand grains, type and color of grain and diseases that occurred were evaluated, for each of these variables the Shapiro Wilks, Homogeneity, ADEVA, 5% Tukey or qualitative test was performed. Concluding that all the promising lines provided by the program of Cereals in research were adapted under the agro-ecological conditions of the sector Querochaca canton Cevallos, in the province of Tungurahua. Obtaining promising lines much more outstanding than others, where CD-19-010 was the line that best adaptability in field presented with 81.67 days to the stem, intermediate stem, yield of 7483.33 kg/ha, specific weight of 78.90 kg hl -1 a coarse, large grain, well-formed, clean white and good looking. As for diseases that occurred were; yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) had a percentage of 15%, leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) a percentage of 1% and yellow dwarfism virus of barley (Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus). Restricted yellowing of the leaves was found making it the best promising line compared to the remaining three lines (CD-19-007, CD-19-006, CD-19-011) and the control variety INIAP-ATAHUALPA 92Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de cuatro líneas promisorias de avena bajo las condiciones agroecológicas de Querochaca(2023-03) Moposita Taipe, Alexandra Magay; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOats (Avena sativa) is a very important crop worldwide, in Ecuador this crop has come to have a good adaptation thanks to the geographical characteristics that it presents, the present investigation had the purpose of evaluating the agroecological behavior of 4 promising lines of oats in the sector Querochaca in order to determine which variety of oats has the best agroecological adaptation in the study place, in the Querochaca sector, 4 promising lines of oats and a control were cultivated, which was designed an essay with 3 repetitions for each of the variables, The variables that were taken into account were: Days to spike, plant height, type of straw, spike size, number of grains per spike, yield, hectoliter or specific weight, weight of a thousand grains, type and color of grain, diseases. For the results, they were analyzed using tables and graphs obtained by the INFOSTAT software. The appearance of the panicle in line AS-17- 002 was 109 days for which it was determined with a late promising line. Finally, it was possible to determine that the AS-17-000 lines have a higher yield and a better adaptation to the agroecological conditions of the area.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de cuatro líneas promisorias de cebada bajo las condiciones agroecológicas del sector Querochaca(2023-03) Naranjo Freire, Diego Alejandro; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe present research work evaluated the agronomic behavior of four promising lines of barley, under the agro ecological conditions of the sector of Querochaca, the promising lines and the improved variety were provided by the INIAP cereals program, a completely random block design was employed with 5 treatments with 3 repetitions, in the research we studied variables such as days of tasseling, plant height, spike size, thatch type, number of grains per spike, yield, thousand grain weight, hectolithic or specific weight, type and color of grain and diseases, for each variable was used the test of Shapiro Wilks, homogeneity, ADEVA and Tukey to 5%, already finished the investigation the promising lines have been adapted to the agro ecological conditions of the field Querochaca in Cevallos canton, province of Tungurahua. Promising lines were obtained that stood out much more than others, the promising line CD-19-004 was the line that was better adapted to agro ecological conditions, presenting 85.33 days to the stem, plant height 125 cm, an intermediate stem, a medium grain, round shape, white color and good appearance, there was presence of diseases yellow leaf rust (Puccinia striiformis) with a severity of 38.8%, leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) present a severity of 6.67% and yellow dwarfism barley virus (BYDV) present traces of yellowing of the tip of few leaves, vigorous looking plant, CD-19-004 was the best promising line compared to the remaining three lines (CD-19-013, CMU-19-002, CMU-19-001) and surpassing the improved variety INIAP-CAÑICAPA 2003.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de 15 variedades mejoradas de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) liberadas por el INIAP(2023-03) Simbaña Chiluisa, Edison Klever; Valle Velástegui, Edgar LucianoBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world, with 50% of the area and 63% of the production volume concentrated in Europe, where ninety million t/ha are produced with average productivity of 4 t/ha. In Ecuador, only 24,000 t/ha is produced, with an average productivity of 0.60 t/ha and production costs of up to U$ 700 per hectare. This research work took place at the Technical University of Ambato, Agricultural Sciences’ Faculty, located in Cevallos City, Tungurahua province. Fifteen barley varieties from the Cereal Program of the Experimental Station "Santa Catalina" INIAP were used. The objective of the exploratory study was to verify the agronomic performance of 15 varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by INIAP in order to identify germplasm with superior characteristics that demonstrate precocity, disease resistance, quality, and high yield. Variables evaluated: plant height, straw type, ear size, number of grains per ear, yield per hectare, hectoliter or specific weight, thousand-grain weight, grain type and color, and presence of diseases. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was implemented, in the sources of variation that indicated statistical significance, a Tukey test at 5% was performed, while for those that did not adjust, a non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was performed, with the data obtained it was determined that all treatments were adapted to the conditions of the field under study, the treatment with better adaptability to agroecological conditions was the INIAP-Dorada 71 variety and the one with the best grain yield was INIAP-Quilotoa 2003 with 8724. 44 kg/ha.