Ingeniería Mecánica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/900
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Item Diseño y construcción de un molino de bolas planetario para el Laboratorio de Materiales de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Maldonado Bernabé, Christian Patricio; Amores Balseca, Edwin Gustavo; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThis technical project was carried out due to the importance of implementing a planetary ball mill for the crushing of fine powders and at the same time obtaining steel chip spraying for the materials laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato The project is oriented in the design, construction, and functional tests that at the same time is composed of a two-phase motor, pulleys and a variable speed drive among other devices, for this, different types of mills were investigated. In the theoretical and analytical, the selection of a two-phase motor was made according to the needs of the planetary ball mill, the main elements were designed such as the structure which will support the transmission system and other components. In addition, the axes have the function of generating the planetary movement by means of pulleys. A fundamental aspect is the size, weight and noise with which the machine was designed. The main parts of the mill are: variator, motor, shafts, vessels, pulleys, timer and transmission bands, etc. The project was designed with the intention of using it for powder metallurgy applications, in which fine steel powders will be obtained in a range of 45 to 250 microns. In addition, it will facilitate research carried out by students, teachers and thus create new mechanical alloys. Finally, the machine was built with materials that are resistant to corrosion, are available in the market and have an affordable cost for their respective construction.Item Diseño y construcción de una troqueladora para elaborar contrafuertes para calzado en el taller de calzado Creaciones Majo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Maliza Zamora, Wilmer Orlando; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThe present technical project is focused on the design and construction of a die cutter, which consists of a cutting mechanism that is constituted by a punch and die, electro-pneumatic system consisting of a maintenance unit, solenoid valve, pneumatic cylinder and a support structure that is the component that gives stability to the machine; in the course of fulfilling the objectives, the appropriate material for the manufacture of the cutting mechanism was selected, with the help of calculations and data obtained through tests and investigations, it was possible to choose a piston suitable for shaping the electro-pneumatic system. The support structure was built in structural steel ASTM A500 and this was designed to withstand external forces that not only involve the weight of the die cutter; During the tests of operation when using the punching machine it was possible to confirm that the reduction of time is considerable compared to the traditional process carried out by hand.Item Diseño y construcción de una prensa y molde para compactar polvo metálico para el laboratorio de materiales de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Valencia Escobar, John Bryan; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThis project aims to develop a methodology for the design and construction of hydraulic presses with powder metallurgy applications, and also allows people interested in the subject to determine the most significant design theories for this case. For this, the manufacturing process of the metal powder compacting elements was carried out, according to ASTM B 925-03, which allows the preparation and production of specimens for P / M powder metallurgical tests, and for each mechanical element of the hydraulic press, considering the design theories learned in the course of the career, put into practice in this thesis topic. For the manufacture of powder metallurgical specimens, a series of samples were made and their geometry was evaluated to determine their validity by means of a 6 ”/ 150 mm insize brand king foot calibrator that provides a minimum percentage of error as established by ASTM B 925 -03. After having performed the analysis of the dimensions of specimens obtained, it was evidenced that the dimensions of these tests were maintained within the tolerance range established by ASTM B 925-03. With this, it was possible to verify the optimal operation of the machine and that our project met the objectives established for the different test specimens.Item Diseño y construcción de un molde de inyección de gafas de seguridad de la empresa Arakiprod Cia. Ltda(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Campaña Cortés, Fabricio Germán; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThe execution is carried out with the investigation of legal regulations that authorize the design and construction of eye protectors and that is legally permitted in Ecuador, this being the official registry RTE INEN 216, which cites the standard EN 166: 2001 as reference for the design and construction of eye protectors. In accordance with the beneficiary company, a design for "glasses with lateral protection" is established and focuses on optimizing conventional designs under the concept of less, moreover, providing greater protection of the eye area proposed by the standard mentioned with a product of three elements that are assembled by adjustment and without metallic pins. The final geometry was obtained after several designs that were captured in prototypes by means of molten deposition molding (3D printing) and served as a guide to visualize constructive details. Once the 3D geometry was established, the CAD design of the matrix for injection molding was carried out, where the parameters of the injection machines were used for the design of two injection molds, injection pressure parameters, closing force, and injection capacity define the geometry of the mold and number of cavities. Each element of the injection molds was built, with a manufacturing process by chip removal that allows obtaining each mechanized element. To then be assembled piece by piece and then mounted on the injection machine, where injection tests were carried out until the desired product was obtained.Item Diseño y contrucción de un generador de energía limpia a partir de la aleación níquel-titanio en los laboratorios de la FICM(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Velasco Alvarez, David Natanael; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioFor this project, the behavior of nickel with titanium production was evaluated as a band for a clean energy generator. The cable specifications used are 0.5 mm in diameter and 80ºC transition temperature, for the quality a transmission ratio of 5: 2 is considered. Once the relationship was established, the design of the pulleys was obtained obtaining the masses in a CAD software to be used to obtain the linear force of the circular movement. For the selection of the number of channels to be used, consider the transmission force of the nitinol wire through the Dinalloy factory, to be compared with the linear force obtained for each channel added. Once the generator is designed, 3D printing will be processed and used for the construction of pulleys, bases, protectors and supports, it will be used with PLA polymers. Once the construction is finished, the necessary tests will be carried out to obtain revolutions generated by the pulley system, voltage and amperage of the system, therefore, the connection of the large pulley shaft was made, which gave greater torque through a transmission coupling to the generator motor shaft. And measurements were obtained through a PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) in the large pulley of 50 to 60 rpm at a high temperature of 80 ° C and a compression temperature that was modified between 15 ° C to 30 ° C for a voltage of 1.12 V.Item Diseño y construcción de un generador de flujo radial de imanes permanentes de neodimio con estator de polos salientes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Ramos Cabrera, Juan Daniel; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThe purpose of this technical project is the design and construction of a radial flow generator of permanent neodymium magnets with outgoing pole stator, with which electric power was generated from the use of permanent neodymium magnets subject to the stator, which they are used to maintain a permanent magnetic field and with a winding rotor. For the elaboration of this project the hydraulic energy of the waterfall “El Silencio” located in the parish Ulba was used in the song Baños de Agua Santa with a waterfall of 30m and two turbo-pumps Pelton and Michell-Banki in order to identify the configuration that provides the greatest energy delivery. Two winding rotors were built, one of A36 and the other of silicon steel M19, maintaining similar configurations in the type of winding, however, the A36 rotor had a higher magnetic field density due to its high carbon content. This caused that the flow required to overcome the inertia of the rotor is greater, in addition, its temperature increased from 40 to 120 ° C in the winding limiting its operation. In the tests, the data of voltage, amperage, flow rate and rpm were collected, which were tabulated and plotted. In interpreting the graphs, it was determined that the Michell-Banki turbo-pump had better results than the Pelton turbo-pump. Achieving a voltage between 80 – 110 V with a resistance of 20 ohm and a maximum amperage of 4.57 A, the flow required for its operation was between the range of 50 to 150 m3/h. The application of this system in conjunction with the turbo-pump Michell-Banki and generator of permanent magnets of neodymium with stator of protruding poles and rotor of silicon steel M19 could be applied to a house to which the electric service is limited by the wiring public and the pumping of vital fluid is required.Item Diseño y construcción estructural de un prototipo de avión no tripulado táctico con sistema modular desmontable para el centro de investigación y desarrollo de la Fuerza Aérea Ecuatoriana de la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Chipantiza Bombon, Alex Daniel; Espín Guerrero, Víctor RodrigoThis project was carried out at the Development Research Center of the Ecuadorian Air Force, which aims to design and build the structure of a Tactical UAV prototype using a detachable modular system as a requirement of the research center. The detachable system seeks a better way to transport the UAV to different missions, reducing the space to be occupied in the means of transport that is chosen, in addition to the ease of assembling and removing the wing and tail of the aircraft. To design the prototype, parameters such as weight, dimensions of both the fuselage, wing and tail were considered, as well as the speeds of loss and cruiser to know the behavior of the UAV through an aerodynamic analysis, observing its behavior in cruise-flying conditions, in addition to minimal losses due to aircraft friction when it comes into contact with air particles. The safety factor of 1.5 sec was applied in the structural calculation and analysis, according to federal aviation standards (FAR/AIM), which allows disasters to be avoided if a force exceeds the limit is required. The structure was developed using composite materials such as carbon fiber and epoxy resin that was used for the lamination of the cab, and the composite material consisting of fiberglass, carbon and epoxy resin for the wing skin, providing a less weight in addition to high impact resistance. Finally, the structure of the UAV prototype was obtained; the wing and tail are disassembled easily, fulfilling the requirements established by the Research Center.Item Diseño y construcción de un molino de bolas planetario para el laboratorio de materiales de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Amores Balseca, Edwin Gustavo; Maldonado Bernabé, Christian Patricio; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThis technical project was carried out due to the importance of implementing a planetary ball mill for the crushing of fine powders and at the same time obtaining steel chip spraying for the materials laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato The project is oriented in the design, construction, and functional tests that at the same time is composed of a two-phase motor, pulleys and a variable speed drive among other devices, for this, different types of mills were investigated. In the theoretical and analytical, the selection of a two-phase motor was made according to the needs of the planetary ball mill, the main elements were designed such as the structure which will support the transmission system and other components. In addition, the axes have the function of generating the planetary movement by means of pulleys. A fundamental aspect is the size, weight and noise with which the machine was designed. The main parts of the mill are: variator, motor, shafts, vessels, pulleys, timer and transmission bands, etc. The project was designed with the intention of using it for powder metallurgy applications, in which fine steel powders will be obtained in a range of 45 to 250 microns. In addition, it will facilitate research carried out by students, teachers and thus create new mechanical alloys. Finally, the machine was built with materials that are resistant to corrosion, are available in the market and have an affordable cost for their respective construction.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para determinar grietas en las capelladas de piel para la empresa “Mecánica Balladares” en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Pérez Acosta, María del Carmen; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronIn this work, a machine is designed and built, proposed by the company that makes footwear, to tighten leather uppers and evaluate defects. According to the evaluating operator, the capelladas will be rejected or accepted for the next process in the footwear production line. The company states that sometimes the capelladas fail in the process of assembly of tips and are discarded, meaning great waste, so the purpose of this machine is to avoid carrying the entire process of sewing and assembling parts checking them just after the punching. In the province of Tungurahua, footwear production is 65% and 80% leather produced in the country according to CALTU (National Chamber of Footwear), is a high figure, therefore, the company wants to improve its production techniques with less waste. By research, analysis, observation, a solution was obtained for the design, where the evaluation process resembles the process of assembling tips on the footwear, which has the cost of clamps and a tensor similar to the last, the calculations of the pistons start from the air consumption of the riding machine. The materials that were assigned to the plates are A36 steel, the AISI 1020 pins, for the axles is AISI 1018 transmission steel, structural tubes for the base, pistons were used with the calculated measurements, springs, bearings, and other elements electropneumatic The machine was built in the company "Mecánica Balladares", who provided their tools and knowledge of the workshop. In this work are plans, operation and maintenance manual, necessary to understand the mechanism and operation.Item Diseño y construcción de un sistema de ventilación utilizando filtros de efecto ciclón para cajuelas de autobuses interprovinciales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Villegas Hidalgo, Darwin Javier; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThis research work is the design and construction of a ventilation system with a cyclone filter was carried out, in order to improve the internal conditions of interprovincial bus trunks obtaining a better distribution of the air flow, reducing odors and avoiding the dilation of the rubbers of the trunks to facilitate the opening of the gates. It is divided into two parts: a numerical and an experimental. At the initial stage, it comprises the numerical analysis of trunks, which is carried out by means of a 2D geometric scale model to define the border-edge conditions and generate the meshing of the geometries for simulation at different air flow speeds with Ansys- Fluent of simple and complex trunk models with ventilation systems, allowing the visualization of the pressure data. With this, we started to propose a better alternative, determining the dimensioning of the ventilation system, also its shape, having as main source of information manuals related to ventilation systems and cyclone filter design. All the procedures of the new design were generated, and simulations were carried out in which it was possible to adjust the adequate parameters for the distribution of air in the trunk, afterwards the construction and assembly of all the elements of the system was carried out to perform the performance tests obtaining an experimental efficiency of the 85;96% cyclone with diameter particles of 150, 75, 45 and 20 microns. The experimental analysis for calibration included carrying out tests in a wind tunnel involving the trunk - wind of prototype to scale and constant speed taking pressure data record by means of BMP 280 sensors. When comparing the results it was found that the difference of pressures is of the order 1;5Pa: At the end of this process, the pressure values obtained from the experimentation of the trunk of the bus on the road at different speeds were contrasted. When comparing the results it was found that the pressure difference is of the order 150Pa: The difference between them is attributed to the control of the environment, assembly of the sensors, the precision and meteorological condition of the instruments at the time of the tests.
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