Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Desarrollo de una aplicación computacional para el análisis de estructuras utilizando elementos finitos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Yugcha Chango, Alex Adrian; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis project addresses the growing need for tools that enable the efficient and pedagogical resolution of complex structural problems, given the complexity of current commercial solutions. By facilitating the learning of the finite element method, it aims to promote an understanding of the fundamentals of structural analysis and their application to real-world problems. Additionally, it focuses on offering an interactive experience that fosters the development of skills for solving complex problems in both academic and professional settings. An application was designed using matrix calculation algorithms in Python, complemented by specialized libraries of this programming language to handle matrices, generate visualizations, and produce detailed reports. Validation was carried out through experimental tests and comparisons with specialized software, analyzing practical cases of bar structures, trusses, and frames. Simultaneously, bibliographic references were consulted to support the mathematical formulation and the design of the graphical interface, ensuring that users can understand and replicate the calculations performed by the program. The results obtained demonstrate that the application is capable of accurately calculating stiffness matrices, nodal displacements, and stress diagrams, maintaining a minimal difference compared to results generated by commercial tools. Furthermore, the application offers a unique pedagogical approach, explaining the internal processes of the FEM and providing detailed reports of the structural analysis. In conclusion, this proposal represents an accessible and educational alternative that integrates advanced calculations with an intuitive interface, contributing to both learning and professional practice in structural engineering.Item Diseño, implementación y automatización de un sistema de riego mixto (goteo y microaspersión) para un invernadero de producción de fresa en el cantón Tisaleo.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Ramos Moreta, Kevin Patricio; Tixe Yugcha, Joel Leonardo; Sánchez Almeida, Edwin LeonardoGiven the high labor costs due to the remote location of the greenhouse, manual irrigation and water wastage, this technical project aims to meet the need to implement an automated irrigation system for a strawberry greenhouse, which is able to optimize water distribution according to the needs of the crop, improving water management. In this project, the infiltration rate of the soil was determined to understand the conditions of absorption and retention, followed by temperature measurements to establish the optimal time of operation of the micro-sprinkler; a mixed irrigation nozzle was designed by integrating the methods mentioned above, based on principles of operation of existing emitters in the market. The nozzle was manufactured using 3D resin printing, a rapid prototyping method. For the operation of the mixed irrigation system, agronomical and hydraulic calculations were performed, allowing the design of a piping system capable of operating at different pressures: 1.1 bar for drip and 3.4 bar for micro-sprinkling, guaranteeing the correct operation of the nozzle. The automation of the system was controlled in Arduino, temperature sensor, clock module and relays that control the solenoid valves, alternating between drip and microsprinkling according to the programmed schedules and weather conditions. The results obtained through the implementation of the new system improved the overall water efficiency of the greenhouse by 24 percent. In addition, it eliminated the need for manual irrigation by hose, contributing to economic savings.Item Diseño de matrices para conformar herrajes usados en la junta viga – columna de estructuras livianas.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Ramírez Morales, Fabricio Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínTo ensure the stability and safety of metal constructions, these fittings must meet precision and strength standards, especially in structural systems such as “Steel Framing”. Although advances have been made in metal forming processes, there are still challenges in the efficient manufacture of high-precision fittings. Dies were designed to form fittings used in beam-column joints in light structures. To this end, a detailed analysis of the forming processes was carried out, and the operations involved in the manufacture of fittings were studied. In addition, a progressive die was designed and simulated using the software involved in order to ensure efficiency and precision in the production of fittings. Within the simulation of the dies, it was necessary to choose between various catalogues to select the components that best fit the forming process that was intended to be achieved. In addition, applicable regulations were considered in each component of the die, trying to guarantee its durability and required standards, in order to have a processing of the parts involved. The cost of each component was evaluated in order to have an economic approach and economic feasibility. The simulations allowed to evaluate the effects of operations such as punching, cutting and bending, optimizing the design of the dies to minimize defects in the manufactured fittings. Additionally, the cost of construction of the dies was analyzed and their economic investment was verified, ensuring their viability and efficiency in the manufacturing process.Item Implementación de la metodología 5S para incrementar la eficiencia operativa en la empresa Preplast en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Ambato.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Pérez Péres, Diego Alexander; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánOne of the primary challenges affecting the operational process at PREPLAST is the lack of efficiency among production personnel due to the absence of the 5S methodology. This method, originating in Japan, focuses on principles of order, cleanliness, classification, standardization, and discipline within production processes, contributing to the improvement of working conditions. This research study evaluates the impact of implementing the 5S methodology in PREPLAST’s production area, analyzing order fulfillment rates, process optimization, and waste reduction. Prior to its implementation, 75 per cent of orders were completed on time. Through data collection and employee feedback, the study identified key areas for improvement, including reduced search times, minimized production waste, and enhanced workplace organization. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in work area organization, waste minimization, and employee engagement. The workforce reported increased satisfaction and confidence in workplace conditions, fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Upon full implementation of the 5S methodology, order fulfillment rates increased to 94 per cent, and overall operational efficiency saw a marked improvement.Item Análisis de parámetros termodinámicos para determinar niveles de eficiencia en miniturborreactores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Paucar Rojana, Christian Javier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThis project focuses on acquiring in-depth knowledge about miniturbojets within the field of combustion engines, since, to date, there is not enough research on the subject. An evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters that influence their operation was carried out, using specialized software. In this program, a miniturbojet model was selected and, based on it, calculations were made to optimize its efficiency and performance. For the initial development, key aspects such as the temperature and inlet and outlet pressures in the compressor, combustion chamber and nozzle were analyzed. In addition, additional variables such as fuel type and compression ratios were considered. These factors were determined by thermal efficiency calculations, considering the heat input in the miniturbojet compressor. From these parameters, an exhaustive analysis was carried out, allowing the identification of different variables that influence the performance of the system. In particular, a detailed study of the TJ1 turbomachine was carried out, in which its thermal and propulsive efficiency were determined, showing how the energy contained in the gas flow is transformed into useful thrust. In addition, it was identified that various sections of the miniturbojet operate under a Brayton cycle, which allowed its isentropic performance to be evaluated under the temperature and pressure conditions reached during the operation of the system, also considering possible energy losses and their impact on efficiency.Item Optimización de los tiempos de producción en el área de ensamble de una camioneta 4x4 en la empresa Ciauto mediante el análisis de flujos y la identificación de cuellos de botella(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Paredes Toapanta, Fernanda de los Ángeles; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe automotive industry faces constant challenges in the optimization of processes, generating a greater impact on the efficiency and quality of the final product. In the City of the Auto "CIAUTO", problems related to bottlenecks and activities that do not generate value in the Assembly area for the production of a 4x4 truck were identified. These limitations affect cycle times, operational fluidity, and the ability to meet market demads. In this study, an exhaustive analysis of the assembly lines was carried out: Chasis, Trim, and Cabina. Tools such as Value Stream Mapping (VMF), time studies by station and operator, in addition to the balancing wall that allows the identification of stations that are bottlenecks were used. Movement diagrams were also used to analyze unnecessary displacement, and the root causes of operational inefficiencies are evaluated using the Ishikawa diagram. Subsequently, a second time study was carried out, comparing the results with the initial study to determine the percentage reduction in man-hours. The impact of the implemented proposals is evaluated through a cost study conducted for one year. The analysis concludes by accepting the null hypothesis, reflecting that the implemented improvements do not result in an overall enhancement of operational efficiency. However, reductions in station and operator times were achieved, tasks were balanced using the balancing wall, excessive movements were eliminated, and activities that do not add value are projected to be further reduced.Item Desarrollo del proceso de fabricación para la obtención de sorbetes biodegradables.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Manjarrez Ocaña, Edwin Andrés; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe growing concern about environmental pollution caused by single-use plastics has driven the search for biodegradable alternatives. This project addresses this issue by developing a process to manufacture biodegradable straws that reduce environmental impact. The use of materials such as sugarcane bagasse was prioritized due to its availability, low cost, and biodegradable properties, along with its versatility and low carbon footprint, aligning with global sustainability trends and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The development process included an exhaustive review of the scientific and technical literature to identify suitable materials and evaluate the most efficient manufacturing methods. The extrusion method was selected as the main technique, given its ability to process the chosen materials and its adaptability in the industry. As part of the project, a single-screw extruder machine was designed, optimized to produce up to 2 kg/hour of biodegradable straws. The design focused on the efficiency of the process and the proper configuration of the extrusion system, ensuring continuous and uniform production with low resource consumption. The results of the study showed that the combination of sugarcane bagasse and cassava starch allows obtaining biodegradable straws with characteristics suitable for use in the food industry. The designed machine meets the requirements of sustainable production, ensuring economic viability, industrial scalability, and reduction of plastic waste. In addition to promoting technological innovation and supporting the transition towards a circular economy.Item Diseño de matrices para conformar herraje para anclajes utilizados en estructuras livianas.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Lalaleo Guangasi, Alex David; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínThis project is based on the need to produce dies that guarantee precision and homogeneity in the manufacture of fittings. It addresses the design of a progressive die for the mass production of metal fittings used as anchors in light structures. These elements are essential to guarantee the stability and strength of structures in industrial and construction applications. A study was carried out on the design of metal fittings and the determination of the most efficient manufacturing process, concluding that sheet metal forming using progressive dies represents the most appropriate technical solution. This method guaranteed the production of parts with high precision and excellent quality. Using advanced computer-aided design tools, the progressive die for forming the fittings was developed, optimized for mass production processes. This design integrates engineering criteria that allow minimizing cycle times and costs associated with the manufacturing process. Additionally, detailed technical calculations were carried out, with the aim of guaranteeing a robust and functional design that maximizes production efficiency and ensures the dimensional precision of the manufactured parts. As a result, a detailed economic analysis was carried out assessing the feasibility of the progressive die design, considering key aspects such as material costs, manufacturing processes, assembly and commissioning. It also includes the selection of the press, sized and technically specified to satisfy the correct operation and performance of the die in the production process.Item Diseño y construcción de una cortadora de cilindros de hormigón para el laboratorio de la Carrera de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Jacome Guerrero, José Joaquin; Peña Jordán, Francisco JavierThis technical project deals with the design and construction of a concrete cylinder cutting machine for the laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department of the Technical University of Ambato. This project was carried out taking into account the lack of a machine that is static in the first instance because cutting with manual machines presents a high risk of accidents. This equipment is designed as static in order to reduce accidents associated with the use of manual tools and to improve cutting accuracy, a crucial factor for quality testing of concrete specimens. The development of this project was based on previous research, ergonomic analysis, technical standards as well as ASTM C39 for design and functionality verification, among these are main features such as perpendicularity and flatness, highlighting the use of diamond disc of special diameter for cutting cores of 16 cm, 3Hp low speed electric motor and a robust structure of ASTM A36 steel with an anticorrosive coating, prioritizing the ergonomic design of the table ensuring user comfort at the time of use. It included the selection of materials, CAD software assisted design and performance simulations in terms of stresses and behaviors of critical elements, as well as welding joints to ensure a better result at the time of construction, functionality and efficiency improving the quality of cutting and optimization in the time of this, minimizing the risk of students.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para la fabricación de resortes helicoidales de ½’’ y 1’’ de diámetro interior.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Mayorga Ochoa, Alexis Ricardo; Hinojosa Santillán, Santiago Paúl; López Villacis, Gonzalo EduardoIndustrialization in Ecuador has been significantly driven by technological advances that benefit various industrial sectors. Among these, cargo vehicles play a crucial role in commercialization, generating a high demand for specific components, such as springs. These mechanical elements are widely used across different industries, particularly in the automotive sector. However, in Ecuador, spring manufacturing processes are typically handmade and lack technical design criteria, making it difficult to meet the growing demand for precision and quality. In response to this challenge, a machine was designed and built for the manufacture of helical springs with inner diameters of 1/2 inch and 1 inch. The objective was to modernize the process and improve production efficiency. Appropriate design parameters were researched, engineering software was utilized for development, and unctional tests were conducted to validate the machine's performance. The study employed an applied methodology that included the selection of mechanical elements, comparisons with existing models, and technical calculations to ensure optimal safety factors. As a result, a machine was developed that can manufacture custom springs with precise measurements tailored to the requirements of the automotive sector, which represents the highest demand. The primary contribution of this project is its support for the growth of Ecuador’s industrial sector by introducing innovative technologies that enhance traditional manufacturing processes. Furthermore, it highlights the practical application of engineering knowledge to address real-world industrial challenges, fostering efficiency and development in the country’s manufacturing sector.