Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz elastomérica reforzado con fibra de cabuya para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Machado Machado, Alvaro Fernando; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe study was conducted out in order to generate technological and scientific benefits to the conformation of new composite materials that have been considered high growth and demand in the global market, considering lighter materials and low manufacturing cost that have equal or superior mechanical and physical properties that will replace the materials that have traditionally been presented in the industry. The experimental work was perform the mechanical characterization of latex matrix composite material reinforced cabuya short fiber with random with random orientation and volumetric fractions of 20% latex-80% fiber of cabuya, 30% latex-70% fiber of cabuya, 45 % latex-55% fiber of cabuya,since compression molds and manual stratification were used for the same. Of the essays carried out, the group of specimens that exhibit the best results in their mechanical properties through the tests under the UNE standard. (UNE - ISO 37, UNE - ISO 7743, UNE - ISO 48). With the analyzes developed by means of the statistical methodology based on the general complete factorial design and the function of desirability, it was determined that the best mechanical characteristics of the composite material to take advantage of, It was composed of fiber length of 1cm and volumetric fraction of 20% Latex - 80% Cabuya, obtaining results for tensile stress of 10,592 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 9,986 MPa and shore hardness D 48,667.Item Análisis del proceso de ranurado y taladrado en el material compuesto de resina plástica reforzada con fibra de vidrio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Silva Gavilanez, Erika Natali; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánIn recent years the use of composite materials in industry has increased, due to its high strength and low weight, for this reason the study of machining processes in composite materials is very important to determine optimum cutting parameters, which allow to obtain a quality machining. In the present study the analysis of cutting parameters was carried out for two important processes such as grooving and drilling in two composite materials: polyester resin matrix reinforced with fiberglass and epoxy resin matrix reinforced with fiberglass, these materials were manufactured by the manual stratification method with a volumetric composition: 70% matrix and 30% reinforcement. For the grooving and drilling process, two exclusive cutting tools were used to machine composite materials, and the DOE experimental method was used, which allowed us to obtain the combinations of cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate), with the which were carried out the machining tests corresponding to each process, in the samples obtained measurements of surface roughness (Ra) and delamination that is defined by a delamination factor (Fd). The results obtained allowed us to define the cutting parameters for grooving and drilling, with which the best surface quality and the lowest delamination of the mechanized composite material were obtained.Item Análisis de la velocidad de combustión y su incidencia en los materiales utilizados en el interior de carrocerías para vehículos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Villena Portero, José Luis; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronIn the present experimental work the flammability index of some of the materials in the construction of bodies is obtained, the process to carry out these tests is found in the ISO 3795 standard, the inflammability index that the materials in the construction in the bodies have a good behavior in front of the fire said materials should help to repel the fire. The ISO 3795 standard establishes the following principles: Composite materials: Interior roof lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin) and Interior side lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin); Textile materials Pranna flexible polyester (seat lining) and Textile based on vinyl (floor lining) and Wood Triplex marine (body floors of mass transport vehicles) The allowed flammability indices are: 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min respectively. The INEN 1668 and 1323 norms indicate what the flammability index is allowed in the construction materials of bodywork interiors. There is no need to comply with the provisions of the regulations.Item Caracterización mecánico de un material compuesto de matriz epóxica reforzado con fibras de polipropileno y su posible aplicación industrial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Toapanta Muyulema, Luis Alfredo; Paredes Robalino, María BelénThe research project was based on the mechanical characterization of the material composed of epoxy resin and polypropylene fiber, with different configurations such as the length of the reinforcement that in this case was used short fiber of 10mm and long fibers of 54mm with random and longitudinal distributions In addition, different volumetric fractions (80-20%, 75-25%, 70-30%) were used, corresponding to the percentage of the matrix and reinforcement, respectively, in order to establish the composite material with the best performance in the traction, bending and impact, for its later application in the industry. Tensile, bending and impact tests were performed under ASTM D3039, ASTM D7464, ASTM D5628, respectively. With the data of the tensile tests a first evaluation was made to determine the materials that pass to the following tests of flexion and impact, the same as the materials of the case 1.- 80% Matrix - 20% Reinforcement, short fiber of polypropylene (10mm), random orientation, case 2.- 80% Matrix - 20% Reinforcement, polypropylene long fiber (54mm), longitudinal orientation, case 3.- 75% Matrix - 25% Reinforcement, polypropylene short fiber (10mm) ), random orientation and case 6.- 70% Matrix - 30% Reinforcement, long polypropylene fiber (54mm), longitudinal orientation. Once the data of the flexion and impact tests were obtained, I made a second evaluation to determine the material with the best behavior present, which in this case was the material of case 6, which determined that this material is the best behavior Mechanical presents.Item Obtención y caracterización de materiales compuestos de fibra de vidrio más resina poliester con inclusión de nanotubos de carbono mediante arco eléctrico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Salazar Chuquiana, Byron Ricardo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThis research is based on the mechanical characterization of composite epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes, different configurations of the reinforcing material and volume fraction to determine the configuration and volume fraction to provide best combination of mechanical properties were taken to then it is compared to traditional materials and thus find a new alternative for a new composite material (carbon nanotubes - polyester composite resin + 3 layers of fiberglass).. Mechanical characterization for tensile tests, bending, hardness and volume fraction best configuration and an adhesion test between fiber and matrix was performed were performed. The tests performed were based on standards of strength (ASTM D3039 / D3039M-00), bending (ASTM D7264 / D7264M - 07 ASTM D 2240-00). Mechanical determination and relevant analysis determined that the material that best behavior present in combination in mechanical properties (Traction - Deflection) was the material composed of 5% of material obtained from carbon nanotubes with 65% matrix and 30% reinforcing and laminated in the following order of reinforcing layers [FV + (RP + NTC) + FV + (RP + NTC) + FV + (RP + NTC)], I improved the maximum tensile stress by 7.8% with respect to the original material and the maximum effort at bending remained within the expected standard deviation at a confidence level of 95%.Item Selección y fabricación de componentes externos e internos de un prototipo de auto eléctrico BIPLAZA UTA-CIM17(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Naranjo Quispe, Lincol Marcelo; Jijón Arias, Héctor Leonardo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoFor the elaboration of the present technical project, the materials that comply with the applicable regulations, manufacturing processes and finishes suitable for the elaboration of the external and internal parts of the auto prototype were selected. In this technical work, the weighting was used as a selection tool for the different external and internal components that were used in the manufacture of the CIM17. The hybrid materials were taken into account for the interior lining process since some of these are within our reach, we can cite as an example the polyester resin + abaca fiber + cotton fiber, this being one of several materials that can find. Regarding manufacturing processes, manual stratification was used to obtain the piece made with the hybrid material that was used in the construction of internal components, as was the case with the board. The outer covering was made using the sheet metal technique to give shape to the design previously made, and also the components such as windows and windshields were built according to molds that were better adapted to the design of the CIM17.Item Estudio de corte láser por CO2 en materiales compuestos: fibra de vidrio (FV) + resina poliéster, fibra de vidrio (FV) + fibra natural (FN) + resina poliéster(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Rojas Moposita, Rony Rubén; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe present experimental work carried out in two types of materials: composite (glass fiber and polyester resin) and hybrid (fiberglass, cabuya fiber and polyester resin), manufactured by the author in individual plate forms under established specifications were submitted to the laser cutting process by CO2, in order to determine the appropriate parameters that provide a high quality of cut in the aforementioned materials. Experimental cutting tests were carried out in order to define the manipulable parameters and the range of them; These parameters were the power of the machine, the cutting speed and different geometries to evaluate the precision of the process. Once the preliminary tests were carried out, the experimental design (DOE) was carried out to define the different combinations between power, speed and existing cutting geometry with which a number of 36 combinations were determined for each of the materials. The laser machine with which the different cuts were made is of the brand NICE CUT model NC-1612 that has a maximum range of 100W of power and its auxiliary gas is CO2 belonging to MASTER GRAFIC: CNC LASER - CNC ROUTER - CNC PLASMA located in the city of Ambato for what made possible the realization of the tests. The cut quality was evaluated based on the surface roughness (Ra) and the critical temperature (T) of the cut, a Mitutoyo SJ-210 rugosimeter was used to measure the roughness and thermal calculations were carried out to determine the temperature. case called "pulse of energy on a surface"; measurements of surface temperature were taken while cutting with a CEM DT - 8867H pyrometer, thus checking the calculated temperatures. Finally, the optimal parameters that gave a good surface roughness with the lowest critical temperature were defined, which undoubtedly reduces the amount of material burned in the laser cutting process by CO2 thus providing a good quality of cut.Item Aplicabilidad de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con fibras de hoja de tuna en usos industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Vargas Flores, Patricio Daniel; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present study is based on the experimentation and characterization of the composite material of counterfoil polymeric reinforced with fibre of sheet of prickly pear. This type fibre is a proposal since in Ecuador especially in the sierra region grows this type of plant in soils variety, at present big prickly pear plantations exist only for its fruit and its sheets are dried, rejected and used like organic fertilizer since an application does not exist for the same ones, for such a motive of the disused sheets the reinforcement fibre was obtained. The burettes were prepared with different configurations and volumetric fractions in a mold of steel A-36 for every type of essay it lowers norms for haulage ASTM 3039, for push-up ASTM-7264 and for impact ASTM-5628 for the purpose of establishing the ideal combination that grants the best mechanical properties of the composite material and power to give use in the industry. By means of the essays realized in the different volumetric fractions by manual stratification the best combination turned out to be to 70 % of counterfoil polymeric and to 30 % of fibre of prickly pear, with interlaced fibres having a resistance to the haulage =10. 94 MPa, resistance to push-up =24. 98 MPa and absorbed energy = 2. 42 J. The applications found for this material they were seen in the ambiences of the movable and aeronautical industry.Item Obtención de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster y lana de oveja para evaluar el comportamiento mecánico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Espín Medina, Christian Xavier; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe production of sheep wool is one of the natural resources that are not used at present, its cost is relatively low and friendly to the environment, so in the present experimental project a composite material was developed that is based on a polyester resin matrix and reinforcement configuration of sheep wool, in which two types of volumetric fractions were taken 70% matrix - 30% reinforcement and 60% matrix - 40% reinforcement, two types of configurations were also made of reinforcement: discontinuity to the longitudinal axis and discontinuity to the transverse axis. The manufacturing of the specimens was carried out in a compression steel mold. The tensile and bending tests were carried out in the Metalmecánico Carrocero Productive Production Center and the impact test was carried out in the Materials Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. By means of tensile, bending and impact tests performed on the specimens and under ASTM D3039-00, ASTM D7264-07 and ASTM D5628-10 standards respectively, the composite material that obtained the best mechanical characteristics was determined, being this group 2 the which is composed of 70% polyester matrix and 30% sheep wool, with a configuration of discontinuity to the transverse axis.Item Aplicabilidad de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con partículas residuales de cuero en usos industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017-10) Izurieta Guerrero, Carlos Eduardo; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelTanneries through the process of tanning of the animal skin remove certain layers of skin during the process of filing and scraping, product of these processes is obtained fine particulate and coarse leather particulate respectively, this generated particulate become waste, in such a way the idea was born to manufacture a polymeric matrix composite (polyester resin) reinforced with residual particles of leather that is friendly to the environment and intended for industrial uses. For the preparation of the test pieces, different volumetric fractions were used for both fine particulate and coarse leather particulate, by means of the vacuum stratification process, to be tensile, flexural and impact tested by ASTM D3039, ASTM D7264, ASTM D5628, respectively, obtaining the mechanical properties of the material. By means of the tensile, flexure and impact tests, it was obtained that the composite of polyester matrix with thick particulate reinforcement of leather with the volumetric fraction 70% matrix and 30% reinforcement presented the best results, Traction Rupture Effort 5, 5 MPa, Modulus of Elasticity 154.1 MPa, Bending Rupture at 16.58 MPa, Bending Modulus 548.9 MPa, Impact Resistance 1.09 J.