Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de una junta sismo resistente utilizando materiales de aporte comercial E7018- AR y E7018-SR sobre un acero ASTM A 36, aplicando el código AWS D1.8-D1.8M(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Ronquillo Bombón, Eduardo Benjamín; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThe present research project has been developed with the fundamental objective of establishing the study of the mechanical properties of welding in a seismically resistant butt joint made of carbon steel ASTM A 36, welded with different types of carbon steel electrodes E7018-AR and E7018-SR, for the purposes of this analysis electrodes of the same commercial brand used nationally have been selected. Subsequently, the specimens were obtained to carry out the destructive tensile and impact tests, which were carried out in the laboratories of the Center of Productive Promotion Metal Mechanic of the H.G.P. Tungurahua, as well as in the laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato to determine the metallographic analysis of the welded joints. After having carried out the required tests we proceeded with their respective analysis and interpretation of the results, coming to determined the best filler material with the best mechanical properties on a resistant seismic joint. Finally, a proposal was made for the elaboration of a welding procedure for said WPS and PQR processes for the welding process with E7018-SR 3/32" diameter electrode with a low preheating temperature, which was the electrode that presented the best mechanical properties at the different service conditions. This research project is based on code AWS D1.8-D1.8M, the which it gives us different general dispositions. For its development we had the advice of teachers of the Technical University of Ambato of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics.Item Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz elastomérica reforzado con fibra de cabuya para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Machado Machado, Alvaro Fernando; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe study was conducted out in order to generate technological and scientific benefits to the conformation of new composite materials that have been considered high growth and demand in the global market, considering lighter materials and low manufacturing cost that have equal or superior mechanical and physical properties that will replace the materials that have traditionally been presented in the industry. The experimental work was perform the mechanical characterization of latex matrix composite material reinforced cabuya short fiber with random with random orientation and volumetric fractions of 20% latex-80% fiber of cabuya, 30% latex-70% fiber of cabuya, 45 % latex-55% fiber of cabuya,since compression molds and manual stratification were used for the same. Of the essays carried out, the group of specimens that exhibit the best results in their mechanical properties through the tests under the UNE standard. (UNE - ISO 37, UNE - ISO 7743, UNE - ISO 48). With the analyzes developed by means of the statistical methodology based on the general complete factorial design and the function of desirability, it was determined that the best mechanical characteristics of the composite material to take advantage of, It was composed of fiber length of 1cm and volumetric fraction of 20% Latex - 80% Cabuya, obtaining results for tensile stress of 10,592 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 9,986 MPa and shore hardness D 48,667.Item Caracterización de las propiedades mecánicas (TRACCIÓN, CHARPY Y METALOGRÁFICAS) de las varillas para la construcción con recubrimiento de hormigón frente a alteraciones térmicas controladas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) García Rodríguez, Julio César; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThe present experimental work was carried out with the purpose of carrying out a study to the rods for the construction, analyzing their behavior in front of a fire, simulating this fact with controlled thermal alterations and at the same time reinforcing them with a concrete coating being this way in a case of the real life, in such a way the affectation of the material will be determined. In this research the results of the characterization of the mechanical properties (tensile, impact and metallographic) of the concrete coated material will be exposed, the mechanical tests have been carried out under the standards (ASTM E8 / E8M- 16a) for traction, (ASTM E23) for impact. For the preparation of the test pieces that have been tested a specific dosage was taken for the coating, these were designed as a beam species with the measurements of (15x15) cm of base and 46 cm of length, after their curing process they were exposed at temperatures of 650 ° C, 800 ° C and 950 ° C, for a time of 30 minutes once reached each temperature, then they were suddenly cooled in a tank with water at room temperature for 5 minutes, then the concrete was detached and obtain the rods that were inside, to proceed to be rehearsed. The preparation of the specimens was carried out based on the aforementioned standards, for each case of temperature including the standard, 5 samples were taken for each group in such a way that a more accurate result was obtained. In the case of traction results, it was obtained that the breaking strength based on the temperature reached up to 650 ° C will improve, but after reaching a higher temperature, as in the case of 800 ° C and 950 ° C, this resistance will decrease considerably. For the impact test, more variant results have been obtained, such as, for example, at 650 ° C the property the impact resistance improves, in the case of 800 ° C its resistance decreases, but not being less than the standard resistance and at 900 ° C the resistance increases its value again, being higher than previous temperatures. Finally, in the metallographic analysis has determined variation in its microstructures, the microscopic photographs have been taken with magnifications of 100x, 200x and 500x, in such a way that the segmented photography of 100x allowed us to calculate the percentage of pearlite and the percentage of carbonItem Análisis estadístico de las propiedades mecánicas a tracción, flexión e impacto del material híbrido con fibra de vidrio y abacá en matriz polimérica de resina poliéster, para determinar la mejor configuración(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Erazo Sánchez, Henry David; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoItem Análisis de las características mecánicas de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con partículas de caucho de neumáticos reciclados y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Acosta Benavides, Carolina Nataly; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe addition of recycled tires rubber particles in thermostable polymers is a shape to promote the recycling of scrap tires, replacing traditional materials with environment friendly composite material, for this reason, the present project had as objectives to obtain the composite of recycled tires rubber particles and polyester resin with reinforcement concentrations of 30%, 35% and 40% for three different sizes of particles, manufacture test pieces standard and characterize the composite through Flexural, Compressive and Hardness tests under the standards ASTM D7264-07, ASTM D695-15, ASTM D785-03 and ASTD 2240-05 respectively and Fractography. This allowed to obtain experimentally the mechanical properties of the composite, obtaining as a result that the combination of 30% rubber particles of G1 particle size and 70% polyester resin presented the best mechanical properties with: the máximum flexural stress of 13,16 MPa, flexural modulus of elasticity of 425,46 MPa, maximum strain of 3,21%, maximum compressive stress of 7,49 MPa, yield stress of 1,94 MPa, compressive modulus of elasticity of 37,40 MPa, compressive strain of 20,29%, and 17,01 Rockwell hardness. Also, it was determined that the incorporation of rubber particles in the polyester resin had a negative impact on the máximum flexural and compressive stress, flexural and compressive modulus of elasticity, and hardness, but it bear higher flexural and compressive strain. The composite material is adequate for the manufacture of headlights edge of a Hino AK bus with a mínimum thickness of 3 mm, because it complies with a minimum safety factor of 2,931, ensuring the suitable performance of the piece in aerodynamic conditions.Item Caracterización mecánica del material híbrido de matriz epóxica reforzada con fibra de vidrio y tejido de fibras naturales de caña guadua y algodón para la determinación de propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Mazón Ortiz, Pablo Daniel; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThe present experimental work was carried out to look for new reinforcement alternatives in composite materials, reducing the dependence on synthetic fibers as well as some derivatives of fossil fuels, looking for new alternatives in vegetable fibers. In this research, the results of the mechanical characterization of the composite material of epoxy matrix reinforced with fiberglass and natural fiber fabric of bamboo and cotton will be exposed, the specimens were manufactured according to specifications of the standards (ASTM D-3039) for traction, (ASTM D-7264) for bending and the standard (ASTM D-5628) for impact. The fiber was extracted manually and reduced in several stages until obtaining the desired fibers, the cotton was acquired in the Rosario Salasaca where the bamboo and cotton fabric was also made, once obtained the epoxy resin and the fabric, it was cut the flat fabric at 0º, 45º and 135º depending on the combination to be made. The type of stratification used was vacuum, so the test pieces were manufactured in CIDFAE. The combination with the best results was a matrix of epoxy resin reinforced with a layer of fiberglass and two layers of natural fiber fabric of bamboo and cotton with an orientation of 0° oven-cured and vacuum laminated, resulted in maximum tensile stress 131,654MPa, maximum flexural stress 128,541 MPa and resistance to impact 6,01 J this combination was chosen to fulfill a goal aimed at the reduction of synthetic fibers.Item Obtención y caracterización de materiales compuestos de fibra de vidrio más resina poliester con inclusión de nanotubos de carbono mediante arco eléctrico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Salazar Chuquiana, Byron Ricardo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThis research is based on the mechanical characterization of composite epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes, different configurations of the reinforcing material and volume fraction to determine the configuration and volume fraction to provide best combination of mechanical properties were taken to then it is compared to traditional materials and thus find a new alternative for a new composite material (carbon nanotubes - polyester composite resin + 3 layers of fiberglass).. Mechanical characterization for tensile tests, bending, hardness and volume fraction best configuration and an adhesion test between fiber and matrix was performed were performed. The tests performed were based on standards of strength (ASTM D3039 / D3039M-00), bending (ASTM D7264 / D7264M - 07 ASTM D 2240-00). Mechanical determination and relevant analysis determined that the material that best behavior present in combination in mechanical properties (Traction - Deflection) was the material composed of 5% of material obtained from carbon nanotubes with 65% matrix and 30% reinforcing and laminated in the following order of reinforcing layers [FV + (RP + NTC) + FV + (RP + NTC) + FV + (RP + NTC)], I improved the maximum tensile stress by 7.8% with respect to the original material and the maximum effort at bending remained within the expected standard deviation at a confidence level of 95%.Item Influencia del cobre en la obtención de fundición nodular para alcanzar el grado 65-45-12 bajo la Norma NTE INEN 2499-2009 en la empresa Fundi Laser(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Naranjo Tirado, Marco Antonio; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe research work was carried out to analyze the influence of copper from 0.01% copper to 0.05% copper and to determine which of these percentages can reach the 60- 45-12 degree of the NTE INEN 2499 standard which determines the range according to its mechanical properties of Tensile Strength, Fluency Limit and Elongation Percentage. The specimens of nodular iron plus copper were made to perform the tensile test under the ASTM E-8 standard, once the mechanical properties were evaluated, it was determined that with the 0.02% copper the grade was reached 60-45- 12. The spectrometry, hardness, microstructure and fractography tests were carried out on the sample with 0.02% copper to observe the characteristics of the material. With the analyzes was obtained a tensile strength of 739.85 MPa, a Fluence Limit of 313.57 MPa, 12.82 Elongation Percentage, a hardness of 202 Brinell, large nodular grain size 100 μm, medium grain of 94.05 μm and small grain of 66.91 μm and when analyzing the fractography a fragile fracture was observed that occurs before or during the moment in which plastic deformation occurs, the fracture occurs in non-crystalline materials and application of very high stresses.Item Análisis de material de aporte en el proceso de soldadura GTAW aplicado en el acero inoxidable martensítico AISI 420 y su influencia en las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Ushiña Yagloa, José Rafael; Patín Manobanda, Gustavo DavidThe present research work is based on the GTAW welding process made in AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel joints with ER 308L and ER 312 filler material. Subsequently, samples were obtained to perform destructive impact tests, hardness, guided bending and traction; whose results have been evaluated in this research work with the purpose of determining the influence of the materials of contribution in the mechanical properties of the welded joints. This research project is based on the AWS code D1.6 "Structural Welding Code Stainless Steel" whose code establishes general provisions for carrying out the welding process in stainless steels. The tests were conducted at the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo in the laboratories of the school of mechanics, for its development was counted with the guidance and advice of the technicians of the different laboratories of materials and tests; as well as equipment was used. The data obtained were tabulated and the best contribution material was selected by means of a suitable analysis in order to determine which has a better influence on the properties of the AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel. At the end of the research project, conclusions and recommendations were obtained based on the results obtained in order to contribute to improve the welding procedures in this type of material that can be applied in the industrial field.Item Caracterización de las partes termoformadas y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas para la fabricación de guardachoques con polipropileno de alto impacto en la Empresa Carrocera Construcciones Mecánicas Albán en la ciudad de Latacunga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Ortíz Naranjo, José Fernando; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe present experimental project was based on the analysis and determination of the mechanical properties of thermoformed pieces of high impact polypropylene, under the variation of the parameters in the thermoforming process; thickness, temperature and vacuum pressure, in order to establish the most suitable parameters of the thermoforming process that provide the best mechanical properties of the thermoformed parts for its application in the manufacture of bumpers. The tensile, bending and impact tests were developed under the standards ASTM D638, ASTM D790 and ASTM D1709 respectively. The specimens were manufactured by subjecting the polypropylene to the vacuum thermoforming process by varying the different parameters of thermoforming, obtaining 8 groups of specimens, and the sizing of the specimens was carried out as established in the standard. From the tests carried out it was possible to determine the mechanical properties, the data were tabulated, proceeding to the selection of the best and optimum combination of the parameters in the thermoforming process, the best combination being a thickness of 4mm, temperature of 200ºC and a pressure vacuum of 50 Psi, presenting good mechanical properties, an acceptable absorption of energy at impact, and in addition to a good distribution of stresses in the material.