Ingeniería Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.ELEMENTOS FINITOS

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    Desarrollo de una aplicación computacional para el análisis de estructuras utilizando elementos finitos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Yugcha Chango, Alex Adrian; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
    This project addresses the growing need for tools that enable the efficient and pedagogical resolution of complex structural problems, given the complexity of current commercial solutions. By facilitating the learning of the finite element method, it aims to promote an understanding of the fundamentals of structural analysis and their application to real-world problems. Additionally, it focuses on offering an interactive experience that fosters the development of skills for solving complex problems in both academic and professional settings. An application was designed using matrix calculation algorithms in Python, complemented by specialized libraries of this programming language to handle matrices, generate visualizations, and produce detailed reports. Validation was carried out through experimental tests and comparisons with specialized software, analyzing practical cases of bar structures, trusses, and frames. Simultaneously, bibliographic references were consulted to support the mathematical formulation and the design of the graphical interface, ensuring that users can understand and replicate the calculations performed by the program. The results obtained demonstrate that the application is capable of accurately calculating stiffness matrices, nodal displacements, and stress diagrams, maintaining a minimal difference compared to results generated by commercial tools. Furthermore, the application offers a unique pedagogical approach, explaining the internal processes of the FEM and providing detailed reports of the structural analysis. In conclusion, this proposal represents an accessible and educational alternative that integrates advanced calculations with an intuitive interface, contributing to both learning and professional practice in structural engineering.
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    Diseño y construcción de una prótesis de mano derecha con amputación de falanges producida mediante impresión 3D
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Coba Ronquillo, Emily Anahí; Guerra Chiquito, Karla Abigail; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The design of a functional 3D printed prosthesis focuses on meeting the specific needs of people with partial amputations of the right hand. To ensure controlled and realistic movement, a four-bar mechanism was implemented, configured in a dual system for the four main fingers and a single mechanism for the thumb, this approach ensures that the prosthesis accurately mimics the natural movements of the human hand, providing a functional and customised solution. Each component of the prototype was developed through a comprehensive process based on position and trajectory calculations including CAD drawing in specialised software, which is based on a graphical synthesis of mechanisms allowing the creation of parts with precise geometries and adjusted to the anatomical characteristics of the user. Subsequently, the design was evaluated by means of finite element simulations through a static analysis under the loads generated in each articulated joint, in which the structural resistance and the correct functioning of the mechanism under different conditions of use were verified. 3D printing, as the main manufacturing method, presented significant advantages in terms of customisation, cost reduction and production times. The selected material, PETG, stood out for its strength, flexibility and durability, essential characteristics to withstand the stresses and repetitive movements of the prototype. This integrated approach combines advanced design and simulation technology with the efficiency of additive manufacturing, achieving a practical, accessible and adaptable device for the end user.
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    Diseño y construcción de una máquina afiladora de cuchillas de widia para la maderera Guambuguete’s de la ciudad de San José de Chimbo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Guambuguete Yauqui, Andrés Isaías; Muisin Martínez, Alex Efraín; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar Iván
    The design and construction of the widia blade sharpening machine for Maderera Guambuguete's arose due to the difficulty of sharpening the blades, the distance from the sharpening machines and the high cost of this process, factors that limited production and reduced efficiency in the daily preparation of wood. The methodology applied employs the documentary research method, as well as field research, with a design approach; while the types of research employed are descriptive, which begins with an analysis of the constituent parts, followed by analytical design, as well as CAD, CAE analysis, and the preparation of plans, continuing with the acquisition of materials, the machining of each part and the assembly of the set. The design began with the determination of the Knoop hardness of 7000 HK, using a 0.4 hp motor and an AISI 1045 steel blade holder, with a diameter of 2” and 600 mm. It includes a 5 mm sliding plate, 4 mm protective box, and a 126 mm power screw. The structure is formed by the base plate, collector, guide plate and 50x6 AL 50x6 stops. A 0.85 hp coolant recirculation pump was selected, with a flow rate of 10 lpm, meeting the required standards; while the safety factors vary between the one calculated and the one given by finite elements with an error percentage ranging from -4 to +20 percent that serves as a reference for the proper execution of the project. With the analyses carried out, using components and materials according to the specifications, the design and construction of the widia blade sharpening machine was achieved and the respective testing was carried out.
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    Análisis de las propiedades de sección transversal de perfiles tipo UV conformados en frío
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) López Espín, Jonathan David; Torrealba Toledo, Kevin Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
    Information on cold-formed structural elements is limited, but has become indispensable in the field of construction, as it allows for improved design and analysis of structures. In the present investigation, a comprehensive analysis of the section properties of 6 and 8 mm thicknesses was carried out. It started with a review of information to understand the behaviour of these profiles, section properties such as inertias, torsional constants and warping constants were calculated using traditional analytical methods. To validate these calculations, a mathematical model based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed, which allowed the behaviour of the cross-sections to be simulated more accurately. Experimental torsion, bending and compression tests were performed to compare the results obtained by analytical calculations and FEM analysis. In the case of the tests to determine the warping constant, technical limitations were faced, such as the lack of a high test machine for compression tests on thicker sections, which led to the use of thinner sections. Finally, the results showed that the FEM provides intermediate predictions between analytical methods and experimental tests, the differences observed in the behaviour of the specimens were discussed, conclusions were drawn on the discrepancy of results between the different methods, and recommendations for future studies were proposed, including the application of heat treatments to the profiles to improve the values obtained in the tests.
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    Diseño y construcción de una plataforma elevadora móvil para un refractómetro queratómetro de 25 kg mediante el uso de software especializado de modelado
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Abril Villalva, Joseph Mateo; Gonzalo Eduardo, López Villacis
    The project carried out seeks to satisfy the creation of a machine specifically in the area of occupational visual health, which adapts to the particular conditions of the work environment, since there are machines on the market with different characteristics that do not support real conditions and they are not affordable. Bibliographical studies were carried out on machines dedicated to the lifting and transfer of loads, with this, the requirements of the interested parties were collected, for this the design was evaluated under a weighted and corrected criterion to begin with the sizing and analytical calculation of the loads that must be support the parts of the platform. The structure was then designed using modeling software to apply finite element analysis to simulate loading and safeguard the integrity and function of the platform. As a result, the platform moves the visual machine to different work spaces, without the need to exert excessive direct forces on the visual equipment, providing a stable surface and adding a lifting system to modulate the height between the patient and the refractometer keratometer.
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    Diseño y construcción de una máquina peletizadora que utilice residuos de madera para la empresa Decor Parquét en la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Ponce Ramos, Bryan Alexis; Viteri Caiza, Jorge Esteban; López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo
    This technical project was developed due to the need to use the waste generated in the construction of wooden furniture made by the company DECOR PARQUÉT to take advantage of the leftover wood that is produced daily. This technical project aims to design and build a pelletizing machine that compacts wood waste into small cylinders known as pellets. In the theoretical foundation, the description, advantages, disadvantages, types, thermal properties, physical properties, mechanical properties and the technical standard UNE - ISO 17225-2: 2021 used to produce wood pellets were analyzed. It also describes the purpose of the equipment, the systems that compose it, its parts, the types of pelletizers, the failures they present and the materials necessary for the construction of the machine. As for the analytical part, the sizing of all the parts, simulations of the critical components of the system and the selection of the materials based on the calculations were determined. Finally, the machine was built using the design represented in the drawings with the necessary corrections to make the model functional, and the respective functional tests were performed.
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    Diseño de una cámara de Sandblasting, para el tratamiento y mantenimiento de tanques bajo normativa ASME en la empresa Induacero CIA. LTDA.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Rodríguez Chicaiza, John Sebastian; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge Patricio
    , This technical project was developed due to the need of having a sandblasting chamber to perform the surface cleaning process of the pressure vessels manufactured by INDUACERO Cia. Ltda. achieving to minimize production times and maintain a contamination free space for the operators. For the respective design of the chamber, physical and mechanical parameters were identified, such as the dimensions of the largest container that should enter the chamber and according to the needs required by the company. As abrasive material was assigned the use of metallic shot for its high efficiency and its capacity of reuse from 700 to 5000 times these abrasive particles are projected at high speed by means of a pressure system against the surface of the container by means of a gun, also was developed a system of recirculation of the abrasive by means of a cyclone type Stairmand of high capacity. The pertinent calculations were made for the design of the chamber with the requested parameters, then an analysis of the results was carried out; finally, the design was made in a finite element software and the plans and the financial study of the project were incorporated, obtaining as a result an efficient chamber in terms of its operation and dimensions required by the company.
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    Análisis electroquímico de una pila de combustible de hidrógeno mediante el método de los volúmenes finitos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-01) Zurita López, Carlos Stalin; Escobar Luna, Luis Eduardo
    This technical project electrochemically analyzes the characteristics of a hydrogen fuel cell (PEM) using the finite element method. The modeled stack presents characteristics of the most commercially used in the industry, it is a single cell stack due to the complexity of the simulation. The pile has an active area of 70 centimeters squared that was modeled in a design program. For the study of the finite element method, the current geometry is simplified by eliminating details such as bolts, screws; leaving only geometry according to where the phenomenon can be observed. The mesh has an excellent rating structure within the Skewness method, which guarantees results. The results of the simulation detail phenomena such as the pressure drop in the channels where the fluid circulates, in addition to the increase in temperature along the stack, a current density is observed at the terminals. For data validation, a polarization curve is made by varying the voltage of the cathode terminal and it is compared with cell curves previously made and put to functional tests. The values between curves are very similar and most are found in a 10 percent relative error value.
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    Diseño de un punzón para corte-troquelado de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con fibras naturales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-06) Acosta Castro, Lucas David; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabian
    In the present project, a punch was designed and built with the purpose of being used in composite materials, in such a way that it was analyzed whether the type of punch configuration, the type of reinforcement fiber and the type of matrix influence the quality of the cut. Four different configurations were used for the study: straight, Wshaped, double shear at 20 degrees and single shear at 30 degrees; which were designed in a CAD with a diameter of 12.7 mm and a height of 70 mm. The study focuses on the simulation through the application of the finite element method in a specialized software where the dynamic behavior of the various types of punch was evaluated and through which six types of composite materials were designed and used for each simulation. In order to validate the simulations carried out, we chose to build the punches with their various secondary components to be evaluated and tested in two composite materials: One made of epoxy resin with jute fiber and the second of polyester resin with jute fiber. Once the punching test was performed, the cuts were evaluated, resulting in a delamination factor at the entrance of 1.046 and at the exit of 1.066; in this way it was analyzed that the W punch is the ideal cutting tool for the application in composite materials.
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    Comportamiento a flexión de conexiones apernadas tipo Brida en estructuras de telecomunicaciones tipo monopolo, empleando el método de elementos finitos y validación con prototipo a escala
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Lagos Zamora, Christian David; Sánchez Guerrero, Johnny Homero; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
    The present investigation is developed in order to identify the main causes of failure in bolted connections type flange used in structures type monopole subjected to bending due to the incidence of wind loads according to the considerations of design and analysis proposed by the Association of the Telecommunications Industry in the TIA-222-G standard. The information was collected through a theoretical-technical review of the functional and service characteristics to which the connections are exposed, using bibliographic resources and field measurements, and the behavior of bending was analyzed using the finite element method. of a structure of 6 sections using solid elements and shell elements in order to verify the proposed analysis methodology. The experimental analysis includes tests to flex the prototype to scale in a test bench. Said test was carried out in ten stages: 1) Analysis of finite element analysis data, 2) Determination of height-displacement relationship, 3) 3D geometric modeling of several prototypes, 4) Finite element testing of prototypes, 5) Analysis of the results of the finite elements test of the prototypes, 6) Selection of the most optimal prototype, 7) Design and construction of the test bench, 8) Experimental tests in the test bench, 9) Taking and recording data of parameters of load and displacement by means of a balance type crane and a comparator clock, 10) comparison of the results obtained by the analysis by finite elements and the physical test. In order to optimize the joints studied, an experimental test was carried out using finite element software, varying the thicknesses and the number of bolts of the joints in the structure of 6 sections and the prototype that allow to elaborate a simplified model by obtaining the characteristics of the behavior and of the equations that make it possible to reproduce the non-linearity present in this type of structure with the help of a software for matrix resolution. Finally, we verified the results obtained by checking the deviation of the results obtained in the metamodel, the experimental tests and the FEA analysis, optimizing the flexural analysis of the flanged joints of monopole structures, reducing the processing time and the computational cost.