Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Análisis del proceso de obtención de un material compuesto de matriz epoxi reforzado con fibra natural y sintética mediante transferencia de resina por infusión al vacío (VARTM)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-08) Pichucho Baez, Oscar Augusto; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe generation of new composite materials that present good mechanical characteristics, for different user needs, is important to improve the production characteristics of local and even national businesses. It should also be taken into account that many times, this change must necessarily be friendly to the environment and generate the greatest amount of product, taking advantage of the minimum necessary resources; this maximizes productions and profits. This paper presents the characterization of the process that must be carried out to generate composite material laminates, with different parameterizations, made based on an epoxy resin matrix, reinforced with natural Chambira fibers, in different directions, and synthetic fiber, purely flat fiberglass fabric, through the Vacuum Infusion process, carried out with a vacuum pump. Bearing in mind that there may be variations in the forming process of said material, as well as in certain punctualities of the conforming elements. Subsequently, the acquired properties of each of the cases were verified, through an analysis of the production times, the weights before and after the forming process and a tensile test, made under the parameters of the ASTM D3039 standard, which provides us with the characteristics that must be analyzed of each tested specimen, this in order to verify the acquired qualities, as well as a possible comparison of the uses that the material may have.Item Influencia de la exposición a la intemperie en la resistencia a la tracción, flexión e impacto de dos materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzados con fibra de abacá y plátano(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-09) Francisco Javier, Oquendo Lazo; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe present experimental work has the determination of analysis the influence of outdoor exposure under ASTM D1435-99 (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, average rainfall and UV radiation), time (zero to six months) angle of exposure (45 degrees) and type of fiber (abaca and banana), in the behavior of the mechanical properties of composite materials. By means of the elaboration of two composite materials made with a polyester matrix and abaca fiber and another of a polyester matrix and banana fiber, the probes with the following dimensions (length, width and thickness) are made for the tensile test 250x25 x4 mm under ASTM D3039-2017, bending specimens 160x13x4 mm under ASTM D7264 and 80x10x4 mm charpy impact specimens under NTE INEN-ISO 179-2 . The first test was carried out at the beginning of the study and the second after six months, the data of the climatological variations and the variations of the weights of the specimens were also recorded. With the help of the data obtained, it was possible to verify that there are variations in the mechanical properties of both materials in the tensile, flexural and impact tests. The results of the study are presented through a statistical and graphic analysis carried out in the experimental work.Item Optimización (Doe-Mezclas) del material híbrido con refuerzos de fibra de abacá, fibra de cabuya y fibra de vidrio de matriz de resina epóxica y su incidencia sobre las propiedades mecánicas a flexión, tracción e impacto(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-08) Torres Mesias, David Esteban; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe following experimental work was aimed at finding new combinations of composite materials conformed of fiberglass (VF), abaca fiber (FA) and cabuya fiber (FC) with epoxy matrix. For this it was used different volumetric mixtures of reinforcements, the same ones that were considered as input parameters in the statistical analysis of mixtures to optimize the mechanical properties of the results of the different treatments. Specimens were made by compression stratification to then test them and obtain data generated by the Tensile tests (ASTM D3039 / D3039M-08), Flexural (ASTM D7264 / D7264M-07), and Impact (ASTM D5628-10, FE geometry), and thus treat them under parametric assumptions developing a reliable analysis. Once the data was established, it was analyzed by means of the design of mixtures; from which, the significance of the p - value located in the mixture regression table was verified, which was inferred for the generation of the optimization of the responses of the mixtures using the minitab software. In experimental work it was possible to establish the volumetric fractions that generated the best mechanical properties of the mixture; fiberglass 0.261 percent, abaca fiber 0.003 percent, cabuya fiber 0.036 percent and epoxy matrix 0.7 percent, fulfilling the foundation of a mixture of always being equal to one.Item Análisis numérico experimental de los componentes del material compuesto alternativo de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibras sintéticas utilizado para la fabricación y reparación de superficies de vuelo en las aeronaves del CIDFAE(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Telenchana Flores, Manuel David; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe study of composite materials allows the use of new technological alternatives for the elaboration of aircraft elements. The analysis of these materials has a great value within the aeronautical field in view that the percentage of elements manufactured with this type of materials has been increasing, because the weight and operating costs of an aircraft are reduced. This research performs the characterization of the composite material of epoxy matrix reinforced with layers of flat fabric of synthetic fibers (carbon, aramid and glass) in different orientations which was achieved by combining manual stratification and vacuum, the compounds were subjected to tensile, bending and impact tests. In addition, a mathematical model is presented which predicts the elastic properties of the material based on a generalization of classical sheet theory. Finally, finite element simulation was used to contrast actual and experimental displacement results. The characterization and analysis of the tests determined that carbon fiber-reinforced compounds possess the best mechanical performance at traction and bending; however, aramid fiber-reinforced compounds have better impact resistance. The analytical method used to calculate elastic properties yielded results where the error percentage is in a range of 1percent-19 percent, while software simulation comparing the offset within the elastic zone yields error percentages not exceeding 0.2 percent.Item Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de una junta sismo resistente utilizando materiales de aporte comercial E7018- AR y E7018-SR sobre un acero ASTM A 36, aplicando el código AWS D1.8-D1.8M(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Ronquillo Bombón, Eduardo Benjamín; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThe present research project has been developed with the fundamental objective of establishing the study of the mechanical properties of welding in a seismically resistant butt joint made of carbon steel ASTM A 36, welded with different types of carbon steel electrodes E7018-AR and E7018-SR, for the purposes of this analysis electrodes of the same commercial brand used nationally have been selected. Subsequently, the specimens were obtained to carry out the destructive tensile and impact tests, which were carried out in the laboratories of the Center of Productive Promotion Metal Mechanic of the H.G.P. Tungurahua, as well as in the laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato to determine the metallographic analysis of the welded joints. After having carried out the required tests we proceeded with their respective analysis and interpretation of the results, coming to determined the best filler material with the best mechanical properties on a resistant seismic joint. Finally, a proposal was made for the elaboration of a welding procedure for said WPS and PQR processes for the welding process with E7018-SR 3/32" diameter electrode with a low preheating temperature, which was the electrode that presented the best mechanical properties at the different service conditions. This research project is based on code AWS D1.8-D1.8M, the which it gives us different general dispositions. For its development we had the advice of teachers of the Technical University of Ambato of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics.Item Dureza, resistencia a la tracción y desgaste en el material sinterizado aluminio 1060 con BABBIT ASTM B 23 ALLOY 2 combinado por aleación mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Gavilanes Jiménez, Daniel Alfonso; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoElectrical cables were collected from the sector of Ambato to obtain the material Aluminum 1060, which was proceeded to grind in the ball mill, as well as Babbit ASTM B 23 Alloy 2 to obtain the powder with a particle size of 45μm - 63μm, which took a duration of 10 hours, taking into account that the area where the crushing was performed is free of impurities and contaminants, to achieve the purity of each case of Aluminum 1060 with Babbit ASTM b23 alloy 2 studied, which have a volumetric fraction (Case 90- 10 = 90% Aluminum 1060 with 10% Babbit ASTM B 23 Alloy 2, Case 80-20 = 80% Aluminum 1060 with 20% Babbit ASTM B 23 Alloy 2, Case 70-30 = 70% Aluminum 1060 with 30% Babbit ASTM B 23 Alloy 2). The compaction of each case was carried out by the cold pressing method with a compaction pressure of 270 MPa, which reached a temperature of 660ºC in the sintering process. In each case, he was exposed to tensile, wear and hardness tests under the corresponding ASTM E 8, ASTM E 10, ASTM G105 standards. The tests show that of the three cases the material of Case 90-10 has the best mechanical properties but the mechanical alloy combination does not improve the wear resistance with respect to the Babbit ASTM B 23 Alloy 2.Item Caraterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con fibra de hoja de Yucca Elephantipes para la determinación de propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Pazmiño Guerrero, Christian Andrés; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present experimental work deals with the elaboration of a new composite material of polyester resin matrix and fiber reinforcement of Yucca Elephantipes leaf, to determine the best mechanical properties that this gives us with the configurations of longitudinal fiber and short fiber in the different fractions volumetric proposals. It was considered to use the leaf of this plant because it is ornamental, it is rich in fiber and many times it is discarded without any use, then with the new composite material it is allowed to use the waste produced and collaborate with the environment. The tests were performed under the requirements of ASTM D3039-15 standards for traction, ASTM D7264-15 for flexure and ASTM D5628-10 for impact. The group of test pieces tested that showed the best mechanical properties was the volumetric fraction of 35% reinforcement and 65% of matrix with longitudinal fiber configuration. The main applications of this material are in the automotive industry for the manufacture of decorative parts for vehicles, for the furniture industry, etc. Their easy manufacture and molding allow them to replace traditional materials.Item Obtención de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster y lana de oveja para evaluar el comportamiento mecánico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Espín Medina, Christian Xavier; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe production of sheep wool is one of the natural resources that are not used at present, its cost is relatively low and friendly to the environment, so in the present experimental project a composite material was developed that is based on a polyester resin matrix and reinforcement configuration of sheep wool, in which two types of volumetric fractions were taken 70% matrix - 30% reinforcement and 60% matrix - 40% reinforcement, two types of configurations were also made of reinforcement: discontinuity to the longitudinal axis and discontinuity to the transverse axis. The manufacturing of the specimens was carried out in a compression steel mold. The tensile and bending tests were carried out in the Metalmecánico Carrocero Productive Production Center and the impact test was carried out in the Materials Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. By means of tensile, bending and impact tests performed on the specimens and under ASTM D3039-00, ASTM D7264-07 and ASTM D5628-10 standards respectively, the composite material that obtained the best mechanical characteristics was determined, being this group 2 the which is composed of 70% polyester matrix and 30% sheep wool, with a configuration of discontinuity to the transverse axis.Item Análisis por el método de elementos finitos de los anclajes de cinturones de seguridad en asientos de autobús interprovincial para verificar su resistencia según la norma NTE INEN 2704 en la empresa Miviltech Soluciones Industriales S. A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Martínez Calderón, Luis Antonio; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis study aims to perform an explicit dynamics finite element analysis of seatbelt anchorages used in interprovincial bus seat structures manufactured by MIVILTECH Industrial Solutions according to evaluation parameters stablished in the Regulation No. 14 of the Economic Commission for Europe referenced in Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 2704. First, It was necessary to collect all the necessary information to develop the topic. The most important data is the evaluation, acceptance and rejection parameters, which depend on the type of vehicle where the seats are used. In this case the seats belong to a M3 category vehicle, in which seat belts whith two and three anchorage points are used. After an adequate measurement, a digital model of the whole seat structure was made, which was simplified and optimized to reduce the analysis computing time. The materials used to buil the structure were identified, these materials are ASTM A500 grade A and ASTM A36 structural steels. Their real properties were obtained from traction and flexion tests. With the real properties of the materials the tests were simulated to obtain a material model with a similar behavior to the real materials. The validity of the material models was evaluated through the comparison of the error percentages from the real and simulated tests. Finally, with all the necessary data, material properties and an adequte digital model, resistance analysis of seat belt anchorages for two and three point seat belts were performed. As a result the current structure manufactured by MIVILTECH Industrial Solutions is not able to resist the tests because the stress and strain levels are higher than the allowed by the materials. Consequently, the structure was modified to perform new analyses; the new structure was able to resist the tests satisfactorily.Item Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con cascarilla de arroz para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Lalaleo Galarza, Edisson Fernando; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThis research is based on the characterization of matrix composite material reinforced polyester rice hull, different types of stratification (manual-compression) and volume fraction in order to obtain the best material containing optimum mechanical properties were taken. The development of the new material was required to perform different mechanical test, specifically Tensile, Bending, Impact and Fractography; which they were indispensable to determine the parameters for assessing characterization of composite material, type of stratification (manual-compression) and volume fractions. The results show that Type B composite of compression lamination has a tensile strength superior to that of gypsum ceiling. In other words, according to the traction tests the gypsum ceiling can be replaced by the Type B composite. The tensile modulus of compressive stratification Type B composite was 7955 MPa, corresponding to a 65% improvement over that of gypsum ceiling.