Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Caracterización mecánica de un material compuesto de resina poliéster reforzada con fibra de bagazo de caña de azúcar para determinar las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Freire Sandoval, Evelin Jazmin; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThe present experimental work refers to the fabrication of a composite material of polymeric matrix (polyester resin) and fiber reinforcement of sugar cane bagasse, with the purpose of diagnosing better mechanical properties that this material provides, two types of configurations have been used such as short longitudinal fiber and randomic fiber with different volumetric fractionation. The cane fiber was used due to its great amount of waste, it has a good elasticity, it is not corrosive as certain synthetic fibers, so with the new compound it would allow different uses. The tests were performed according to ASTM D3039-15 tensile, ASTM D7264-15 flexural and ASTM D5628-10 impact standards. A total of 90 specimens were tested, each one with different percentages and configurations such as the percentage values 8020, 7030, 6040 respectively. For the impact test, the percentage value 6040 of randomic configuration obtained the highest average failure energy with a total average of 0.8396 (J). As a result in the bending test, group 2 concluded that it obtained a percentage value (8020 with randomic configuration) which acquired the best results of maximum stress of 22.15 MPa, in the tensile and flexural test, group 3 with a percentage value of 7030 with a short longitudinal configuration obtained the best modulus of elasticity of 1435 and 1870.4 GPa.Item Selección y construcción de un sistema Vacuum Bagging (envasado al vacío) para el conformado de materiales compuestos en el Laboratorio de Materiales de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Guerrero Villacres, Richard Bernardo; Bustos Tipantasig, Flavio Enrique; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThis project was carried out due to the problem that exists to manufacture higher quality test tubes, with better properties and in less time in the laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato. Looking to improve the laboratories, the construction of the vacuum system was generated, which consists of a pump that absorbs the elements through hoses, with a resin trap in the process to collect the resin and avoid damage to the system, the mold to be used. It is a flat mold to generate test tubes that can be analyzed, on the test tube special layers are mounted such as: peelable fabric, perforated film that helps to spread the resin, absorption blanket that removes excess resin, these special layers are covered With a vacuum bag taped to the sides of the mold with sealing tape, two vacuum valves are inserted connecting the vacuum system between the resin container, the cylinder, and the resin trap. The project concludes with the performance of functional tests for the specimens made with the developed machine.Item Influencia de la exposición a la intemperie en la resistencia a la tracción, flexión e impacto de dos materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzados con fibra de abacá y plátano(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-09) Francisco Javier, Oquendo Lazo; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe present experimental work has the determination of analysis the influence of outdoor exposure under ASTM D1435-99 (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, average rainfall and UV radiation), time (zero to six months) angle of exposure (45 degrees) and type of fiber (abaca and banana), in the behavior of the mechanical properties of composite materials. By means of the elaboration of two composite materials made with a polyester matrix and abaca fiber and another of a polyester matrix and banana fiber, the probes with the following dimensions (length, width and thickness) are made for the tensile test 250x25 x4 mm under ASTM D3039-2017, bending specimens 160x13x4 mm under ASTM D7264 and 80x10x4 mm charpy impact specimens under NTE INEN-ISO 179-2 . The first test was carried out at the beginning of the study and the second after six months, the data of the climatological variations and the variations of the weights of the specimens were also recorded. With the help of the data obtained, it was possible to verify that there are variations in the mechanical properties of both materials in the tensile, flexural and impact tests. The results of the study are presented through a statistical and graphic analysis carried out in the experimental work.Item Optimización (Doe-Mezclas) del material híbrido con refuerzos de fibra de abacá, fibra de cabuya y fibra de vidrio de matriz de resina epóxica y su incidencia sobre las propiedades mecánicas a flexión, tracción e impacto(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-08) Torres Mesias, David Esteban; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe following experimental work was aimed at finding new combinations of composite materials conformed of fiberglass (VF), abaca fiber (FA) and cabuya fiber (FC) with epoxy matrix. For this it was used different volumetric mixtures of reinforcements, the same ones that were considered as input parameters in the statistical analysis of mixtures to optimize the mechanical properties of the results of the different treatments. Specimens were made by compression stratification to then test them and obtain data generated by the Tensile tests (ASTM D3039 / D3039M-08), Flexural (ASTM D7264 / D7264M-07), and Impact (ASTM D5628-10, FE geometry), and thus treat them under parametric assumptions developing a reliable analysis. Once the data was established, it was analyzed by means of the design of mixtures; from which, the significance of the p - value located in the mixture regression table was verified, which was inferred for the generation of the optimization of the responses of the mixtures using the minitab software. In experimental work it was possible to establish the volumetric fractions that generated the best mechanical properties of the mixture; fiberglass 0.261 percent, abaca fiber 0.003 percent, cabuya fiber 0.036 percent and epoxy matrix 0.7 percent, fulfilling the foundation of a mixture of always being equal to one.Item Implementación de los requisitos técnicos que establece la norma NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 17025-2018 con la finalidad de establecer el laboratorio de investigación de la cámara de inflamabilidad vertical de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Vallejo Sánchez, Erik Joel; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe present technical work is based on the creation of a laboratory of vertical flammability tests in the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. This arose from the need of body companies in the province of Tungurahua to standardize their units in compliance with current Ecuadorian regulations. Different methods were used such as the bibliographic, which is based on scientific documents that refer to the application of the NTE INEN-ISO / IEC 17025-2018, in addition to the experimental method with which the tests of the different textile materials were performed used inside the bodies. The first part of the project is about establishing the technical requirements of the standard, in which the most important are: the requirements related to resources, process requirements and management system requirements, where they refer to all the parameters that must be met to establish the Laboratory. The second part tries to create the necessary documentation, this means the procedures, records and instructions that will be handled within the laboratory facilities. All these documents were created impartially and confidentially, which will avoid problems when using them. Finally, the vertical flammability tests were carried out on five textile materials and a composite material, all of these used inside the bodies, to be able to determine the flammability index and to be able to compare their results with those established in the Ecuadorian regulations to see if its use is feasible or not.Item Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz elastomérica reforzado con fibra de cabuya para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Machado Machado, Alvaro Fernando; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe study was conducted out in order to generate technological and scientific benefits to the conformation of new composite materials that have been considered high growth and demand in the global market, considering lighter materials and low manufacturing cost that have equal or superior mechanical and physical properties that will replace the materials that have traditionally been presented in the industry. The experimental work was perform the mechanical characterization of latex matrix composite material reinforced cabuya short fiber with random with random orientation and volumetric fractions of 20% latex-80% fiber of cabuya, 30% latex-70% fiber of cabuya, 45 % latex-55% fiber of cabuya,since compression molds and manual stratification were used for the same. Of the essays carried out, the group of specimens that exhibit the best results in their mechanical properties through the tests under the UNE standard. (UNE - ISO 37, UNE - ISO 7743, UNE - ISO 48). With the analyzes developed by means of the statistical methodology based on the general complete factorial design and the function of desirability, it was determined that the best mechanical characteristics of the composite material to take advantage of, It was composed of fiber length of 1cm and volumetric fraction of 20% Latex - 80% Cabuya, obtaining results for tensile stress of 10,592 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 9,986 MPa and shore hardness D 48,667.Item Análisis del proceso de ranurado y taladrado en el material compuesto de resina plástica reforzada con fibra de vidrio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Silva Gavilanez, Erika Natali; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánIn recent years the use of composite materials in industry has increased, due to its high strength and low weight, for this reason the study of machining processes in composite materials is very important to determine optimum cutting parameters, which allow to obtain a quality machining. In the present study the analysis of cutting parameters was carried out for two important processes such as grooving and drilling in two composite materials: polyester resin matrix reinforced with fiberglass and epoxy resin matrix reinforced with fiberglass, these materials were manufactured by the manual stratification method with a volumetric composition: 70% matrix and 30% reinforcement. For the grooving and drilling process, two exclusive cutting tools were used to machine composite materials, and the DOE experimental method was used, which allowed us to obtain the combinations of cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate), with the which were carried out the machining tests corresponding to each process, in the samples obtained measurements of surface roughness (Ra) and delamination that is defined by a delamination factor (Fd). The results obtained allowed us to define the cutting parameters for grooving and drilling, with which the best surface quality and the lowest delamination of the mechanized composite material were obtained.Item Análisis de la velocidad de combustión y su incidencia en los materiales utilizados en el interior de carrocerías para vehículos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Villena Portero, José Luis; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronIn the present experimental work the flammability index of some of the materials in the construction of bodies is obtained, the process to carry out these tests is found in the ISO 3795 standard, the inflammability index that the materials in the construction in the bodies have a good behavior in front of the fire said materials should help to repel the fire. The ISO 3795 standard establishes the following principles: Composite materials: Interior roof lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin) and Interior side lining (Fiberglass + polyester resin); Textile materials Pranna flexible polyester (seat lining) and Textile based on vinyl (floor lining) and Wood Triplex marine (body floors of mass transport vehicles) The allowed flammability indices are: 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min respectively. The INEN 1668 and 1323 norms indicate what the flammability index is allowed in the construction materials of bodywork interiors. There is no need to comply with the provisions of the regulations.Item Caracterización mecánico de un material compuesto de matriz epóxica reforzado con fibras de polipropileno y su posible aplicación industrial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Toapanta Muyulema, Luis Alfredo; Paredes Robalino, María BelénThe research project was based on the mechanical characterization of the material composed of epoxy resin and polypropylene fiber, with different configurations such as the length of the reinforcement that in this case was used short fiber of 10mm and long fibers of 54mm with random and longitudinal distributions In addition, different volumetric fractions (80-20%, 75-25%, 70-30%) were used, corresponding to the percentage of the matrix and reinforcement, respectively, in order to establish the composite material with the best performance in the traction, bending and impact, for its later application in the industry. Tensile, bending and impact tests were performed under ASTM D3039, ASTM D7464, ASTM D5628, respectively. With the data of the tensile tests a first evaluation was made to determine the materials that pass to the following tests of flexion and impact, the same as the materials of the case 1.- 80% Matrix - 20% Reinforcement, short fiber of polypropylene (10mm), random orientation, case 2.- 80% Matrix - 20% Reinforcement, polypropylene long fiber (54mm), longitudinal orientation, case 3.- 75% Matrix - 25% Reinforcement, polypropylene short fiber (10mm) ), random orientation and case 6.- 70% Matrix - 30% Reinforcement, long polypropylene fiber (54mm), longitudinal orientation. Once the data of the flexion and impact tests were obtained, I made a second evaluation to determine the material with the best behavior present, which in this case was the material of case 6, which determined that this material is the best behavior Mechanical presents.Item Obtención y caracterización de materiales compuestos de fibra de vidrio más resina poliester con inclusión de nanotubos de carbono mediante arco eléctrico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Salazar Chuquiana, Byron Ricardo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThis research is based on the mechanical characterization of composite epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes, different configurations of the reinforcing material and volume fraction to determine the configuration and volume fraction to provide best combination of mechanical properties were taken to then it is compared to traditional materials and thus find a new alternative for a new composite material (carbon nanotubes - polyester composite resin + 3 layers of fiberglass).. Mechanical characterization for tensile tests, bending, hardness and volume fraction best configuration and an adhesion test between fiber and matrix was performed were performed. The tests performed were based on standards of strength (ASTM D3039 / D3039M-00), bending (ASTM D7264 / D7264M - 07 ASTM D 2240-00). Mechanical determination and relevant analysis determined that the material that best behavior present in combination in mechanical properties (Traction - Deflection) was the material composed of 5% of material obtained from carbon nanotubes with 65% matrix and 30% reinforcing and laminated in the following order of reinforcing layers [FV + (RP + NTC) + FV + (RP + NTC) + FV + (RP + NTC)], I improved the maximum tensile stress by 7.8% with respect to the original material and the maximum effort at bending remained within the expected standard deviation at a confidence level of 95%.