Enfermería
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Item PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN(2025-06-17) Amaya Criollo, Lisbeth Estefania; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Intestinal parasitosis represents a public health problem, since they are infections that occur by the ingestion of protozoan cysts, eggs or worm larvae, these are transmitted by the consumption of water or food contaminated with fecal matter, from person to person or from animals to humans, the social factors that influence are poverty, geographic condition, infrastructure of health services, education and lifestyle. Objective: To determine intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative research approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope, with a population of 46 children and adolescents from the Salcedo Canton of the Jardín del Edén Foundation. Information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and coproparasitic examination. Results: Of the total of 46 children and adolescents it was evident that according to the BMI/Age 67.4% were normal and 32.5% with malnutrition (due to deficit and excess), also 82.6% were found with parasitosis, with protozoa predominating 96.5% over helminths 3.5%, of which the greatest predominance was in the female sex 43.5%, the main species found were: Amoeba coli cyst 30.6%, amoeba histolytica 28.3% and giardia lamblia 15.3%. Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents in this research has nothing to do with malnutrition, because some of them had a normal nutritional status and despite that they had parasitosis.Item CONOCIMIENTOS DE HIGIENE PERSONAL DEL LAVADO DE MANOS EN ADOLESCENTES(2025-06-17) Moreta Moreta Nancy Marlene; Mejías De Duarte Marianela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Personal hygiene is a health care practice that includes habits of caring for and cleaning human body parts in order to increase vitality and maintain good health. Objective: To describe the personal hygiene knowledge of handwashing in adolescents in an Ecuadorian community. Methods: The research has a quantitative approach, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive design. The present study was carried out in the province of Tungurahua, Pelileo canton, Chiquicha Centro Parish, during the period MaySeptember 2024. The study population was in early adolescence. A 15- question questionnaire with three possible alternatives was applied. The instrument had a reliability of (KR-20), 0.811. The ethical aspects were met. Results: 53% male and 47% female. It was evident that 54.5% of the adolescents had a medium level of knowledge, after the educational talk 56.1% of the adolescents had a high level. Conclusions: Learning the proper technique and recommended time for handwashing is an effective strategy to reduce illness and limit the proliferation of microorganisms. The incorporation of practical activities and periodic reinforcements could strengthen and maintain the acquired knowledge, promoting a lasting hygiene habit that contributes to the prevention of illnesses in the long term.Item EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA Y ALTERACIONES EMOCIONALES EN ADOLESCENTES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Pushug Pérez, Angellisa; Fernández Soto, Gerardo FernandoIntroduction: Adolescence is a period characterized by physiological, psychological and behavioral changes, which can cause malnutrition with repercussions on the emotional state. Objective: Describe the anthropometric evaluation and emotional alterations in adolescents. Methods: research with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design and cross-sectional. It was carried out in Ecuador, Ambato, during September 2023-February 2024. The population consisted of 49 students from the Intercultural Bilingual Educational Unit of the Province of Chimborazo, aged between 12-14. Anthropometric evaluation and application of structured and validated psychological questionnaires were carried out. Results: There was a predominance in the following variables: in low weight anthropometry: 11 men aged 13.2±1.0, weight 42.5±7.9 kg, height 1.54±0.08 m, BMI 17.6±1.5 kg/m2, waist circumference 69.5±3.7 cm, hip circumference 82.1±5.9 cm and WHR 0.85±0.05. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 showed partially inadequate and inadequate eating habits. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 had a regular and low level of physical activity. In internalizing problems: abnormal emotional symptoms (12.24%) in women aged 13 and in men aged 14. Social withdrawal: borderline level (12.24%) in women aged 12 and in men aged 13. In externalizing: abnormal behavior problems (16.32%) in women aged 12 and 14, normal hyperactivity (16.32%) in women aged 12. On the abnormal prosocial scale (18.36%) in women aged 12 and 14. In the level of depression: 14.29% at 14 years of age in men was mild. In normal weight, adolescents with internalizing problems represented 24.49% in women aged 14 and externalizing problems in underweight adolescents was 20.41% in men aged 14 as well. Conclusions: The highest frequency was evident in adolescents with low weight, abnormal emotional symptoms, borderline social withdrawal, abnormal prosocial scale, normal weight adolescents at 14 years of age, women with internalizing problems, and low weight in men aged 14 with externalizing problems.Item CONOCIMIENTOS Y ACTITUDES SOBRE EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL EN ADOLESCENTES DE UNA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA DE SALCEDO, ECUADOR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-29) Remache Acosta, Erick Adrian; Rojas Conde, Luis GeovannyIntroduction: Assessing adolescents' knowledge and attitudes about sexuality is essential to promote their health and well-being, which requires valuable information about their externalized understanding of sexuality and issues such as anatomy, contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, and healthy relationships. Objective: Identify the knowledge and attitudes regarding sexual education in adolescents Method: A quantitative, non-experimental, crosssectional, descriptive cohort research was conducted to detect the main sexual education needs of 136 high school students from an educational unit in Salcedo, Ecuador. For this purpose, the Sexuality Knowledge Questionnaire and the Adolescent Sexual Attitudes Test were applied. Results: The study found that 56% of the students have a high level of knowledge in sexuality education, while 2% of the adolescents have a low level. At the same time, the study highlights that 20% have negative attitudes, while 80% of adolescents have positive attitudes towards sexuality, reflecting an environment of acceptance. The aim is to level and identify barriers and stigmas that affect sexual behaviors and decisions, as well as to change negative and uninformed attitudes for healthy and respectful behaviors. Conclusion: Assessing this knowledge and attitudes is essential to prevent risks related to adolescent sexual and reproductive health, such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. It also contributes to empowering adolescents to make informed and responsible decisions to achieve wellness in their lives.Item Estrategias para la prevención del embarazo en adolescentes en la comunidad de Patután(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermeria, 2023-09-01) Carvajal Reatiqui, Gabriela Liseth; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz Lic. Mg.This research addresses the issue of early pregnancy and the risk factors associated with its development, taking into account that early pregnancy is the process of pregnancy that occurs during the adolescent stage. Objective: The objective is to determine the strategies for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy in the community of Patután. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional study was designed. The study sample consisted of 100 adolescents from the community of Patután, using the survey as an instrument. Results: Of the adolescents who participated in the study, it was found that there is a higher prevalence of adolescents aged 18 years with 31% of the cases, followed by adolescents aged 19 years with 29% and to a lesser extent, adolescents aged 16 years with 21% and 17 years with 19%. Similarly, there is a higher prevalence of female adolescents, corresponding to 61% (61), followed by 39% (39) corresponding to the male sex. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained in the study, where a significant percentage of adolescents have an erroneous perception about the use, application or administration of contraceptive methods, defining as the main risk factor, in addition to the age of the adolescents, is the level of knowledge they have regarding pregnancy prevention measuresItem Factores que determinan el despertar sexual precoz en adolescentes de 10 a 15 años(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-21) Flores Guerrón, Angélica Patricia; Chipantiza Cordova, Tannia ElizabethAdolescents represent one-third of the world's population, about 777,000 are said to be women who became mothers before 15. In Latin America and the Caribbean, sexual activity is beginning as early as age 11. For Ecuador, the data provided by INEC indicates a different age: 18 years for women and 16 years for men. For this reason, the research aims to analyze the factors that determine early sexual awakening in adolescents between 10 and 15 years all. The applied research was qualitative, cross sectional cohort with a descriptive phenomenological approach, applied to adolescents between 10 to 15 years, using as an instrument a semi-structured interview with a script of 15 questions for the adolescent and 8 questions for the representative, divided in four categories. Reference chain sampling was used, starting with 2 participants up to 14 participants. For the analysis, a table was prepared with the textual data, organizing them into four categories, according to the bibliographic references: social, biological, sexual education and interpersonal relationships; for the subsequent triangulation of information. We conclude that in most of the participants there is the presence of at least one determinant of early sexual awakening, but not in all of them the sexual awakening is evident, except for two cases, in which all the determinants are present.Item Relato de experiencia de cuidador de adolescente con VIH(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Cando Chango, Ximena Alexandra; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy Cristina Dra. Mg.Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by replicating in a wide variety of cells. A caregiver is a person who dedicates their time and effort to helping another person perform the basic activities of life, being a fundamental pillar for their recovery or to cope with an illness. Objective: To describe the experiences of a caregiver of an adolescent with HIV. Materials and methods: Qualitative, exploratory phenomenological research. The method used was Bertaux's biographical method in the life stories mode. The information was collected through interviews that were recorded and transcribed for analysis. The participant was a caregiver of an adolescent with HIV who was asked for his authorization and the signing of the informed consent. Results: The situation of the family of an HIV patient is of great emotional impact conditioned by fears, myths and ignorance that lead to the rejection of the person suffering from it. The caregiver is an important part in understanding and managing the disease. Conclusion: The caregiver and family support are fundamental pillars in the care of a person suffering from a disease such as HIV.