Fisioterapia
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Item ACTIVIDAD ES RECREATIVAS DE MESA PARA MEJORAR LA MOTRICIDAD FINA Y GRUESA EN PACIENTES GERIÁTRICOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-28) Venegas Cedeño, Marco Vinicio; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierFine motor skills deteriorate due to different factors such as poor motor-o cu l o coordination, degeneration of the central nervous system. The objective of this research project was to evaluate the impact of a physiotherapeu t i c intervention using board games to improve fine and gross motor skills in geriatr i c adults. The assessments were applied to the 17 geriatric adults with a duration of 10 minutes in each person. The Purdue Pegboard test was used to carry out the assessment to determine the fine and gross motor skills of the upper limb, the Mini-Mental test was used to exclude people with dementia, the 6-minute walk test helped to evaluate the physical condition of the geriatric people, and the Lawton and Brody test was used to identify the level of activities of daily living performed by the older adults and, thus, to know how all these factors affect motor skills. The exercises were performed twice a week for 6 weeks. There was a predominance of the female sex with 58.80% over the male sex. The results indicated that there were significant improvements under the application of the intervention, data that was corroborated by the Sperman test p=0.95.Once the intervention was completed, it became evident that play therapy as a physiotherapeutic treatment helps to improve fine and gross motor skills in geriatr i c adults.Item Alteraciones a largo plazo en la vía aérea superior producto de una traqueostomía tardía a causa del Covid- 19: un enfoque desde la fisioterapia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2023-10-03) Andocilla Miranda, Andrés Sebastián; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierDuring the pandemic caused by COVID-19, what is the highest rate of episodes of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in critical areas, with prolonged periods of hospitalization, was recorded so far. Minimize contagion as far as possible, rejecting strategies that shorten the days on mechanical vent ilation. Tracheostomy is appreciated for reducing the time of mechanical ventilation, favoring weaning, lowering the mortality rate and avoiding injuries to the upper airway. However, few care centers were able to generate strategies that promote early dec oupling between the patient and the ventilator. This fact could explain the appearance of pathological signs such as chordal dysplasia, stenosis, granulomas, and dysphagia that alter the phonation, swallowing, and respiratory processes. Aspects such as a brief and timely diagnosis, generation of physiotherapeutic strategies that have been validated, with favorable repercussions and together with a multidisciplinary team specialized in dealing with this problem could address this population and prevent these sequelae from becoming a red flag for the health system. We present a brief description of what is documented to date on the repercussions of the airway in post-COVID-19 patients.Item APLICACIÓN DE LA PRUEBA DE PROVOCACIÓN BRONQUIAL CON EJERCICIO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES(2025-02-27) Ramos Meneses, Jonathan Jeziel; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaAsthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases in childhood and adolescence. It is characterized by inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity, which trigger bronchoconstriction and airway obstructions. This condition represents a significant public health issue due to its impact on emergency services, hospitalizations, and school absenteeism. In Ecuador, previous studies have revealed a prevalence of asthma symptoms in adolescents but a low rate of diagnosis, suggesting possible underdiagnosis and insufficient control of the condition. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common manifestation in patients with uncontrolled asthma and can be assessed through provocation tests, such as the Exercise-Induced Bronchial Provocation Test (EIBPT). This study aims to evaluate the bronchial response to the EIBPT in Ecuadorian children and adolescents to contribute to a better understanding of asthma in this population. This non-experimental, descriptive, observational study was conducted on 25 students aged 8 to 17 years without a prior asthma diagnosis. Participants underwent the EIBPT on a treadmill. The criterion for a positive result was set at a decrease in VEF1 %, observed in only 4% of the 25 participants. The low prevalence of EIB in this sample suggests that, in Ecuadorian children and adolescents without a prior asthma diagnosis, exercise does not induce significant bronchoconstriction, ruling out the existence of an asthma underdiagnosis.Item COMPOSICIÓN AMBIENTAL COMO DETERMINANTE EN LA DISMINUCIÓN DE LA FUNCIÓN PULMONAR(2025-02-26) Soria Arcos, Jinson Enrique; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaThe following research study was conducted in order to determine whether the levels of environmental pollution are a determinant in lung decline, the study methodology was a quasi-experimental design, cross-sectional type with a quantitative approach, using three assessments, the Air Quality Monitor device that measures the level of pollution components carbon dioxide (CO2), chemical gases (HCHO and TVOC) and particulate matter (PM), the SP10 Spirometer device to assess pulmonary function and the ATSDLD-78 Pulmonary Questionnaire to identify respiratory symptoms, such as respiratory symptoms, Chemical gases (HCHO and TVOC) and particulate matter (PM), the SP10 Spirometer device to evaluate pulmonary function and the ATS-DLD-78 pulmonary questionnaire to identify respiratory symptoms, these evaluations were submitted to 32 people inside the Aldas Tannery in their respective areas and functions. Among the environmental results, it was found that in the Rivera and Terminado areas the contamination levels exceeded the established range, while in the other areas they presented low and normal levels. In the spirometric results, real percentages were obtained above the predicted percentage in the tiffeneau index (FEV/FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the lower limit of normality (LIN), obtaining normal values for most of the cases. Regarding the results of the questionnaire, the following were identified low levels of respiratory symptomatology. It is concluded that the correlation of the values obtained in the three evaluations does not influence as a determinant in pulmonary decline.Item EFICACIA DE LAS DIFERENTES MODALIDADES DE EJERCICIO EN PACIENTES CON DISPOSITIVOS CARDÍACOS IMPLANTABLES: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-28) Carrión Moreno, Katheryn Alexandra; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierIntroduction: heart failure is one of the most prevalent diseases, generally manage d through a medical-surgical approach with the placement of implantable cardia c devices (ICDs). Cardiac rehabilitation in these patients involves various physica l exercises that focus on improving quality of life. This study aimed to gather information to determine the exercise modality with the best short-term clinica l outcomes, that are also appropriate to patients with ICDs. Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted by searching for clinica l studies in the Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases from 2019 to March 2024. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were employed, and the search followed PRISMA guidelines. Results: ten Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) were identified; one trial addresse d patients with pacemakers (PM), one study included subjects with implanta b l e cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), three trials focused on patients with cardia c resynchronization therapy (CRT), three studies involved subjects with both ICD and CRT, and two trials included patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). A total of 379 subjects participated, of which 291 were in the exercise intervention group. Four exercise modalities were found: interval aerobic, moderate continuous, combin e d (resistance and strength), and High-intensity interval training (HIIT). Conclusions: combined resistance and strength training was determined as the modality with the best short-term clinical outcomes for patients with implantable cardiac devices.Item EXPOSICIÓN A LA FIBRA DE ALGODÓN Y SU IMPACTO SOBRE LA FUNCIÓN PULMONAR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-03-18) Pérez Miranda, Gilda Fernanda; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierRespiratory pathologies associated with the work environment, such as in the field of clothing manufacturing, are conditioned by the pollution load given by the aforementioned cotton dust, an agent that can impair lung function. This paper aims to describe the relationship between exposure to cotton dust and lung function. Methods: A descriptive, observational, non-probabilistic sampling study involving 53 workers in the textile sector from all areas with the same workload. Spirometry was performed to assess lung function, and respiratory symptoms were collected using the standardized questionnaire of the American Thoracic Society. The data were analyzed and subjected to descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 27 men (50.9%) and 26 women (49.1%) participated with a mean age of 36.49 (SD±8.37) distributed in areas of assembly (73.5%), cutting (18.8%) and quality control (7.5%). The mean spirometry indices were 3.32 liters (SD±0.74) for forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) 3.82 liters (SD±0.59) and FEV1/FVC ratio 86.50 (SD±10.76). Conclusions: It is mentioned that there is a relationship between cotton dust and a decrease in lung function related to the time of exposure measured in years of work in people who work in the manufacture of clothing whose raw material is denim fabric, decreasing the values for FEV1 along with the FEV1/FVC ratio.Item FISIOTERAPIA RESPIRATORIA DE RUTINA EN EL POSTOPERATORIO DE CIRUGÍAS ONCOLÓGICAS TORÁCICAS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-27) Galarraga Bustamante, Abigail Esther; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierThe objective of this review article was to know the current scientific evidence through a bibliographic review on routine respiratory physiotherapy in the postoperative period of thoracic oncological surgeries; For this purpose, a documentary review of scientific articles was carried out in the different search engines used such as: Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science , Springerlink and Cochrane library, published less than 5 years old and being selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PRISMA method and evaluated by the PEDro scale. In total, 100 articles were found, of which only 7 were analyzed. Results: In the 7 articl es analyzed, it was found that respiratory physiotherapy has had a favorable impact on improvem ents in the respiratory health of patients. after thoracic oncological operations by increasing the respiratory rate during chest expansion and oxygen saturation through techniq u es such as diaphragm atic breathing, respiratory exercises, breathing with pursed lips, deep breathing, increased ventilation of the alveoli, increases strength in the respiratory muscles , thereby improving lung ventilation, increasing functional residual capacity (FRC) and expanding inhalation, respiratory effort is more easily controlled, reduces cough, expectora ti o n and sensation of dyspnea, improves quality of life and the ability to carry out daily activities. It is concluded that the implementation of a postoperative rehabilitation program that includ es respiratory physiotherapy along with physical exercise would be beneficial for postoperat i v e rib cage oncology patients.Item ÍNDICE DE DISFAGIA SARCOPÉNICA EN ADULTOS MAYORES INSTITUCIONALIZADOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-03-18) Ortiz Jácome, Ana María; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierThis study focused on identifying the incidence of sarcopenic dysphagia in institutionalized elderly adults. The specific objectives included evaluating the degree of sarcopenia through grip strength tests, applying the EAT-10 questionnaire and the volume-viscosity clinical exploration method to determine the presence of dysphagia, and relating dysphagia with sarcopenia in this population. A cross-sectional qualitative-quantitative approach was used, applying the EAT-10 questionnaire, the volume-viscosity clinical exploration method, and manual grip strength tests. The research was conducted in two institutions for the elderly in Tungurahua, Ambato. It included 62 participants aged 65 to 90 years, excluding those with hearing difficulties, senile dementia, and those who did not understand verbal commands. The research revealed a high incidence of sarcopenic dysphagia. Most participants did not report problems in the EAT-10 questionnaire; however, the volumeviscosity clinical exploration method showed that 46 elderly adults presented signs of inefficiency and danger in swallowing. Regarding sarcopenia, 49 elderly adults classified low in manual grip strength, including 19 men and 30 women. It was concluded that there is a high prevalence of sarcopenic dysphagia in institutionalized elderly adults. Although the EAT-10 questionnaire did not indicate significant problems, the volume-viscosity clinical exploration method suggested otherwise. In addition, a significant correlation between dysphagia and sarcopenia was observed, evidenced by the low grip strength in most of the participants.Item Oximetría de pulso nocturna para la identificación del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2023-10-03) García Tapia, Lizbeth Alexandra; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierAOS is characterized by complete or partial pauses in breathing during sleep triggering apneas, nocturnal pulse oximetry is a noninvasive and painless test that measures blood oxygen saturation levels while the STOP-Bang test is a questionnaire of questions and measures the risk of AOS. This research project aimed to analyze nocturnal pulse oximetry for the identification of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The research was descriptive observational, cross-sectional and quali-quantitative. The STOP-Bang test and nocturnal pulse oximetry were applied during a minimum of 3 hours of sleep and a maximum of 8 hours. The results showed that nocturnal pulse oximetry and the STOP-Bang test maintained a positive correlation of p=0.210, that is, AOS was satisfactorily identified. In conclusion, nocturnal pulse oximetry and the STOP-Bang test are economical and reliable tools that can be used in cardiorespiratory physiotherapy to diagnose and treat AOS early, thus avoiding serious cardiorespiratory diseases.Item PLAN DE EJERCICIOS DE MOVILIDAD ARTICULAR EN TREN SUPERIOR PARA LA LIMITACIÓN FUNCIONAL EN PACIENTES POST MASTECTOMIA(2025-02-27) Lagua Saant, Evelyn Dayana; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaBreast cancer (BC) is a malignant neoplasm, that is, the abnormal growth of cells causing a tumor, which appears as a lump in the armpit or breast and in most cases is usually painless. Globally, BC has more than 2.26 million registered cases, becoming the main cancer mortality rate among women. For this reason, the present project aimed to develop a plan of joint mobility exercises in the upper body for functional limitation in post-mastectomy patients. The research was framed in a nonexperimental, prospective and longitudinal analytical design because a pre-and-post physiotherapy intervention evaluation was carried out on the participants. The population was selected by a convenience sample, being a total of 25 participants with unilateral mastectomy from the Solca Núcleo Tungurahua Hospital. The ranges of mobility (ROM) such as flexion, extension and abduction were evaluated with the goniometer and strength with a digital dynamometer. For functional disability, the DASH Scale questionnaire was used. The results showed a difference in the ranges of mobility and manual strength with a positive statistical significance after the intervention. Regarding the values obtained in DASH, a positive significance level of (p <0.000) was obtained post-intervention. This demonstrated that early comprehensive therapy in post-mastectomy women improves joint mobility, strength and decreases the level of disability of the affected limb.Item Presión muscular inspiratoria y su relación con la resistencia isométrica lumbar en futbolistas profesionales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-03-15) Cepeda Caicedo, Genesis Lucia; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierIn the field of footbal a discipline that addresses physical, technical, tactical and psychological aspects, performance has become a complex science, the search for Athletic excellence focuses on cardiovascular resistance and muscular strength, highlighting the importance of factors such as respiratory efficiency during matches. The study aimed to correlate máximum inspiratory pressure and lumbar resistance in prefessional soccer players. In this descriptive correlational research, the relationship between PImax and lumbar resistance in players from Chacaritas Club was explored. The sample included adults aged 19 to 35 years with no history of repiratory problems or back injuries in the previous six months. PImax measurement was carried out with a hand-held pimometer, lumbar resistance was evaluated using the Sorensen test, with statiscal análisis carried out using SPSS versión 22.0. The results of 56 soccer players revealed an average PImax of 98,69 cmH2O and an average time in the Sorensen test of 79,68 seconds. The análisis of variance (ANOVA) did not show significant differences in PImax or lumbar resistance between the groups of soccer players, indicating that variability is not attributed to differences in the study. These findings hihlight the complexity of the relationship between respiratory capacity and lumbar resistance in the specific context of profesional football.Item PROGRAMACIÓN DE LA ELECTROESTIMULACIÓN TRANSCUTÁNEA EN DEBILIDAD DIAFRAGMÁTICA INDUCIDA POR VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-27) Sangoquiza Chicaiza, Elizabeth Patricia; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierIntroduction: Diaphragmatic weakness caused by mechanical ventilat i o n includes many different alterations derived from the muscle inactivity during this process. Structurally, the diaphragm undergoes atrophy due to its lack of use. One of the relevant treatments used to aid this muscle’s strengthening is the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) which consists of the superficial application of an electrical current . Objective: To stablish the programming for transcutane ou s electrostimulation on mechanical ventilation induced diaphragma t i c weaknees. Materials and methods: An exhaustive systematic review of the scientific literature. The data compilation was performed though scientif i c database, including: Pubmed, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The informat i o n was evaluated using the PRISMA method, within the last 5 years. Results: The results pointed that a two-phase symmetrical stimulation was the predominant pattern. With a stimulation frequency between 30 Hz to 50 Hz, which proved to be effective and beneficial. The electrical pulse duratio n varied between 200 to 400 microseconds, showing a favorable effect with therapeutic properties. Conclusions: The use of TENS improves the functional capacity of the diaphragm significantly.Item Relación de la fuerza de agarre con el flujo espiratorio máximo en estudiantes universitarios(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2023-10-03) Guanoquiza Oña, Luis Humberto; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierThe grip strength with the maximum expiratory flow are two variables that indicate and predict pathologies of the musculoskeletal system as well as the cardiorespiratory system, when these values are decreased they are conclusive of a clinical pathology. Objective: Determine the relationship between AF and PEF among university students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. Methods: A cross-correlational study was carried out, where students from different careers of the Faculty of Health were included, aged between 20 to 25 years and of both sexes, students with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, smokers, with musculoskeletal injuries, gingivitis, caries or oral mucosa lesions. The following variables were recorded: sex, age, weight, height, grip strength, and maximum expiratory flow. Results: A different grip FA was found between both sexes and a similar PEF between men and women with a p value>0.05, so it is assumed that there is a connection between variables, that is, a directly proportional relationship, while the one increases the other equally. Conclusions: The FA and FEM measurements in young people are related to several studies, what varies is the grip strength of men in women where there was no significant difference in men, the main determinants for a good connection between the two variables are age, height, weight and sex, we believe that this relationship can be useful as a reference value for monitoring and diagnosis of pathologies.Item VALORES DE REFERENCIA DEL SHUTTLE WALKING TEST EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES ECUATORIANOS(2025-02-26) Muñoz Benitez, Joselyn Michelle; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaThe aim of this study was to establish reference values for the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT) in Ecuadorian children and adolescents. The study sample included 294 children and adolescents, with an almost equal distribution between genders (50.7% males and 49.3% females), between 8 and 17 years old, from the city of Ambato, Ecuador. Previous equations (Lanza, Vardhan, and Pinho) were used to predict the distance covered in the ISWT, comparing the results obtained with the predicted values. During the ISWT the participants exceeded the distances predicted by the Lanza and Vardhan equations, although the Pinho equation showed a negative difference in prediction. Statistical analysis indicated that gender did not significantly influence the distances predicted by the Vardhan equation, but did influence the Lanza and Pinho equations. In addition, the Vardhan equation was the most accurate, with 98% of participants exceeding the predicted distance, while the Pinho equation presented greater discrepancies, with only 44.9% exceeding. The study highlighted that the reference equations used in other populations do not accurately predict the distance traveled in the ISWT for the Ecuadorian population. It was concluded that it is essential to develop local reference equations for children and adolescents in Ecuador, which will provide an assessment framework adapted to the specific characteristics of this population.Item VALORES ESPIROMETRICOS ESTIMADOS MEDIDOS POR ENVERGADURA Y TALLIMETRIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-03-18) Montero Merino, Zenaida Milena; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierThe research focuses on determining estimated spirometric values measured by wingspan and height measurement in addition to analyzing the variability that may or may not exist between these two variables. The study population was 43 older adult participants between the ages of 65 and 90; data was collected on weight, height, sex, age, and wingspan. The evaluation of lung function was carried out through a spirometric examination and the parameters of FEV1, FVC, and Tiffeneau Index were analyzed. The project design is prospective-transversal with a non-experimental-analyticalrelational quantitative approach. A single evaluation was made that yielded numerical and categorical values that were analyzed with the Chi-square statistical test. Spirometric values were obtained for both height and wingspan. The statistical analysis yielded a result of p 0.000, indicating perfect agreement between the variables studied, supporting the true hypothesis of the research where it is mentioned that there is no variability between the values. In conclusion, the use of wingspan would be the most appropriate alternative to height for the analysis of lung function.Item VARIACIÓN DE LA FUNCIÓN PULMONAR EN RESIDENTES ALTOANDINOS(2025-02-26) Herrera Quintana, Jose Armando; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaIntroduction: Lung function in residents of high Andean areas is influenced by physiological adaptations to chronic hypoxia, such as increased hemoglobin concentration, which can affect the interpretation of spirometric tests and complicate the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Objective: To analyze the variation of lung function in residents of high Andean areas at more than 2,500 meters above sea level. Materials and methods: The study adopted a quantitative and cross-sectional approach, using a spirometer to measure parameters such as Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), complemented by a standard American Thoracic Society (ATS) questionnaire to assess respiratory symptoms, and applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the validity of the results. Results: The study population included 24 participants, of which 41% were men and 58% women, with an average age of 30.46 years. Men had higher values in lung function compared to women, with real means of 92.70 vs. 89.47 in FEV₁/FVC, 4.80 vs. 2.86 liters in FEV₁ and 5.19 vs. 3.21 liters in FVC, while the prediction percentages were similar between sexes. Spearman's correlation analyses between altitude and pulmonary variables showed no significant associations, with weak correlations and p-values greater than 0.05, indicating that altitude did not have a notable impact on the lung function of this sample. Conclusions: Spearman's correlation analysis between altitude and lung function showed that no correlation was statistically significant (all p-values greater than 0.