Trabajo Social
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Item Liderazgo directivo y satisfacción de las necesidades prioritarias de los adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2025-05-01) Pilco Chango, Washington Javier; Ortiz Díaz, MarceloThis research aimed to determine the relationship between managerial leadership and the satisfaction of the priority needs of older adults in a foundation. The results revealed that the satisfaction of the needs of older adults is positively correlated with authoritarian and democratic leadership styles, with authoritarian leadership showing the most significant correlation (r = 0.378, p = 0.001). This finding suggests that a structured leadership style, which offers clarity and stability in management, contributes significantly to the well-being of older adults. On the other hand, democratic leadership also showed a positive relationship, although more moderate (r = 0.246, p = 0.037), indicating that participatory approaches can favor satisfaction, especially when older adults are included in decision-making. Liberal leadership, on the other hand, did not present a significant correlation, suggesting that excessive flexibility and autonomy in management are not ideal for this group, since older adults require clearer and more structured direction. This study highlights the importance of leadership styles in caring for older adults, highlighting that more authoritarian and democratic models can improve the management of their needs. Furthermore, the results are complemented by previous research that highlights deficiencies in the implementation of public policies and the lack of accessibility in health services for older adults, which highlights the need for efficient directive leadership. It is recommended to strengthen leadership training to improve the care and satisfaction of this vulnerable group. Likewise, collaboration between different institutions must be encouraged to design more effective public policies in the care of older adults.Item El Trabajo Social y el envejecimiento saludable en adultos mayores(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2024-10) Aguirre León, Johanna Estefania; Naranjo Ruiz, Viviana FidenciaThe research called, social work and healthy aging in older adults is developed in four chapters, the first chapter presents an absolute review of the literature on healthy aging, social work and their interrelation, here concepts such as active aging are addressed. , quality of life in old age, factors that influence the well-being of older people and the role of social work in promoting healthy aging. Chapter 2, regarding the methodological framework, describes the methodology used to carry out the research, details the type of study, the target population, the data collection instruments and the data analysis procedure, chapter 3 describes the results and discussion of the research, includes findings on the factors that contribute to healthy aging in older adults and the role of social work in promoting these factors, the results are discussed in the context of the theoretical framework and implications for practice are highlighted of social work. In addition, Chapter 4 includes the main conclusions and recommendations of the research, makes recommendations for social work practice, public policy and future research, emphasizing the importance of social work in promoting healthy aging and suggests strategies for strengthen the intervention of social work in this area.Item El uso de dispositivos móviles en la terapia ocupacional con adultos mayores(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2024-08) Herrera Córdova, Liliana Maribel; Chiliquinga Vejar, Lorena del CarmenOccupational therapy has a fundamental role in the limitations that harm the physical, social and emotional needs in priority care groups, therefore, occupational therapy is a treatment that maintains motor and cognitive skills, allowing them to continue participating. . in activities. The techniques or tools used are the use of teaching materials, crafts, dance therapy are activities that allow working on all the physical and mental skills of older adults, however, in this study new activities were implemented to include the use of devices. mobile phones so that older adults are not left behind or isolated in the digital world. The objective of the research is to analyze the use of mobile devices in occupational therapy with older adults. The study is mixed in nature. The quantitative part was worked with two groups from the Bolívar and Benítez parishes, with a total of 40 older adults belonging to the canton of San Pedro de Pelileo and qualitatively, 10 older adults were interviewed to obtain in-depth information. The levels used were descriptive, correlational, and exploratory, each with its own synthetic, inductive-deductive and systematization analytical methods. The instrument applied was self-developed and consists of 6 sociodemographic questions and a bank of 12 questions divided into 5 sections that measure the level of satisfaction, participation, emotional and perception of occupational therapy. In addition, an interview of 3 questions was carried out with 10 older adults and 3 questions with the educators. For the interrelation of data, a semantic map was developed that consists of the triangulation of results which provides a clearer vision of the before and after. of use. of mobile devices in older adults. Although emotional and economic barriers influenced the adoption and continuity of the use of technology in activities. The results showed that the use of mobile devices and interactive applications can help keep the mind active and improve the quality of life of older adultsItem Edadismo y desempeño laboral en docentes universitarios(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2023-09) Salas Tipán, Luis Fernando; Altamirano Altamirano, Silvia JovannaAgeism is a social issue that is present all over the world, it refers to the discrimination that a person may suffer regarding his or her age, where the most affected are the elderly. This issue has always prevailed in society and lately, a term has been coined to describe this problem "ageism". Work performance is a fundamental pillar to meet the objectives previously set within organizations. The general objective of this research is to determine the influence that ageism has on older adult teachers’ work performance working at Universidad Técnica de Ambato. The research has a quantitative approach, is descriptive and correlational, with a sample of 45 older adult teachers. For the execution of the research, a quantitative approach methodology was used based on two instruments. CENVE was used for the negative stereotypes, which consists of three dimensions "Health", "Motivational-Social-Occupational" and "Character-Personality" EVADEST was used to measure work performance, consisting of six dimensions: "Work Knowledge", "Work Quality", "Responsibility", "Productivity", "Ability and Dexterity" and "Attitude towards the Company", with a total of 25 items. Each of the instruments applied to the teachers has a reliability and validity test previously carried out by experts in the area, by means of which the level of negative stereotypes and the level of the older adult teachers’ work performance currently present are determined.Item Uso de redes sociales tecnológicas y relaciones familiares en adultos mayores(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2023-03) Cunalata Altamirano, Dayana Monserrath; Chiliquinga Vejar, Lorena del CarmenSocial networks have contributed positively to affective and emotional ties in the majority of older adults, however, there is a small part of older adults who maintain an isolated experience because it is difficult for them to maintain social and family connectivity. Taking these factors into account, it is evident that older adults are integrating into these new technologies in order to maintain good family ties, to interact and maintain good communication with distant relatives. In this work we carry out several investigations to understand the acceptance of the use of social networks by the population of older adults and thus know what their motivations are, level of family relationships, fears and/or difficulties. The research is descriptive and correlational, with a sample of 183 older adults, its objective is to determine the influence of the use of technological social networks and family relationships in older adults of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security of the Active Aging Program of the Ambato canton. For the execution of the investigation, a methodology was improved with a quantitative approach based on an instrument made up of three sections, the first section consisted of 14 elements, the second section 5 elements, the third section technological means and the fourth section digital communication. In which only the third and fourth sections were designed, which were validated by experts. From the research analyzed on older adults, important aspects to be evaluated were identified to maintain a better relationship and communication with social networks by older adultsItem La Tanatología en la Espiritualidad de los Adultos Mayores(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2023-03) Velastegui Zurita, Bryan Benjamín; Pino Loza, Eulalia DoloresThanatology is a science that deals with the study of what death means to a person, it accompanies people in mourning processes, especially older adults so that their physical end ishappy and dignified as every human being deserves to have, this science deepened by Dr. Elizabeth Kübler Ross has a great relationship with spirituality in human beings, this term is social theory has not been very deepened so Dr. Elizabeth Kübler Ross does not allow to have a deep approach to the most intimidating thing in human beings. Elizabeth Kübler Ross has a great relationship with the spirituality in the human being, this term is social theory has not been very deepened by which, Dr. Elizabeth does not allow to have a deep approach to the most intimate of the human being accompanying for more than 20 years to people in the process of death, and gives to know the components of the spirit and its process after the death of a person. The fields of application in thanatology will lead us to the fact that every person who is going through difficult times, can face life with knowledge, love and will as Dr. Danesh, who is a medico-physician, mentions. Danesh, who is a doctor in charge of writing the book "The psychology of spirituality", which gives us light and relationships in this internal contact with the human being" among what thanatology can do in a person is the persistence of the significant relationships of the sick or older adults, acceptance of pain, relief of conflicts, hope of the patient seen as an opportunity, understanding of what the sick person suffers, This theme allows us to dream of a transformation of the human being and therefore of society, giving theperson the place, understanding and truth that each one has and has not discovered, in social work it will allow us to carry out a more satisfactory work and will make the career itself growas one of the most important in the world since we are faced with a destroyed society that lacksthe basic component to live which is a full life, and for that to happen we must find a meaningItem Relaciones Sociales e Interpersonales en personas adultas mayores con discapacidad(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2023-03) Bustos López, Mishel Fernanda; Pino Loza, Eulalia DoloresBustos López, M and Pino, E (2023). "SOCIAL AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES". Technical University of Ambato. Ambato, Ecuador. The objective of this research work was to determine the influence of social and interpersonal relationships in adults with disabilities. It was carried out under a Mixed Approach, with Exploratory, Descriptive and Correlational Research levels, Analytical and Inductive Methods and by Field and bibliographic place. The survey was used as a data collection technique, for which a 50-item test distributed in 6 dimensions (social and interpersonal relationships) and a 10-item questionnaire (informative data on disability) were designed and implemented, which were carried out with 35 partners (15 M and 20 F). It was determined that Social and Interpersonal Relationships play a fundamental role in the life of all people, older adults with disabilities have a deficit in most social skills especially in those related to advanced skills, social skills to be able to integrate or participate, even in skills related to feelings to relate to others. Therefore, the absence of information and knowledge on the part of public and private institutions, regarding compliance with the ROL, in establishing the respective discount, is represented by 60%. In the same line, it is significant that 31% do not create cultural programs to strengthen their sense of belonging to the group, and it is also supported by 40% that people with disabilities have suffered some kind of discrimination. Finally, a comparative table was made, where it was found that the obstacles that older adults with disabilities have to face in their daily life, where the valuation and anticipated judgments based on tradition and stereotypes, cause a superficial estimation of people that only leads to discrimination and exclusion of them.Item La viudez en adultos mayores(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2023-03) Freire Núñez, María Belén; Balseca Basantes, Jeanneth ElizabethWidowhood in older people is a painful event characterized by grief or bereavement, loneliness, loss of companionship and changes in daily organization; the process of coping with widowhood was studied through four dimensions: couple relationship, behavioral coping, cognitive coping and affective coping. The aim of this research was to determine the processes of coping with widowhood in older adults of the Pilahuin parish of the Ambato canton. The population consisted of a total of 20 widowed older adults, 10 women and 10 men, in which a qualitative approach methodology was used; the technique applied was the semi-structured interview, based on the construction of a 15-question instrument, validated through the judgment criteria of four experts; In order to investigate the mentioned dimensions, a semantic network was elaborated that made possible the analysis and synthesis of the information through the matrix of experiences, where it was determined that the coping process for older adults involves a series of emotional, social and family changes as well as changes in their daily life. In addition, a proposal for individual, family, group and community intervention was made with the objective of contributing to the process of coping with widowhood, to improve intergenerational coexistence, strengthen social support networks, the use of free time and the process of coping with griefItem Relaciones de pareja en adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato,Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo social, 2022-09) Granda Ruilova, Yalixza Lisbeth; Balseca Basantes, Jeanneth ElizabethCouple relationships in older adults is a system of interaction fostered by the culture of support and respect, which provides stability through the intervention of dimensions such as marital satisfaction, communication, intimacy, passion, commitment, respect and feeling of responsibility. The objective of the study was to characterize couple relationships in older adults of the San Antonio de Pasa Parish. The population consisted of 20 elderly couples. A qualitative approach methodology was used, the technique applied was the semi-structured interview, based on the construction of an instrument of 17 questions, validated through the judgment criteria of five experts, consisting of 6 dimensions mentioned above, to investigate the dimensions the matrix method of relationships between categories was used, analytical-reflective phase of the content analysis technique. Among the main results, it is concluded that older adults have a high index of marital satisfaction, accompanied by a predominant positive communication, a marked affective bond centered on couple intimacy, a high percentage of sexual desire in men, unlike women who consider it inappropriate due to religious stigma, at the same time, they reflect a notorious commitment, high respect and feelings of responsibility through care towards the couple. As a proposal to strengthen couple relationships in older adults, it was decided to carry out practical workshops, improving their communication and support networks between couples, which has an impact on longevity and active aging.Item Relaciones familiares y salud de adultos mayores hombres privados de libertad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato,Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2022-03) Rivera Coloma, Dennise Michelle; Campoverde Quijano, Egda MaribelWhen we talk about elderly people that are deprived of freedom, we know that there is a high level of vulnerability, so consider their relationship and their health is really important, in that stage of human life usually appear catastrophic illness that influence in family dynamics, that is why the purpose of this research is focused on: Determine the influence of family relationships in the health of elderly people that are deprived of freedom. For the research we worked with twenty old men that are deprived of freedom in CPL Tungurahua N°1, that is the unique jail near the area, the information was analyzed with a mixed method, for the qualitative area we consider the documentation provided by the area of Social Work and life stories of the researched population, while for the quantitative area we reformulate the inquest “ Sabe I” and the inquest “ Adultos Mayores” that gave us information about: general data, current health status and information about the interaction between the medical department of the CPL and the group of study. The hypothesis testing was able to demonstrate that there is no correlation between family relationships and the health of elderly people that are deprived of freedom, despite of this, be determine that research variables are necessary to reach a right social rehabilitation.