Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/34193

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 73

Análisis comparativo de conexiones precalificadas con tipología soldadas y empernadas para un sistema SMF en un edificio de estructura metálica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Merino Mora, Verónica Jackeline; Chávez Rubio, Luis Enrique
Ecuador is located in areas where constant and significant earthquakes occur, currently it has been possible to denote the vulnerability of structural steel buildings to a severe earthquake. The scope of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of prequalified connections with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. The ANSI/AISC 360-16 standard is the standard that establishes the specifications for designing steel structures, the ANSI/AISC 341-16 standard indicates the seismic provisions for structural steel buildings and the ANSI/AISC 358-16, which analyzes the prequalified connections for use in special moments and intermediate frames, the standards present a guide for the design of prequalified metallic connections that were used as an instrument for the different mathematical calculations, in addition, applying this methodology, a model of a steel structure was made . National and international standards were used for the study and the Etabs 2019 and Ram Connection software, both with student licenses, were used for the structural analysis. This research performs the comparative analysis of RBS, BFP, BUEEP and WUF-W prequalified connections, with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. A structural and economic analysis of the metal frame building is obtained, concluding that the elements that make up the connection in a metal frame building have an elastic behavior. In addition, it was observed that the RBS connection provides the best reliability so that the transfer in the beams (plastic hinge) prevails before that in the columns, as an energy dissipation mechanism and complying with the design philosophy. Regarding the analysis of the cost of steel in beams and columns, it was known that steel in welded beams and columns is cheaper than steel in bolted beams and columns, due to the materials, equipment, machinery and labor used. in the construction process of metal structures.
Análisis comparativo de la conducta sísmica del puente Norte de la ciudad de Salcedo en base a un rediseño del sistema estructural actual con base fija y aisladores sísmicos.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025-06) Reinoso Bonilla Carla Alexandra; Peñafiel Valla Lourdes Gabriela
Given the latent seismic risk that Ecuador faces due to its geographical location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, construction mitigates these risks in part by ensuring the safety, comfort, and economy of users. One of the components that ensures these axes is seismic isolation. However, in Ecuador, the application of these construction methods is limited, making it necessary to disseminate innovative systems that allow safeguarding the safety of the population. This research evaluated the effectiveness of LRB-type isolators as a viable solution to construction located in the current environment of the Ecuadorian territory at the central highlands level. Therefore, a comparative analysis was proposed between the conventional design system (mobile supports and fixed supports) and the seismic isolation system implementing lead-rubber bearing (LRB) supports. A modal and timehistory analysis were carried out, and compatible accelerograms were implemented to obtain a range of thorough results as close to reality as possible. As the main results of the investigation, the seismic isolation systems increase the efficiency of the seismic behavior of the bridge under a variation of speeds by a percentage of 10.57%, while in terms of accelerations, the percentage increases to reach 62.01%. The base shear shows a variation of 65.5% in favor of the isolated model, and finally, there is a variation of average displacements of 12cm, where efficiency is ensured through plastic deformation of the components of the LRB seismic isolator
Análisis comparativo de una estructura habitacional con diagonales excéntricas y una estructura sin diagonales excéntricas, ante una solicitación sísmica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Salazar Gamboa, Alvaro Napoleón; Frías Torres, Alex Xavier
The main objective of this research work was the comparative analysis of a housing structure under seismic stress, taking as a reference point the urban area of Ambato, capital city of the province of Tungurahua, where the building under study is located. A specialized software was used for the modeling and design of the structure, as well as the guidelines of the Ecuadorian construction standard NEC-SE-DS 2015 and ANSI/AISC 360 and 341, respectively. The results obtained were satisfactory with respect to drifts and deflections, according to the configuration in columns, beams and diagonals it was not necessary to redesign the sections of the structural elements. Regarding the analysis, it should be noted that both the structure without eccentric braced frame and the structure with eccentric braced frame obtained an adequate behavior, with drifts of less than 2 percent that comply with the stipulations of the standard, but a notable difference was evidenced in the sections of both columns and beams, obtaining a 45.88 percent reduction in the weight of the structural elements. In the structure with eccentric braced frame, the drifts were maintained within the established limits for this typology according to the NEC with the inclusion of some diagonals, which helped to improve the behavior, reducing considerably the different sections of the structural elements, thus lightening the structure, achieving a balance and avoiding torsional effects in the floor plan, as well as allowing compliance with the maximum floor drifts that limit seismic damage. It was concluded that the structure with eccentric braced frame presents a better lateral resistance to the action of an earthquake due to the addition of the diagonals, which are responsible for redistributing the lateral forces within the building, lightening the structure and considerably reducing the weight of the elements and the consumption of materials.
Análisis comparativo entre placas base con pernos de anclaje extendidos y placas de base tradicionales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-10) Cruz Villavicencio, Nathaly Hailys; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy Fernando
The objective of this research project is to perform an analysis of base plate connections in steel structures as a crucial component in building construction, especially in Ecuador where steel structures have gained popularity in recent years. In the framework of the analysis, two main types of base plate connections were identified: a traditional version and another variant with extended bolts that provided greater stiffness, where comparing these two systems, their advantages and disadvantages were evaluated both in constructive and economic terms. A design guide was established that allowed a simple replication of the two systems, seeking to improve the strength and energy dissipation capacity of the structures under seismic loads. After designing each connection based on stresses obtained from a structural design, it was found that the plates with extended bolts functioned as a fuse, generating creep along the bolt, which allowed absorbing stresses without compromising other structural elements; on the other hand, the traditional base plate generated stresses in the column, which could be detrimental after a seismic event. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that plates with extended bolts imply a greater expense due to the complexity of their components and the additional effort required for their installation. Nevertheless, their implementation is recommended in regions with high seismic activity where structural protection is essential. On the other hand, in areas of low seismicity, their use is not economically justifiable, being more convenient to opt for traditional base plates, fulfilling the objectives by proposing a methodology that can be applied in future research and projects, offering a useful tool for the design of base plate type connections in metallic structures that provide safety especially in seismic contexts.
Análisis de amortiguadores híbridos utilizados en estructuras metálicas de edificaciones de mediana altura para mejorar su respuesta a cargas sísmicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Jaya Guanoluisa, Mario Hernán; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
The present research focused on identifying different configurations of hybrid dampers that are applicable to mid-rise buildings through the review of research, these devices were evaluated with computational tools, using the finite element method, which allowed to know the structural behavior of this type of systems with reliable mathematical models. Three types of dampers were identified that use fusible elements such as slits and weak plates to dissipate energy through deformations and contact surfaces that dissipate energy through friction, the analyzed dampers are composed especially of steel plates and surfaces of rough materials joined by bolts forming a single assembly, These devices are then adapted with welded or bolted joints to the structures, especially in the central zone of the beams, thus preventing damage to the structural element and giving way to the formation of ball joints and deformations in the fusible elements. After the analysis, the damper with the most stable behavior was identified in order to propose a proposal to improve the seismic performance and better dissipate the energy of the seismic loads.
Análisis de juntas tipo bridas apernadas para estructuras de telecomunicaciones de tipo monopolo usando el método de elementos finitos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Muyulema Muyulema, Dany Germán; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
Monopole structures are used as telecommunication towers, especially in urban areas where zoning is difficult. The load hypothesis that predominates their design is wind, since most of the collapses are due to this effect. The most critical part that is more prone to failure in the towers is the bolted flange joint, which requires a special focus in the design to guarantee its resistance and performance over time. In the present investigation, a finite element model was obtained that approximated the actual structural behavior of bolted flange joints. The finite element models were developed in a specialized software and monotonic lateral load tests were performed for their validation. The results obtained by measuring loads and displacements in the tests were compared with those obtained in the finite element model, showing non-significant variations in the points of interest of the bolted flange. The finite element model was useful for predicting the structural behavior of the flanges, making the design process more dynamic.
Análisis de la soldabilidad de los procesos SMAW, GMAW, GTAW y FCAW, de varillas con resaltes ASTM A706 grado 60 y su repercusión en las propiedades mecánicas de la unión CJP.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) López Urbina Lenin André; Guamanquispe Toasa Jorge Patricio
This research evaluates the most efficient welding process for joining ASTM A706 Grade 60 deformed reinforcing bars, aiming to optimize structural integrity, construction efficiency, and joint durability in civil engineering projects. Welding is proposed as an alternative to wire-tying in bar splicing, optimizing the excessive use of steel and the associated costs. Additionally, it prevents unnecessary increases in structural sections and handling challenges in confined spaces, especially with largediameter bars. In This way, the study seeks to improve structural performance and construction feasibility in civil engineering projects. The weldability of ASTM A706 Grade 60 bars was analyzed using the SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW processes, in accordance with the AWS D1.4 code, evaluating their performance through destructive and non-destructive tests. Visual inspections and dye penetrant tests were used to detect surface discontinuities, while UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y MECÁNICA MAESTRÍA EN INGENIERÍA CIVIL CON MENCIÓN EN ESTRUCTURAS METÁLICAS THEME: “GTAW Y FCAW, OF RODS WITH HIGHLIGHTS ASTM A706 DEGREE 60 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CJP UNION”. or tying 1t destructive xXviill xxix mechanical tests such as tensile testing, macrography, and metallography analyzed the strength, ductility, and microstructure of the welded joints. The results confirmed that the GMAW, FCAW, and SMAW processes meet the strength and quality standards required by the AWS D1.4 code, whereas the GTAW process exhibited deficiencies in mechanical performance due to alterations microstructure, such as variations in the distribution pearlite and ferrite, as well as grain size. The cost-benefit analysis determined that the GMAW, FCAW, and SMAW welding processes offer greater efficiency and lower cost per welded joint, optimizing the relationship between investment and structural performance. In conclusion, the implementation of welding in deformed steel reinforcing bars represents a viable and advantageous alternative to traditional lap splice with wire ties, improving the quality and safety of structures.
Análisis de los elementos estructurales utilizados en el diseño de una edificación de dos pisos con un sistema estructural liviano (Steel Framing)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Alarcón Cárdenas, Fredy Israel; Sánchez Sánchez, Xavier Rolando
The development of civil construction leads to industrialized and modern construction systems. One of these is Steel Framing (SF), cold-formed galvanized steel profiles enclosed by cement board, wood or gypsum board panels. In the Ecuadorian environment there is concern about the safety of its structural components. The seismic demand to which the country is subjected requires the construction sector to innovate construction systems, especially for the residential building sector, in order to carry out construction processes with less environmental impact and better seismic resistant behavior that guarantees the safety of the occupants. The materials used in the SF construction system lack reliability in the local market, since they are in a discrete commercialization state due to their low demand and limited consumer scope, which is mainly composed of professionals dedicated to real estate projects. In this study, the structural design of a 2-story residential building was carried out, verifying the mechanical properties of SF by testing its main structural elements. The samples were extracted from profiles available in the market and were analyzed through mechanical tests in several laboratories in the country. During the tests, tensilexvi behavior, metallography, hardness, chemical composition, electron microscopy and coating thickness measurements were evaluated. The results showed that the structural elements that make up the SF system meet the mechanical requirements requested by the structural design standards and its application is feasible in the proposed building, taking into account the good quality of the material used in the manufacture of the profiles used in this construction system. In addition to the results obtained numerically, it is important to emphasize the advantages of the SF, in terms of weight of its elements (light structures), speed of execution and good environmental practices in the construction process.
Análisis de los procesos de soldadura SMAW, GMAW Y FCAW en varillas de acero estructural corrugado ASTM A706, mediante juntas a tope con bisel en V simple y doble, y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas de la junta soldada
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Armas Real, Daniel Alberto; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
In order to provide an alternative to the traditional method of overlapping between reinforcing steel rods, it is intended to analyze some applicable welding processes to join reinforcing steel rods in the present work. The base material corresponds to reinforcing steel ASTM A706, the same one that is marketed nationally by the main steel mills and whose main characteristic is its good weldability. The welding processes used were the SMAW, GMAW and FCAW processes, and the joints used were single and double beveled butt joints for a rod diameter of 14 mm. The weld seams were made by a qualified welder and the welding processes were qualified by a welding inspector. The destructive tests carried out were the tension and macroetch tests, while the non-destructive test carried out was the penetrant dye test, which was carried out based on the structural welding code and based on structural welding code – steel reinforcing bars. Once the data was tabulated, the type of joint that presented the best mechanical properties for the FCAW process was the double V-bevel butt joint, while for the SMAW process good results were obtained for both types of bevel, however, after performing the analysis of welding costs, the type of butt joint with double V bevel was the one that reached the best cost-benefit ratio, despite the fact that compared to the other processes it was the most expensive; an additional benefit of this process is that it does not require an external shielding gas. The GMAW process, despite complying with the requirements of the code, did not obtain a good result in the percentage of elongation; Regarding the FCAW process, additional specimens were made to carry out the macroetch tests, because if a correct cleaning between passes is not carried out and the correct parameters are not used in the welding, a lack of fusion is obtained between the base metal and the base metal. input.
Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural de la unidad nueva del Hospital Básico El Puyo, ubicado en la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Cáceres Vargas, Andrea Carolina; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo Enrique
Seismic vulnerability in essential structures has been a subject of little analysis despite the importance that a building of this type entails, therefore, this research covers the constructive reality of the new unit of the Basic Hospital El Puyo, a structure built with regulations In force, however, the lack of technical criteria of the professionals who designed it significantly influenced the construction, generating cracking problems. During the development of this research, it was necessary to assess the vulnerability of this structure through quick visual inspections and the application of forms with the NEC 2015, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS methodologies. Then, non-destructive tests of concrete and soil tests were carried out in order to verify that the design plans have been respected. Subsequently, a mathematical model of this structure composed of two blocks was analyzed using structural design software, where, through a linear static analysis, it turned out that it presented torsion in one of its blocks, which is why a reinforcement was proposed. structural by means of steel stiffening diagonals in certain side frames. On the other hand, the current seismic performance of blocks 1 and 2 was considered, through a non-linear static analysis, obtaining as a result, that they do not meet the performance level for the rare design earthquake, since, the point The performance of these blocks is outside the capacity curve, its resistance being insufficient to meet the seismic requirements; Thus, under this criterion, the pushover was executed with the two reinforced structures, verifying that there is a good seismic performance. Finally, the soil-structure interaction analysis was carried out, verifying that the hospital unit presents permitted differential settlements.
Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural del edificio Colineal, ubicado en la parroquia Atocha-Ficoa, cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Romero Guamanquispe, Jorge Roberto; Núñez Aldas, Galo Wilfrido
In this degree work, as an initial part, a seismic vulnerability analysis of the metal structure buildings in the Atocha-Ficoa parish is carried out through quick visual inspections using the forms established by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-2015, FUNVISIS as well as by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States FEMA P-154, since through this study it was determined that the houses in this parish present a medium-high vulnerability, Thus, the most representative building was selected, the Colineal company building, which presents technical-constructive observations of structural order such as fissures, cracks, detachment of plaster on walls and floors, which has caused a premature deterioration of the infrastructure. For this reason, an analysis was carried out by means of mathematical models through the ETABS computer program, where a linear analysis was performed to verify structural parameters such as drifts, displacements, and vibration periods. Subsequently, a non-linear static analysis (Pushover) was performed to determine the capacity of the structure and its performance level in the presence of a seismic event, to finally determine, based on the performance obtained, a structural reinforcement system by means of concentric diagonals, which will provide greater stability, ductility and resistance to the building and through this constructive alternative improve its seismic performance level and adequately meet the technical criteria for life safety.
Análisis del comportamiento estructural del centro integral y cultural de los gobiernos parroquiales rurales de Pastaza en estructura metálica con el uso de aisladores elastoméricos, en la ciudad del Puyo, cantón y provincia de Pastaza
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) Velasteguí Lara, Janne Carolina; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy Fernando
The present research work performs an analysis of the structural behavior of a six-story building in metallic structure with the use of elastomeric seismic base isolators, which allows us to perform a comparative analysis of the structural behavior through the vibration periods that directly influence the floor drifts as displacements, of an isolated and non-isolated structure. It was performed prior to the analysis of several structural probabilities, seeking that the structure complies with the minimum seismic resistant requirements suggested by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard "NEC 15", as well as the Complementary Technical Standards for Earthquake Design, "NTC-DS-2017", the Chilean Standard "NCH-2745", the American Institute of Steel Constructions "AISC 341- 16" code and the American Society of Civil Engineers "ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13, which, by their design characteristics, provide seismic resistant safety. The mathematical model for the calculation was made based on the characteristics of the architectural and structural drawings, making a stabilized structure obtaining floor drifts and displacements in accordance with the requirements of the NEC-15 recommendations, consequently, the seismic isolation was made through the pre-dimensioning and design of the elastomeric base isolators with lead core type LRB. Subsequently, the scaled accelerograms were entered into the structural model of the software, in order to establish a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis and to obtain a real analysis of the structure, a nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the data entered into the software, results were obtained for a building without isolation, including: vibration periods, displacements, floor drifts, basal shear, accelerations, overvoltage of the structure and energy balances; likewise, the basic seismic isolation was implemented in which the expected results were obtained, in order to perform a comparative analysis of a structure with and without isolation.
Análisis del comportamiento estructural mediante el uso de aisladores sísmicos y disipadores de energía en un edificio de estructura metálica, aplicando la norma NEC-15
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Beltrán Vargas, Luis Miguel; López Arboleda, Gissela Vanessa; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
In this project there is the need of understanding the dynamical behavior of the building, so there are three structural models that are presented, the first model consisted in an analysis of a conventional building. In the second and third models, seismic isolators and energy dissipators were incorporated, respectively, taking into consideration the criteria of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13), American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16). In the first stage of the analysis, the structure was analyzed and balanced, applying the recommendations of the NEC-15. Once the building was stabilized, the analysis of the conventional structure was carried out in order to determine floor drifts and displacements. Subsequently, the pre-dimensioning and corresponding design of the base seismic isolators was carried out, which were considered as elastomeric type devices with a lead core. In the third model, the design of the energy dissipators was carried out. With the necessary information, the values were entered into the calculation program to carry out the study of the structuralxv models. Once the structural model was generated in the software, data from the accelerograms were entered in order to perform a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and a complementary nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the information entered in the software, the results for the first structural model were obtained, among the main results obtained from the structural package are: the floor drifts, displacements, displacement diagrams, energy balance diagrams, results of lateral loads, among others. In the same way, those analyses were developed in the structural models with the base isolation and energy dissipation devices, which, once the required results were obtained, a comparative analysis of the structural behavior was carried out, taking as main parameters of consideration the floor drifts, displacements obtained and energy balances.
Análisis del comportamiento mecánico del acero estructural ASTM A36 r recubierto con materiales ignífugos luego que han sido sometidos a altas temperaturas.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Núñez Acosta Ivonne Alexandra; Guamanquispe Toasa Patricio
In Ecuador, ASTM A36 steel is widely used in metal structures due to its strength and ductility, although it loses mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, such as during fire exposure. While intumescent coatings are employed as passive protection, there is limited local research on their effectiveness on this type of steel, representing a critical gap in structural safety. This study followed ISO 12944 and E119-24 standards to define the requirements for thermal testing. An experimental methodology was developed, preceded by documentary and patent research to identify fireproof coatings available in the country. Three different formulations were applied to ASTM A36 steel specimens, which were then subjected to temperatures of 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C for intervals of 3, 4, and 5 minutes. Metallographic, hardness, and tensile tests were conducted, and results were compared to a control sample with no coating or thermal exposure. The bestperforming coating underwent further testing at extended exposure times of 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results indicate that the most representative formulations belong to DEKORUM INQUIFESA, with the X-50 coating standing out. This formulation exhibited minimal variation in carbon content (0.26–0.29%), low Brinell hardness loss (minimum 139.5 HB), and yield strength variations ranging only from 1% to 9%. In fire simulation tests, X-50 outperformed uncoated steel, showing up to 69% improvement in tensile strength. However, after 30 minutes of continuous hightemperature exposure, the coating’s effectiveness decreased, suggesting the need for complementary active protection systems to prevent structural failure.
Análisis dinámico no lineal de un puente colgante vehicular tipo de 100 metros de longitud ante cargas sísmicas y de viento, según AASHTO LRFD 2017 y NEC 2015
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Núñez Meneses, Jorge Luis; Medina Robalino, Wilson Santiago
The design of bridges is an area little shared in the third level of higher education, much less if they have special characteristics and large spans, such as suspension bridges. The present work contemplates the design of a 100-meter long suspension bridge, performing a linear and nonlinear analysis of wind and seismic loads, as well as assembling a document of manual calculations for the design of all the elements of the bridge, which can serve as a guide for professionals interested in this branch of engineering. As a first part, the analysis and design of the bridge super structure was carried out by means of dynamic analysis by vehicular loads, including, on the one hand, the wind load calculation method established in the AASHTO LRFD and NEC 2015 and, on the other hand, a wind tunnel. With a speed pattern equal to 80 mph (according to AASHTO LRFD), it was evidenced that the dynamic analysis by means of a wind tunnel is predominant with respect to the static analysis based on forces, since it shows in a real way the effects of the loads on each of the elements managing to obtain unfavorable situations, since, in general terms there are values of displacements higher by 10 percent. After the design of the superstructure, the analysis of the substructure under seismic loads was carried out, performing a spectral modal analysis vs. a nonlinear analysis in the time domain, using acceleration records of real earthquakes scaled to the design target spectrum, where the large differences between the demands produced in such analysis can be evidenced, although both methods are dynamic, it will always be advisable to perform it in the nonlinear range, since the real behavior of the seismic event is evidenced, besides allowing us to know the behavior and the variation of stresses and deformations during the duration of the seismic event. The nonlinear analysis in the time domain was performed based on 9 accelerograms that were scaled appropriately to the calculated target spectrum, whose results were unfavorable compared to the spectral modal analysis, since the calculated drifts are 74 percent higher in the Y direction; 10 percent higher in the X direction. Finally, a manual-type document with the design of the bridge elements according to AASHTO LRFD is presented.
Análisis estático no lineal (Push Over) de los talleres de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica y de la Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial, con aisladores sísmicos, ubicadas en el campus Huachi de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) López Sánchez, Byron Leonardo; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza Elizabeth
This research work presents a comparative analysis of the structural behavior of a conventional structure and another with the implementation of seismic isolators, which are devices that allow the building to deform elastically and dissipate energy during the occurrence of earthquakes of considerable magnitude. The structures analyzed were the workshops of the faculties of: Civil and Mechanical Engineering and Systems, Electronics and Industrial Engineering and they are classified as special according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), and present a structural system of special earthquake resistant gantries made of hot rolled steel with stiffening diagonals, they are also used as laboratories for the production area and as a higher education center.xxiii As a first study, a linear analysis of the structures was performed to verify their current state by analyzing their vibration period, displacements and permissible drifts, then a non-linear static analysis was performed to determine their seismic performance, and then the isolation system was pre-dimensioned. It was designed taking as a priority the ASCE/SEI 7-10 standard, the dead loads of the building plus 30 percent of the live load above the isolation system and based on the information provided by the manufacturer. It should be taken into account that there are a large number of options of anti-seismic devices to improve the performance and behavior of a structure; in this case study, the lead core elastomeric isolator (LRB) was chosen. Subsequently, all the established limits such as drifts, shear and displacements were verified, taking into account the provisions of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. For the workshop of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering with isolated base, the floor drifts were reduced by 64 percent compared to the structure without isolation, for the basal shear and horizontal displacements a reduction of 73 and 51 percent respectively, likewise for the workshop of the Faculty of Systems, Electronics and Industrial Engineering the floor drifts, shear and displacement were reduced by 69, 74 and 63 percent respectively.
Análisis no lineal del puente de sección compuesta tipo de 135 metros de longitud usando SAP2000
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Calo Catota, Byron Patricio; Romo Proaño, Luis Marcelo
Given the importance of bridges for the road, social and economic development of the country, the design and verification of seismic performance is imperative; this project takes a first step towards that goal by understanding the nonlinear behavior of typical Ecuadorian composite bridges. For this purpose, the case study of a steel bridge built in 2020 and located in province of Los Ríos, Ecuador, has been taken as a case study. To achieve this objective, we have taken bibliography present in articles, guides and normative standards, especially international; the nonlinear responses of components such as: superstructure, columns, elastomeric supports, vertical seismic bars, passive response of the fill in abutments and seismic restraints are proposed and constructed with the objective of representing the real behavior of a bridge against the earthquake of April 16, 2016 occurred in Ecuador, specifically the one registered in the city closest to the project (Portoviejo). The nonlinear time response analysis is performed in the commercial program and the behavior of the bridge and is obtained considering the two orthogonal components of the earthquake. The results obtained are displacements, velocities and accelerations of the superstructure and pier, moment-rotation in the central pier, force-displacement curves of the non-linear elements such as vertical bars, supports, braces, etc. From the above, it is possible to determine that there would be impact between beams-shear keys, superstructure - abutments and in the joint separating the multispam simple supported; it is also observed that certain components present limited levels of displacement such as fillers, vertical bars and columns; on the contrary, the element that would present the greatest damage are the shear keys in the central pile and elastomeric supports, especially their lateral response. The analysis of each component was developed in detail and appended for academic purposes, so that future research can apply this methodology to the evaluation of new and existing bridges.
Análisis Técnico Económico de Vigas Aligeradas y su Incidencia en el Diseño Sismorresistente de un Edificio de Estructura Metálica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Jordán López, Andrés Sebastián; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
The technical-economic differences between idealized structural systems with homogeneous web beams and beams with web openings emerge as the main elements of a steel building, considering occupational and seismic demands typical of Ambato city. In accordance with the architectural proposal for the implementation of a building, the input data for the construction of a mathematical model that adjusts, more closely, to the real conditions of the structure were defined. The structural analysis and design of the building guarantees its seismic behavior in accordance with the requirements established in the codes: NEC-SE-DS, NEC-SE-AC, AISC 341-16, AISC 360-16 and ASCE/SEI 7-16. Once this process was completed, the beams with critical demands were identified to be supported in a process of restructuring their geometry through the incorporation of rectangular and circular openings in their web, to establish structural and economic differences respect to a beam with a homogeneous web. Beams with circular openings suffer less vertical and lateral deformations under a controlled loading condition, in contrast to an equivalent beam with rectangular openings. When the web of a homogeneous beam is disturbed by perforations, the internal forces tend to increase around them; being the corners of the rectangular openings those that present the greatest concentration of these efforts. Respect to the economic factor, the construction of a residential steel structure with beams with web opening presents a minimal advantage with respect to a system with homogeneous web, due to the increase in the cost for its manufacture and assembly, in the local market.
Análisis técnico económico del coeficiente de reducción de respuesta estructural con aplicación y comparación en sistemas aporticados de estructuras metálicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Jácome Guanopatín, Ángel Patricio; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy Fernando
In this degree work, the analysis and calculation of the seismic reduction factor for a structure with special moment frames (PEM or SMF) composed of four different mathematical models where the seismic reduction factor changes with values of R=8, 6, 4, 5 and 3. 5 and 3; performing the dynamic linear structural analysis of the four models, each structure changes according to the demand required by the seismic forces, determining that the lower the value of R the larger sections are required in the structure, in spite of the above, the fundamental vibration period of the structures was maintained for R= 8, 6 and 4. 5, while for the factor R=3 the period is slightly reduced resulting in a stiffer structure, as the seismic response factor is reduced, more robust sections are required to provide more weight to the structure to meet the demand. An economic analysis was performed with the sections obtained, which shows that the lower the R value, the structure requires a higher weight and therefore influences a higher cost, so the structure with the lowest cost is the structure with an R=8. Additionally, a pseudo-static non-linear analysis was determined to determine the structural performance of each of the four models using the ATC-40 and FEMA- 440 methods, highlighting that the models maintain the same architectural and geometric configuration but with different sections in certain elements that required a higher geometry as the R value decreases, after obtaining the results of the static non-linear analysis, the performance point was determined using the ASCE 41-17 and FEMA 440 (2005) methodology, resulting in the R=8, 6, 4. 5 and 3 for 475 years has a performance level in X and Y of immediate occupancy. For the determination of the structural response factor, the methodology proposed by Dr. Aguiar 2006 was followed, which is similar to that of ATC-19 (1995), where the ductility, resistance and redundancy factor is determined, data that are collected from the performance point obtained for the elastic design spectrum with a return period of 475 years, the structural response factors R obtained establish that the average range is between 6 and 7.5, on the other hand the structure that presents greater capacity and performance is the one that was designed with R=4. 5 so having extremely rigid sections does not guarantee stability and ductility in a structure, finally a high level of performance (immediate occupation) and seismic energy dissipation capacity is established in the structure designed with a R=6 where its value is similar and slightly lower than 4.5, so it is concluded that for a structure of special steel composite moment frames a design with a structural response factor equal to 6 should be sought.
Análisis y diseño del comportamiento estructural de pórticos arriostrados excéntricos con vigas de enlace aplicado en un edificio de 7 pisos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-10-01) Bayas Freire, Jorge Esteban; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
The purpose of this research project is the analysis and structural seismic design of a seven-story building with steel structure and composite columns filled with concrete, located in the city of Ambato with a irregular floor geometry through the implementation of eccentric braced frames (EBF) with link beams in both directions of the structure with a clear length of 60 centimeters. In this research a dynamic analysis of the structure was carried out in the Etabs software verifying parameters within the Ecuadorian construction standard NEC 15 such as floor drifts, strong column - weak beam criteria, then the design of the structural elements with spreadsheets was carried out complying with the ASIC 360-16, AISC 341-16 and ASCE 7-16 regulations, also the connections of both the link and beam-column of the structure were design through finite element analysis of the welding and the connection plates in the IdeaStatica software complying with the AWS D1.1 design regulations. Additionally, a non-linear static analysis (pushover) was performed in both directions of the structure applying incremental load patterns, the capacity curves and performance points for a rare earthquake and a very rare earthquake were determined, an evaluation of these points was carried out within the matrix established in the Vision 200 standard. Finally, it was possible to observe the real overall performance that the structure will have under seismic loads, thus verifying the behavior of the link as an energy dissipator through the formation of plastic hinges. The results obtained in this research project have demonstrated the correct earthquake-resistant design of the eccentric braced frames, obtaining a safe and efficient structural system.